Hemija masnih kiselina Atrichum undulatum i Hypnum andoi

The fatty acid compositions of the moss species Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. (Polytrichaceae) and Hypnum andoi A.J.E. Sm. (Hypnaceae) collected in winter time were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a contribution to their chemistry. Eight fatty acids were identified in the chloroform/methanol extract 1:1 of A. undulatum (linoleic acid, 26.80%, palmitic acid, 22.17%, alpha-linolenic acid, 20.50%, oleic acid, 18.49%, arachidonic acid, 6.21%, stearic acid, 3.34%, cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, 1.52% and behenic acid, 1.01%), while six fatty acids were found in the same type of extract of H. andoi (palmitic acid, 63.48%, erucic acid, 12.38%, stearic acid, 8.08%, behenic acid, 6.26%, lignoceric acid, 5.16% and arachidic acid, 4.64%). According to this study, the moss A. undulatum can be considered as a good source of both essential fatty acids for humans (linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid) during the winter.Kao doprinos izučavanju njihovog hemijskog sastava, u ovom radu GC i GC-MS analizom ispitivane su masne kiseline mahovina Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. (Polytrichaceae) i Hypnum andoi A.J.E. Sm. (Hypnaceae) sakupljene za vreme zimskog doba. U ekstraktu hloroform/metanol 1:1 vrste A. undulatum identifikovano je osam viših masnih kiselina (linolna kiselina, 26,80%, palmitinska kiselina, 22,17%, α-linolenska kiselina, 20,50%, oleinska kiselina, 18,49%, arahidonska kiselina, 6,21%, stearinska kiselina, 3,34%, cis-5,8,11,14,17-eikosapentaenska kiselina, 1,52% i behenska kiselina, 1,01%), dok je u istom ekstraktu vrste H. andoi nađeno šest viših masnih kiselina (palmitinska kiselina, 63,48%, erukinska kiselina, 12,38%, stearinska kiselina, 8,08%, behenska kiselina, 6,26%, lignocerinska kiselina, 5,16% i arahidinska kiselina, 4,64%). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da u ispitivanom vremenskom periodu mahovina A. undulatum predstavlja dobar izvor linolne i α-linolenske kiseline, esencijalnih masnih kiselina za ljude

An Insight into Fatty Acid Composition of Calliergonella cuspidata

The fatty acid composition of the moss Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske (Amblystegiaccae) was preliminary analyzed by gas chromatography (GC FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Six fatty acids were identified in its chloroform-methanol extract 1/1: palmitic acid (66.83 %), stearic acid (11.73%), oleic acid (8.21 %), linolenic acid (6.01 %), alpha-linolenic acid (3.95 %) and arachidic acid (3.26 %). Arachidonic acid and cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, typical long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for many mosses, were not detected in Calliergonella cuspidata

Osvrt na hemiju masnih kiselina Rhytididelphus squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst

The fatty acid composition of the moss Rhytididelphus squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst. (Hylocomiaceae) collected in Germany during winter time was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Nine fatty acids were identifi ed in its chloroform:methanol extract 1:1: arachidonic acid (30.7%), α-linolenic acid (19.1%), linoleic acid (15.1%), cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (14.4%), palmitic acid (11.9%), cis-8,11,14- eicosatrienoic acid (4.1%), oleic acid (2.3%), γ-linolenic acid (1.4%) and stearic acid (1.0%). Th e results indicate that this plant species can be a good source of arachidonic acid collected during the winter.Sastav viših masnih kiselina mahovine Rhytididelphus squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst. (Hylocomiaceae), sakupljene u Nemačkoj za vreme zimskog doba, preliminarno je ispitivan GC i GC-MS analizom. U njenom ekstraktu hloroform: metanol 1:1 identifikovano je devet viših masnih kiselina: arahidonska kiselina (30.7%), α-linolenska kiselina (19.1%), linolna kiselina (15.1%), cis-5,8,11,14,17-eikosapentaenska kiselina (14.4%), palmitinska kiselina (11.9%), cis-8,11,14-eikosatrienska kiselina (4.1%), oleinska kiselina (2.3%), γ-linolna kiselina (1.4%) i stearinska kiselina (1.0%). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je ova biljna vrsta dobar izvor arahidonske kiseline u ispitivanom vremenskom periodu

