ON THE TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN HIGHLY IONIZED PULSED PLASMA DURING FeCuNbSiB THIN FILM DEPOSITION PROCESS

The transport of sputtered particles in a magnetron discharge is of considerable interest for optimizing the deposition technique with respect to both deposition rate and control of the thin film properties. The High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) is a relatively new sputtering-based ionized physical vapor deposition technique with high density and high ionization degree of sputtered atoms which offers favorable conditions for better control and high-quality growing of thin films. Operating the HiPIMS in short pulse mode allows increasing the deposition rate due to the reduced gas rarefaction effect and reducing the ion back-attraction of the ionized sputtered material. Results concerning the spatial and temporal evolution of both the sputtered atoms density and plasma potential, the temporal evolution of the ion current intensity recorded by an electrostatic probe placed close to the substrate and the total positive electrical charge collected by the target and the probe during Fe 73.5 Cu 1 Nb 3 Si 15.5 B 7 thin film deposition process are presented. Most of the depositions and investigations have been made for a constant pulse voltage value of -1 kV, short pulse durations (4-20 µs), 10 mTorr working gas pressure and 30 W average power

Resonance Raman Scattering in TlGaSe 2

The resonance Raman scattering for geometries Y(YX)Z and Y(ZX)Z at temperature 10 K and infrared reflection spectra in E∥a and E∥b polarizations at 300 K were investigated. The number of Aa (Ba) and Au (Bu) symmetry vibrational modes observed experimentally and calculated theoretically agree better in this case than when TlGa2Se4 crystals belong to D2h symmetry group. The emission of resonance Raman scattering and excitonic levels luminescence spectra overlap. The lines in resonance Raman spectra were identified as a combination of optical phonons in Brillouin zone center

The hierarchical structure of the tooth enamel as a factor which is responsible for the anisotropy of its mechanical properties

У статті наводяться дані літературного огляду щодо структурних рівнів організації зубної емалі людини від окремого кристала гідроксіапатиту до комбінацій варіантів розташування емалевих призм, характерних для зубів різних функціональних груп. Також подані дані щодо значення ієрархічності будови емалі, яка зумовлює її унікальні механічні властивості.The given article presents the literature review focused on the structural levels of organization of the human tooth enamel from the level of the single hydroxyapatite crystallite to patterns of enamel rods arrangement typical for the teeth of different functional groups. It also contains data regarding the contribution of the enamel hierarchical structure to the outstanding mechanical properties of this material. The critical analysis of 50 literature sources was conducted. They included 42 scientific articles, 7 textbooks, 1 dissertation. The sources were found on the platforms “Web of Science”, “PubMed” and “Cyberleninka”. The tooth enamel appears to be a complex biocomposite material, which includes four levels of organization each exhibiting the interactions between organic and inorganic material. This phenomenon is responsible for the enamel being both hard and crack resistant material. The second level of the enamel organization (the level of enamel rod) is still not researched completely, despite its significant contribution in the mechanical properties of the enamel

Ways of improvement of histology, cytology and embryology teaching

У статті розглядається застосування навчальних алгоритмів як ефективний варіант удосконалення викладання гістології, цитології та ембріології. Умовою використання навчальних алгоритмів є чітке визначення мети вивчення предмета та розуміння особливостей розділів, що його складають.The article deals with usage of educational algorithms as an effective variant of improvement of teaching histology, cytology and embryology. The condition of usage of educational algorithms is a clear determination of the object study aim and understanding the parts which it is consists of

Патофізіологічні механізми гормональної дизрегуляції щитовидної залози при експериментальному термічному впливі

The purpose of the study was to study the concentration of pituitary and iodine-containing hormones as well as hormones secreted by the parathyroid gland and the adrenal cortex in the dynamics of skin burns in rats under physiological 0.9 % NaCl solution administration. Blood plasma levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, thyroxin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, aldosterone, corticosterone, testosterone and parathyroid hormone were determined 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after thermal skin burns in 138 white Wistar rats. The entire dysfunction of axis of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid regulation of a biological organism was established. A simultaneous secretory activity changes were shown in several functional regulatory axis – the pituitary-parathyroid gland, the pituitary-adrenal gland and the pituitary-gonads. Authors showed the primarily inhibition and disorganization of the morphological intraglandular organization in the initial time intervals after a skin burn and some spontaneous compensation after 7–14 days of the post-burn period was confirmed in a change of thyroid gland itself and other important endocrine elements secretory activity. NaCl administration is insufficient for therapeutic purposes and it is necessary to develop the effective pathogenetical scheme of thyroid gland functional state correction in skin burns.Метою роботи було дослідження концентрації гіпофізарних, йод-вмісних гормонів, гормонів паращитоподібної залози та кори наднирників у динаміці опікової травми шкіри щурів при введенні фізіологічного 0,9 % розчину NaCl. Через 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 і 30 діб після термічних опіків шкіри у плазмі крові 138 білих щурів лінії Вістар визначали рівень тиреотропного гормону, трийодтироніну, тироксину, лютеїнізуючого та фолікулостимулюючого гормону, альдостерону, кортикостерону, тестостерону і паратгормону. Встановлено повну дисфункцію вісі гіпоталамо-гіпофізарно-тиреоїдної регуляції біологічного організму. Виявлено одночасні зміни секреторної активності кількох функціональних регуляторних осей – гіпофіз-паращитоподібна залоза, гіпофіз-надниркова залоза та гіпофіз-статеві залози. Автори показали первинне гальмування і дезорганізацію морфологічної внутрішньозалозистої організації в початкові проміжки часу після опіку шкіри і деяку спонтанну компенсацію через 7–14 днів післяопікового періоду, що було підтверджено зміною секреторної активності щитоподібної залози та інших важливих ендокринних органів. Введення NaCl є недостатнім з лікувальною метою, і необхідно розробити ефективну патогенетичну схему корекції функціонального стану щитоподібної залози при опіках шкіри

Sudden Cardiac Death and Copy Number Variants: What Do We Know after 10 Years of Genetic Analysis?

