Behavioral effects of chronic administration of supraphysiological doses of androgenic anabolic steroids and program of exercise protocol in rats

Uvod: U ovoj studiji su ispitivani bihevioralni efekti hronične primene suprafizioloških doza androgenih anaboličkih steroida (AAS) i programiranog trenažnog procesa kod pacova. Materijal i metode: Studija je sprovedena na 64 pacova Wistar albino soja, starosti 3 meseca, telesne mase 350-400 g, podeljenih u 6 grupa: kontrolna, grupa sa vežbanjem (V), nandrolon-dekanoat grupa (ND), kombinovana grupa za ND, testosteron-enantat grupa (TE) i kombinovana grupa za TE (V+TE). AAS su primenjivani u dozi od 20 mg/kg nedeljno, dok je protokol fizičke aktivnosti sprovođen u formi jednosatnog plivanja (5 dana nedeljno). Protokoli su trajali po šest nedelja, nakon čega su vršeni bihevioralni testovi, a potom su životinje žrtvovane u cilju dobijanja uzoraka za serološke i histološke analize. Rezultati: Rezultati bihevioralnog ispitivanja su pokazali da AAS dovode do ispoljavanje anksiogenog i prodepresantnog efekta, uz smanjenje kognitivnih funkcija i tolerancije bola. Hronični protokol fizičke aktivnosti je dovodio do suprotnih bihevioralnih manifestacija. Svi primenjeni protokoli su dovodili do povećanja serumskih koncentracija polnih hormona. Suprafiziološke doze AAS su uzrokovale smanjenje broja parvalbumin pozitivnih interneurona i povećanje broja receptora za androgene hormone u hipokampusu. Fizička aktivnost je dovodila do povećanja parvalbumin pozitivnih interneurona i estrogen α receptora, uz smanjenje receptora za androgene hormone u hipokampusu. Parametri za procenu oksidativnog oštećenja u tkivu hipokampusa su se povećavali nakon tretmana AAS i smanjivali nakon protokola fizičke aktivnosti. Zaključak: Anksiogeni i prodepresantni efekat, uz smanjenje kognitivnih funkcija, nakon primene suprafizioloških doza AAS je bio povezan sa smanjenjem broja parvalbumin pozitivnih interneurona i povećanjem broja receptora za androgene hormone u hipokampusu. Suprotni bihevioralni efekti dobijeni nakon hroničnog trenažnog procesa su bili udruženi sa istovremenim smanjenjem broja androgenih i povećanjem broja estrogen α receptora, uz značajno povećanje broja parvalbumin pozitivnih interneurona u hipokampusu.Introduction: In this study we evaluated behavioral effects of chronic administration of supraphysiological doses of androgenic anabolic steroids (AASs) and program of exercise protocol in rats. Material and methods: The study was performed on 64 Wistar albino rats, 3 months old, weighting 350-400 g, divided into 6 groups: control, exercise group (E), nandrolon-decanoate group (ND), combined group for ND, testosterone-enanthate group (TE), and combined group for TE. AASs were administered in a dose of 20 mg/kg weekly, exercise protocol was performed by means of 1 hour of swimming (5 days per week). All protocols lasted for six weeks, and were followed by behavioral testing, and then the animals were sacrificed in order to obtain the samples for serological and histological analyses. Results: The results of behavioral testing showed AASs-induced anxiogenic and prodepressant effect accompained with decline of cognitive functions and pain tolerance. Chronic exercise protocol resulted in the opposite behavioral manifestations. All applied protocols resulted in increase in sex hormones serum levels. Supraphysiological doses of AASs induced decrease the number of parvalbumin positive interneurons and increase in number of androgen receptors in hippocampus. Exercise protocol resulted in increased number of parvalbumin positive interneurons and estrogen α receptors, accompanied with decreased number of androgen receptors in hippocampus. Parameters for evaluation of oxidative damage in hippocampal tissue were elevated following AASs treatment, and decrease after exercise protocol. Conclusion: Anxiogenic and prodepressant effect, with decline in cognitive functions, following administration of supraphysiological doses of AASs was accompained with decreased number of parvalbumin positive interneurons and increased number of androgen receptors in hippocampus. The opposite behavioral effects achieved following exercise protocol were accompained with simultaneous decline in number of androgen and increase in number of estrogen α receptors, with significant augmentation of parvalbumin positive interneurons number in hippocampus

Prestižne inbred linije kukuruza sa uspravnim položajem vršnih listova - prioritetno svojstvo efikasnog fotosintetičnog modela u oplemenjivanju