Preliminarna analiza hemije masnih kiselina vrsta Kindbergia praelonga i Kindbergia stokesii (Brachytheciaceae)

Moss species of the family Brachytheciaceae, Kindbergia praelonga (Hedw.) Ochyra and Kindbergia stokesii (Turn.) Ochyra, were preliminarily analysed for their fatty acid composition with the aim of studying the chemical relationship of these two entities. Fatty acid methyl esters were examined by GC and GC MS in their methanol extracts. Thirteen fatty acids were identified. It is likely that the mosses are chemically distinguishable and should be treated as separate entities. However, additional chemical constituents of various moss samples, such as phenolic acids, their derivatives and flavonoids, must be also analyzed in order to support the re-examination of the relationship between these two species.Preliminarno je ispitivan sastav viših masnih kiselina dve mahovine iz familije Brachytheciaceae, Kindbergia praelonga (Hedw.) Ochyra i Kindbergia stokesii (Turn.) Ochyra, sa hemotaksonomskim ciljem. Ukupno je identifikovano 13 viših masnih kiselina GC i GC-MS analizom. Na osnovu dobijenih eksperimentalnih rezultata se može zaključiti da se navedene biljne vrste značajno hemijski razlikuju i da bi se mogle smatrati zasebnim entitetima ukoliko se to potvrdi i dodatnim analizama

Fitohemijsko ispitivanje biljne vrste Anthemis cotula

The investigation of roots of Anthemis cotula (Asteraceae) from cast Serbia revealed, in addition to polyacetylenes previously isolated from the same species, three prenylated 4-hydroxyacetophenones, detected for the first time in any Anthemis species. It is possible that they act as phytoalexins in the plant. From the aerial parts, six linear sesquiterpene lactones (four known and two new ones), as well as two known flavones, apigenin and hispidulin, were isolated.Novo ispitivanje korena biljke A. cotula (Asteraceae) pokazalo je, pored četiri već izolovana poliacetilena, i prisustvo tri prenilovana 4-hidroksiacetofenona koji do sada nisu bili izolovani iz ovog roda. Iz nadzemnog dela biljke izolovano je šest linearnih seskviterpenskih laktona, od koji su dva nova, dok su preostali ranije nađeni u istoj biljci. Takođe su u nadzemnom delu identifikovana dva poznata flavona, apigenin i hispidulin

Chemical weapons in university curricula - A way to safer society

Chemistry has been used as a tool of war for thousands of years. The earliest tools were poisoned arrows, Greek fire, water poisoning by hellebore plant extracts, etc. Apart from the chemicals used in the early wars, the modern chemical weapons (CW) were created during WWI and took more than one hundred thousand lives and caused around million casualties. Today CW have been regulated/prohibited by the Chemical Weapons Convention (OPCW, 2005) signed by 192 state parties. The implementing body for CWC is the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). Nowadays, when fear of terrorism is bigger than ever, society needs a better insight into CW, safety and widely used industrial chemicals with terrible potential. In the current curriculum CW is studied mostly from military point of view and the focus is more on the weapons than on chemistry. Authors suggest that the development of chemical weapon related courses in a chemistry curriculum could be a way to achieve safer society. CW courses could cover different topics, e.g. ethics in science, history of chemistry, safety in chemistry and chemical industry, organic and bioorganic chemistry, biochemistry, analytical chemistry, environmental and industrial chemistry, multiple usage chemicals, green chemistry as an alternative to widely used CW related chemicals, etc. Development of a CW syllabus could be supported by various internet-based resources used for education for peace (www.opcw.org/specialsections/education, http://multiple.kcvs.ca, www.thefiresproject.com). Diversity of chemicals covered by CWC in combination with multi-disciplinary approach is a great foundation for development of different student skills: science ethics, problemsolving skills, safety skills, 21st century searching skills, team skills… The authors created a new graduate course called Chemical weapons at Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade in 2016/17. The syllabus of CW can be seen on the internet (www.chem.bg.ac.rs/predmeti/279H1-en.html). In conclusion, the chemistry behind chemical weapons is quite diverse and the authors suggest that undergraduate or graduate course Chemical weapons could be very interesting and beneficial for both chemistry major/minor students