Over the last ten years, analysis of copy number variants has increasingly been applied to the study of arrhythmogenic pathologies associated with sudden death, mainly due to significant advances in the field of massive genetic sequencing. Nevertheless, few published reports have focused on the prevalence of copy number variants associated with sudden cardiac death. As a result, the frequency of these genetic alterations in arrhythmogenic diseases as well as their genetic interpretation and clinical translation has not been established. This review summarizes the current available data concerning copy number variants in sudden cardiac death-related diseases

Selective Survival and Maturation of Adult-Born Dentate Granule Cells Expressing the Immediate Early Gene Arc/Arg3.1

Progenitor cells in the adult dentate gyrus provide a constant supply of neuronal precursors, yet only a small fraction of these cells survive and develop into mature dentate granule cells (DGCs). A major challenge of current research is thus to understand the stringent selection process that governs the maturation and functional integration of adult-born DGCs. In mature DGCs, high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the perforant path input elicits robust expression of the immediate early gene Arc/Arg3.1, trafficking of its mRNA to dendrites, and local synthesis of the protein necessary for consolidation of long-term potentiation (LTP). Given the synaptic commitment inherent in LTP consolidation, we considered that HFS-evoked expression of Arc could be used to timemap the functional integration of newborn DGCs. Dividing cells were birthmarked by BrdU-labeling at 1, 7, 14, 21, or 28 days prior to induction of LTP and expression of Arc was examined by confocal microscopy. Contrary to expectation, LTP did not induce Arc expression in newborn cells at any age, suggesting they might be refractory to synaptically-evoked Arc expression for at least one month. Importantly, however, spontaneous expression of Arc was detected in BrdU-labeled cells and strongly associated with the survival and maturation of NeuN-positive DGCs. Moreover, Arc expression at the earliest ages (1 and 7 days), clearly precedes the formation of glutamatergic synapses on new neurons. These results suggest an unexpected early role for Arc in adult-born DGCs, distinct from its functions in LTP, LTD, and homeostatic synaptic plasticity

Plasma-wall interaction studies within the EUROfusion consortium: Progress on plasma-facing components development and qualification

This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission.The provision of a particle and power exhaust solution which is compatible with first-wall components and edge-plasma conditions is a key area of present-day fusion research and mandatory for a successful operation of ITER and DEMO. The work package plasma-facing components (WP PFC) within the European fusion programme complements with laboratory experiments, i.e. in linear plasma devices, electron and ion beam loading facilities, the studies performed in toroidally confined magnetic devices, such as JET, ASDEX Upgrade, WEST etc. The connection of both groups is done via common physics and engineering studies, including the qualification and specification of plasma-facing components, and by modelling codes that simulate edge-plasma conditions and the plasma-material interaction as well as the study of fundamental processes. WP PFC addresses these critical points in order to ensure reliable and efficient use of conventional, solid PFCs in ITER (Be and W) and DEMO (W and steel) with respect to heat-load capabilities (transient and steady-state heat and particle loads), lifetime estimates (erosion, material mixing and surface morphology), and safety aspects (fuel retention, fuel removal, material migration and dust formation) particularly for quasi-steady-state conditions. Alternative scenarios and concepts (liquid Sn or Li as PFCs) for DEMO are developed and tested in the event that the conventional solution turns out to not be functional. Here, we present an overview of the activities with an emphasis on a few key results: (i) the observed synergistic effects in particle and heat loading of ITER-grade W with the available set of exposition devices on material properties such as roughness, ductility and microstructure; (ii) the progress in understanding of fuel retention, diffusion and outgassing in different W-based materials, including the impact of damage and impurities like N; and (iii), the preferential sputtering of Fe in EUROFER steel providing an in situ W surface and a potential first-wall solution for DEMO.European Commission; Consortium for Ocean Leadership 633053; Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART

Thermionic vacuum arc diagnostic using emissive probe

In this paper, experimental results are presented on study of the copper thermionic vacuum arc using emissive probe. Experimental results show that plasma potential is direct related to the discharge voltage and it shows nonlinear distribution from the anodic melted spot towards to the plasma extremity

INTERCULTURAL PARTNERSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ENTERPRISES FROM ROMANIA

When talking about the European economic context an attempt to equilibrate the gap between countries can be noticed. Through different projects, financed by the European Commission, the disparities between Western and Eastern Europe, in the entrepreneurial environment, are trying to be reduced. The aim of this article is to serve as model case that illustrates the intercultural partnership between Finland, Hungary and Romania in order to develop workplace innovation in Eastern Europe. The focus of this paper is to present a detailed descriptive analysis of the various practical issues that are related to effective implementation of workplace innovations in Romania and the adaptability of the Finnish model to the Romanian context. Special emphasize will be put on the pedagogical methods used by the innovation deliverer, the Finnish partner