This study conforms the hypothesis that there are elite maize inbred lines with erect top leaves that have a property of an efficient photosynthetic model and that as such are successfully used in the processes of breeding in which the number of plants is increased per area unit (plant density). This proof was established by the application of non- invasive photosynthetic-fluorescence method suitable for the evaluation of the efficiency of the photosynthetic model. The obtained photosynthetic and fluorescence properties of observed prestigious maize inbred lines with the erect top leaves are based on the effects and the nature of changes in chlorophyll fluorescence occurring in their thylakoid membranes. Their principal parameters are temperature dependence of the chlorophyll delayed fluorescence intensity, the Arrhenius plot for the determination of the phase transition in thylakoid membranes and the estimated activation energies. The displayed results on the size of an angle between the direction of the propagation of the above-ear leaf and the direction of the stalk propagation, as well as, results on the dynamics of grain dry-down during the maturation period, additionally indicate that traits of observed maize inbred lines with erect top leaves are the prominent base for more exact, rational and faster proceeding of current processes of breeding.Proučavane su tri prestižne inbred linije kukuruza sa uspravnim položajem vršnih listova: ZPPL 16, ZPPL 218, ZPPL 62. Ove linije su, bilo kao majka, bilo kao otac uključene u stvaranju više od 45 hibrida kukuruza. Međutim, u ovom srednjeročnom periodu, široku komercijalnu primenu ima više od deset hibrida kukuruza: ZP-341, ZP-360, ZP-434, ZP-578, ZP-606, ZP-677, ZP-684 i drugi.Ovim radom potvrđena je hipoteza da elitne inbred linije kukuruza sa uspravnim položajem vršnih listova imaju svojstvo efikasnog fotosintetičnog modela i da se, kao takve, u procesu oplemenjivanja uspešno koriste pri povećavanju broja biljaka na jedinici površine (gustina biljaka). Ovaj dokaz ostvaren je uz primenu neinvazivnog fotosintetično-fluorescentnog metoda pogodnog za ocenu efikasnosti foto modela. Dobijene fotosintetične karakteristike proučavanih prestižnih inbred linija kukuruza sa uspravnim položajem vršnih listova zasnovane su na efektima i prirodi promena zakasnele fluorescencije hlorofila koje se odigravaju u njihovim tilakoidnim membranama. Njihovi glavni pokazatelji su temperaturna zavisnost intenziteta zakasnele fluorescencije hlorofila, Arrhenijusov kriterijum za utvrđivanje faznih prelaza u tilakoidnim membranama i energije aktivacije. Izloženi rezultati o veličini ugla između pravca prostiranja prvog lista iznad klipa i pravca prostiranja stabljike, kao i rezultati o dinamici otpuštanja vode iz zrna u periodu njegovog sazrevanja dodatno pokazuju da su svojstva proučavanih inbred linija kukuruza sa uspravnim položajem vršnih listova prestižna osnova za egzaktija, racionalnija i brža odvijanja savremenih procesa oplemenjivanja

Aktuelna prestižna svojstva samooplodnih linija kukuruza - dobra polazna osnova za efikasno kreiranje novih i rodnih hibrida kukuruza

This study conforms our hypothesis that there are elite maize inbred lines, which can be considered actual and prestigious as they have not only a property of the water status and a greater grain dry down rate during the maturation period, but also a property of the efficient photosynthetic-fluorescence model that is successfully used in the contemporary processes of breeding, and thereby in the development of new and yielding maize hybrids. Presented results obtained on the dynamics of grain dry down during the maturation period and on photosynthetic-fluorescence parameters (temperature dependence of the chlorophyll delayed fluorescence intensity, the Arrhenius plot for the determination of critical temperatures, i.e. phase transition temperatures and the activation energy) show that properties of the observed inbreeds are based on effects and nature of conformational and functional changes occurring in their thylakoid membranes and other chemical structures of grain tissues. Summarized results of studies on actual and prestigious properties of maize inbreeds will contribute to more exact, rational and expeditious proceedings of contemporary processes of breeding.Idejom za ovaj rad potvrđuje se naša hipoteza da postoje elitne linije kukuruza koje se smatraju aktuelnim i prestižnim i koje poseduju, kako svojstvo stanja vode i njenog bržeg otpuštanja iz zrna u periodu sazrevanja, tako i svojstvo efikasnog fotosintetično-fluorescentnog modela, koji se uspešno koristi u savremenim procesima oplemenjivanja, a time i za stvaranje novih i rodnijih hibrida kukuruza. Izloženi rezultati o dinamici otpuštanja vode iz zrna u periodu sazrevanja i o fotosintetično-fluorescentnim pokazateljima: teperaturnoj zavisnosti intenziteta zakasnele fluorescencije hlorofila, Arrhenijus-ovim kriterijumom za određivanje kritičnih temperatura i energija aktivacije, pokazuju da su svojstva proučavanih linija zasnovana na efektima i prirodi strukturnih i funkcionalnih promena koje se odigravaju u njihovim tilakoidnim membranama i drugim hemijskim strukturama tkiva zrna. Sumarni rezultati proučavanja aktuelnih i prestižnih svojstava linija kukuruza doprineće egzaktnijem, racionalnijem i bržem odvijanju savremenih procesa oplemenjivanja