ДИСБІОЗ КИШЕЧНИКА У ХВОРИХ НА ЦУКРОВИЙ ДІАБЕТ 2 ТИПУ ТА ХРОНІЧНИЙ НЕКАЛЬКУЛЬОЗНИЙ ХОЛЕЦИСТИТ

The aim of the study – to learn the changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the large intestine microflora in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 and chronic noncalculous cholecystitis (CAC).Material and Methods. 52 patients who were treated in the Gastroenterological and Endocrinology Departments of the Transcarpathian Regional Hospital named after A. Novak in Uzhhorod were involved in the study. DM type 2 diagnosis was based on the recommendations of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF, 2005). The exacerbation of the CNC diagnosis was based in accordance with the clinical protocol of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and local protocols. The feces for dysbiosis were examined in patients with DM type 2 and CNC. The degree of intestinal dysbiosis was evaluated according to the classification of Kuvayeva I. B., Ladodo K. S. (1991).Results. The main clinical manifestation of the exacerbation of CNC in examined patients with DM type 2 was pain and dyspepsia syndromes. The nagging pain was localized mainly in the right hypochondria region with a characteristic irradiation to the right shoulder and right shoulder blade. The manifestations of biliary dyspepsia and intestinal dyspepsia (flatulence, alternating diarrhea and constipation) were examined in patients with DM type 2. Changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the large intestine microflora were observed in all examined patients with DM type 2 and CNC according to the results of microbiological study. At the same time, dysbiosis, mainly III and II degrees were found in patients with combination of DM type 2 and CNC, namely – III degree dysbiosis in 53.9 % of patients, II degree – in 36.5 % of patients and only 9.6 % of patients had I degree dysbiosis. It has been established that dyspeptic syndrome is more pronounced and more commonly found in patients with combination of CAC and DM type 2 with III degree dysbiosis.Conclusions. 1. The large intestine dysbiosis, mainly III and II degrees (in 53.9 % and 36.5 % of patients respectively) was observed in patients with DM type 2 and CNC.2. The connection between the severity of manifestations of dyspeptic syndrome and dysbiosis, mainly of the III degree were observed in patients with DM II type and CNC.Цель работы – изучить изменения количественного и качественного состава микрофлоры толстой кишки у больных сахарным диабетом (СД) 2 типа и хроническим некалькулезным холециститом (ХНХ).Материал и методы. Под нашим наблюдением находилось 52 больных, получавших стационарное лечение в гастроэнтерологическом и эндокринологическом отделениях ЗОКБ имени А. Новака г. Ужгород. Диагноз СД 2 типа установлен в соответствии с рекомендациями International Diabetes Federation (IDF, 2005). Диагноз обострения ХНХ устанавливали согласно клиническому протоколу МЗ Украины и локальным протоколам. Всем обследованным больным СД 2 типа и ХНХ выполнен посев кала на дисбактериоз. Степень дисбиоза кишечника оценивали по классификации Куваева И. Б., Ладодо К. С. (1991 г.).Результаты. Основным клиническим проявлением обострения ХНХ у обследованных больных СД 2 типа были болевой и диспепсический синдромы. Боль ноющего характера локализовалась преимущественно в правом подреберье, с характерной иррадиацией в правое плечо и правую лопатку. У обследованных больных СД 2 типа также определяли проявления билиарной и кишечной диспепсии (метеоризм, чередование поносов и запоров).У всех обследованных больных СД 2 типа и ХНХ по результатам микробиологического исследования выявили изменения количественного и качественного состава микрофлоры толстой кишки. При этом у обследованных больных СД 2 типа и ХНХ установили дисбиоз преимущественно III и II степеней, а именно: дисбиоз III степени – у 53,9 % больных, II степени – у 36,5 % больных, и только у 9,6 % пациентов выявлен дисбиоз I степени. При этом диспепсический синдром более выражен и чаще обнаруживается у больных ХНХ и СД 2 типа при дисбиозе III степени.Выводы. 1. У больных СД 2 типа и ХНХ установлен дисбиоз толстой кишки преимущественно III и II степеней (у 53,9 % и 36,5 % больных соответственно). 2. Установлена взаимосвязь между выраженностью проявлений диспепсического синдрома и дисбиозом преимущественно III степени у больных СД II типа и ХНХ.Мета роботи – вивчити зміни кількісного і якісного складу мікрофлори товстої кишки у хворих на цукровий діабет (ЦД) 2 типу та хронічний некалькульзний холецистит (ХНХ).Матеріал і методи. Під нашим спостереженням знаходилося 52 хворих, які перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні в гастроентерологічному та ендокринологічному відділеннях ЗОКЛ імені А. Новака м. Ужгород. Діагноз ЦП 2 типу встановлено згідно з рекомендаціями International Diabetes Federation (IDF, 2005 р.). Діагноз загострення ХНХ встановлювали згідно з клінічним протоколом МОЗ України та локальними протоколами. Усім обстеженим хворим на ЦД 2 типу та ХНХ виконано посів калу на дисбіоз. Ступінь дисбіозу кишечника оцінювали за класифікацією Куваєвої І. Б., Ладодо К. С. (1991 р.).Результати. Основним клінічним проявом загострення ХНХ у обстежених хворих на ЦД ІІ типу були больовий та диспепсичний синдроми. Ниючий біль локалізувався переважно в правому підребер’ї, із характерною іррадіацією у праве плече і праву лопатку. В обстежених хворих на ЦД 2 типу також визначали прояви біліарної та кишкової диспепсії (метеоризм, чергування проносів і запорів).У всіх обстежених хворих на ЦД 2 типу та ХНХ за результатами мікробіологічного дослідження виявили зміни у кількісному і якісному складі мікрофлори товстої кишки. При цьому в обстежених хворих на ЦД 2 типу та ХНХ встановили дисбіоз переважно ІІІ та ІІ ступенів, а саме: дисбіоз ІІІ ступеня – у 53,9 % хворих, ІІ ступеня – у 36,5 % хворих, і лише у 9,6 % пацієнтів виявлено дисбіоз І ступеня. Встановлено, що диспепсичний синдром більш виражений і частіше виявляється у хворих на ХНХ та ЦД 2 типу при дисбіозі ІІІ ступеня.Висновки. 1. У хворих на ЦД 2 типу та ХНХ встановлено дисбіоз товстої кишки переважно ІІІ та ІІ ступенів (у 53,9 % та у 36,5 % хворих відповідно). 2. Встановлено зв’язок між вираженістю проявів диспепсичного синдрому та дисбіозу переважно ІІІ ступеня у хворих на ЦД 2 типу та ХНХ

