Formalization of hydrocarbon conversion scheme of catalytic cracking for mathematical model development

The issue of improving the energy and resource efficiency of advanced petroleum processing can be solved by the development of adequate mathematical model based on physical and chemical regularities of process reactions with a high predictive potential in the advanced petroleum refining. In this work, the development of formalized hydrocarbon conversion scheme of catalytic cracking was performed using thermodynamic parameters of reaction defined by the Density Functional Theory. The list of reaction was compiled according to the results of feedstock structural-group composition definition, which was done by the n-d-m-method, the Hazelvuda method, qualitative composition of feedstock defined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and individual composition of catalytic cracking gasoline fraction. Formalized hydrocarbon conversion scheme of catalytic cracking will become the basis for the development of the catalytic cracking kinetic model

Толкование условий применения условно-досрочного освобождения от отбывания наказания

The subject of the research is the public relations governing the serving of the sentence by the convicted person and the exercise of the right to parole.The purpose of the article is to determine the content and formulate proposals for improving the criminal legislation and the practice of its application on the basis of established approaches to the interpretation of the conditions for the application of parole, provided for in Art. 79 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The hypothesis of the research is the legislative wording of the conditions for the application of parole, provided for by Russian Criminal Code (paragraph "g" of Part 3 of Art. 79) – “at least three-quarters of the sentence imposed for crimes against the sexual inviolability of minors, as well as for grave and especially grave crimes related to the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors” – do not have a sufficient degree of specificity and does not allow to unambiguously determine the moment of emergence of the right to parole.The methodology. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) as well as private scientific methods of criminal law research (formal-legal and linguistic interpretation of legal acts) – were used. The authors propose to correct the provisions of the Russian Criminal Code and to consolidate the content of the concepts used in the criminal law on the basis of the analysis of various normative legal acts, acts of judicial interpretation and provisions of the doctrine of criminal law.The main scientific results. During the analysis of the provisions of Part 3 of Art. 79 of the Russian Criminal Code, regulating the conditions for the application of parole, the authors reveal a number of inaccuracies in the provisions of the criminal law. Such inaccuracies do not allow to unambiguously determine the grounds for parole of persons who have com-mitted crimes against the sexual integrity of minors, as well as persons who have committed grave and especially grave crimes connected with the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors. The content of the prescriptions of clause "g" of Part 3 of Art. 79 of the Russian Criminal Code does not have an exact legislative basis, and the interpretation given by the judicial authorities does not always allow us to exclude the uncertainty of the concepts used.Conclusions. The contradictions were identified by the authors related to the inaccuracy of the legislative prescriptions used in determining some conditions for the application of pa-role. The authors conclude the need to amend the criminal law and formulated proposals that clarify the wording of Art. 79 of the Russian Criminal Code. Such corrections will eliminate the duality of understanding of certain conditions of parole and increase the effectiveness of law enforcement practice in this area.В процессе анализа положений ч. 3 ст. 79 Уголовного кодекса РФ, регламентирующей условия применения условно-досрочного освобождения, выявляется ряд неточностей в предписаниях уголовного закона, которые не позволяют однозначно определить основания условно-досрочного освобождения лиц, совершивших преступления против половой неприкосновенности несовершеннолетних, а также лиц, совершивших тяжкие и особо тяжкие преступления, связанные с незаконным оборотом наркотических средств, психотропных веществ и их прекурсоров. Содержание предписаний п. «г» ч. 3 ст. 79 Уголовного кодекса РФ не имеет точного законодательного закрепления, а толкование, даваемое судебными органами, не всегда позволяет исключить неопределенность используемых понятий. На основании анализа различных нормативных правовых актов, актов судебного толкования и положений доктрины уголовного права предлагается скорректировать предписания Уголовного кодекса РФ и закрепить содержание используемых в уголовном законе понятий

Formalization of hydrocarbon conversion scheme of catalytic cracking for mathematical model development

The issue of improving the energy and resource efficiency of advanced petroleum processing can be solved by the development of adequate mathematical model based on physical and chemical regularities of process reactions with a high predictive potential in the advanced petroleum refining. In this work, the development of formalized hydrocarbon conversion scheme of catalytic cracking was performed using thermodynamic parameters of reaction defined by the Density Functional Theory. The list of reaction was compiled according to the results of feedstock structural-group composition definition, which was done by the n-d-m-method, the Hazelvuda method, qualitative composition of feedstock defined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and individual composition of catalytic cracking gasoline fraction. Formalized hydrocarbon conversion scheme of catalytic cracking will become the basis for the development of the catalytic cracking kinetic model

Effect of a coating deposited on foam glass on the ability to absorb high-frequency electromagnetic radiation

The effect of a modified coating, deposited on the surface of foam glass, on the ability to absorb electromagnetic radiation in the high frequency range was studied. It was established that a coating obtained on the basis of a liquid glass composition with ilmenite with 3 μm particles improves the radio absorption characteristics of the foam glass. For 1.5% ilmenite concentration in the coating composition the absorption coefficient of foam glass increases four-fold at 120 GHz and two-fold at 260 GHz compared with uncoated foam glass