Supplementary data for article: Selaković, Ž.; Tran, J. P.; Kota, K. P.; Lazić, M.; Retterer, C.; Besh, R.; Panchal, R. G.; Soloveva, V.; Sean, V. A.; Jay, W. B.; et al. Second Generation of Diazachrysenes: Protection of Ebola Virus Infected Mice and Mechanism of Action. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2019, 162, 32–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.061

Supplementary material for: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0223523418309383?via%3Dihub]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/360]Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2966

Second Generation Steroidal 4-Aminoquinolines Are Potent, Dual-Target Inhibitors of the Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A Metalloprotease and P. falciparum Malaria

Significantly more potent second generation 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline (4,7-ACQ) based inhibitors of the botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) light chain were synthesized. Introducing an amino group at the C(3) position of the cholate component markedly increased potency (IC50 values for such derivatives ranged from 0.81 to 2.27 mu M). Two additional subclasses were prepared: bis(steroidal)-4,7-ACQ derivatives and bis(4,7-ACQ)cholate derivatives; both classes provided inhibitors with nanomolar-range potencies (e.g., the K-i of compound 67 is 0.10 mu M). During BoNT/A challenge using primary neurons, select derivatives protected SNAP-25 by up to 89%. Docking simulations were performed to rationalize the compounds' in vitro potencies. In addition to specific residue contacts, coordination of the enzyme's catalytic zinc and expulsion of the enzyme's catalytic water were a consistent theme. With respect to antimalarial activity, the compounds provided better IC90 activities against chloroquine resistant (CQR) malaria than CQ, and seven compounds were more active than mefloquine against CQR strain W2

Behavioral effects of chronic administration of supraphysiological doses of androgenic anabolic steroids and program of exercise protocol in rats

Uvod: U ovoj studiji su ispitivani bihevioralni efekti hronične primene suprafizioloških doza androgenih anaboličkih steroida (AAS) i programiranog trenažnog procesa kod pacova. Materijal i metode: Studija je sprovedena na 64 pacova Wistar albino soja, starosti 3 meseca, telesne mase 350-400 g, podeljenih u 6 grupa: kontrolna, grupa sa vežbanjem (V), nandrolon-dekanoat grupa (ND), kombinovana grupa za ND, testosteron-enantat grupa (TE) i kombinovana grupa za TE (V+TE). AAS su primenjivani u dozi od 20 mg/kg nedeljno, dok je protokol fizičke aktivnosti sprovođen u formi jednosatnog plivanja (5 dana nedeljno). Protokoli su trajali po šest nedelja, nakon čega su vršeni bihevioralni testovi, a potom su životinje žrtvovane u cilju dobijanja uzoraka za serološke i histološke analize. Rezultati: Rezultati bihevioralnog ispitivanja su pokazali da AAS dovode do ispoljavanje anksiogenog i prodepresantnog efekta, uz smanjenje kognitivnih funkcija i tolerancije bola. Hronični protokol fizičke aktivnosti je dovodio do suprotnih bihevioralnih manifestacija. Svi primenjeni protokoli su dovodili do povećanja serumskih koncentracija polnih hormona. Suprafiziološke doze AAS su uzrokovale smanjenje broja parvalbumin pozitivnih interneurona i povećanje broja receptora za androgene hormone u hipokampusu. Fizička aktivnost je dovodila do povećanja parvalbumin pozitivnih interneurona i estrogen α receptora, uz smanjenje receptora za androgene hormone u hipokampusu. Parametri za procenu oksidativnog oštećenja u tkivu hipokampusa su se povećavali nakon tretmana AAS i smanjivali nakon protokola fizičke aktivnosti. Zaključak: Anksiogeni i prodepresantni efekat, uz smanjenje kognitivnih funkcija, nakon primene suprafizioloških doza AAS je bio povezan sa smanjenjem broja parvalbumin pozitivnih interneurona i povećanjem broja receptora za androgene hormone u hipokampusu. Suprotni bihevioralni efekti dobijeni nakon hroničnog trenažnog procesa su bili udruženi sa istovremenim smanjenjem broja androgenih i povećanjem broja estrogen α receptora, uz značajno povećanje broja parvalbumin pozitivnih interneurona u hipokampusu.Introduction: In this study we evaluated behavioral effects of chronic administration of supraphysiological doses of androgenic anabolic steroids (AASs) and program of exercise protocol in rats. Material and methods: The study was performed on 64 Wistar albino rats, 3 months old, weighting 350-400 g, divided into 6 groups: control, exercise group (E), nandrolon-decanoate group (ND), combined group for ND, testosterone-enanthate group (TE), and combined group for TE. AASs were administered in a dose of 20 mg/kg weekly, exercise protocol was performed by means of 1 hour of swimming (5 days per week). All protocols lasted for six weeks, and were followed by behavioral testing, and then the animals were sacrificed in order to obtain the samples for serological and histological analyses. Results: The results of behavioral testing showed AASs-induced anxiogenic and prodepressant effect accompained with decline of cognitive functions and pain tolerance. Chronic exercise protocol resulted in the opposite behavioral manifestations. All applied protocols resulted in increase in sex hormones serum levels. Supraphysiological doses of AASs induced decrease the number of parvalbumin positive interneurons and increase in number of androgen receptors in hippocampus. Exercise protocol resulted in increased number of parvalbumin positive interneurons and estrogen α receptors, accompanied with decreased number of androgen receptors in hippocampus. Parameters for evaluation of oxidative damage in hippocampal tissue were elevated following AASs treatment, and decrease after exercise protocol. Conclusion: Anxiogenic and prodepressant effect, with decline in cognitive functions, following administration of supraphysiological doses of AASs was accompained with decreased number of parvalbumin positive interneurons and increased number of androgen receptors in hippocampus. The opposite behavioral effects achieved following exercise protocol were accompained with simultaneous decline in number of androgen and increase in number of estrogen α receptors, with significant augmentation of parvalbumin positive interneurons number in hippocampus