Supplementary data for article: Andelkovic, B.; Vujisić, L. V.; Vučković, I. M.; Tešević, V.; Vajs, V.; Godevac, D. Metabolomics Study of Populus Type Propolis. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 2017, 135, 217–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2016.12.003

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2016.12.003]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2386]Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3017

An Insight into Fatty Acid Composition of Calliergonella cuspidata

The fatty acid composition of the moss Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske (Amblystegiaccae) was preliminary analyzed by gas chromatography (GC FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Six fatty acids were identified in its chloroform-methanol extract 1/1: palmitic acid (66.83 %), stearic acid (11.73%), oleic acid (8.21 %), linolenic acid (6.01 %), alpha-linolenic acid (3.95 %) and arachidic acid (3.26 %). Arachidonic acid and cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, typical long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for many mosses, were not detected in Calliergonella cuspidata

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from seven wild-growing Senecio species in Serbia and Montenegro

The genus Senecio (family Asteraceae) is one of the largest in the world. It comprises about 1100 species which are the rich source of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids are among the most important sources of human and animal exposure to plant toxins and carcinogens. The pyrrolizidine alkaloids of seven Senecio species (S. erucifolius, S. othonnae, S. wagneri, S. subalpinus, S. carpathicus, S. paludosus and S. rupestris) were studied. Fourteen alkaloids were isolated and their structures determined from spectroscopic data (1H- and 13C-NMR, IR and MS). Five of them were identified in S. erucifolius, four in S. othonnae, two in S. wagneri, four in S. subalpinus, two in S. carpathicus, three in S. paludosus and three in S. rupestris. Seven pyrrolizidine alkaloids were found for the first time in particular species. The results have chemotaxonomic importance. The cytotoxic activity and antimicrobial activity of some alkaloids were also studied