Linking Ecology and Epidemiology : The Case of Infected Resource

Interspecific interactions in ecological communities are the main mechanisms that determine structure, functioning, and stability of ecosystems (May, 1972, 1973; Neutel et al., 2002; Alessina and Tang, 2012; Mougi and Kondoh, 2012, 2014). These interactions can be qualitatively positive, negative, or neutral, and pairs of these interactions between two species may be of opposite sign (e.g., trophic, parasitic) or of equivalent sign (e.g., mutualistic, competitive). Most of the research on ecological interactions has focused on feeding relations (Odum, 1971; Pimm, 1982; Levin et al., 2009; McCann, 2011; Moore and de Ruiter, 2012), but in recent studies of ecological communities this was extended to parasitic (Huxham et al., 1995; Thompson et al., 2004; Lafferty et al., 2006; Kuris et al., 2008) and non-parasitic non-trophic relations (Thebault and Fountaine, 2010; Fontaine et al., 2011; Kéfi et al., 2012; Mougi and Kondoh, 2012; Sauve et al., 2014). In this chapter, we focus on parasitic relations and notably on the question of how trophic interactions and infectious agents mutually influence each other. Here we will refer to the combined classes of infectious species as parasites (see next section for details). The impact of parasites in an ecological community can be quantified through their direct influence on the food-web structure, as well as more indirectly through the way they influence physiological traits of host species and trophic relations of the host and non-host species (Kéfi et al., 2012; Selakovic et al., 2014). In this chapter we first briefly discuss the diversity of parasitic interactions, their relationships with host and non-host species, as well as their effects on a simple consumer–resource relationship consisting of one host and one non-host species. The largest part of the chapter is devoted to exploring a basic model, to show how intricately ecological and epidemiological effects are interwoven, even in the simplest possible ecosystem consisting of two species. Even though this model is basic in the sense that it is low dimensional and not meant to realistically represent any particular system, the analysis does hint at broader ecological insight, for example into possible differences between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems based on parasitic interaction. The simple analysis highlights the need to study the link between ecology and infectious disease epidemiology in more realistic models

Comparison of efficacy of local hemostatic modalities in anticoagulated patients undergoing tooth extractions

Background/Aim. Patients receiving long-term oral anticoagulant therapy pose a clinical challenge during invasive dental procedures. The goal of this study was to compare different local hemostatic modalities after tooth extraction in patients receiving chronic Vitamin-K antagonist therapy. Methods. Totally 90 patients with International Normalized Ratio (INR) ≤ 3.0 requiring simple extraction of one or two teeth were randomized into three groups, 30 patients in each group. The patients with the mean INR value of 2.35 ± 0.37, in whom extraction wound was sutured comprised the group A. In the group B with the mean INR of 2.43 ± 0.4, local hemostasis was achieved by placing absorbable gelatin sponges into the wound without suturing. The group C consisted of the patients with the mean INR of 2.36 ± 0.34 in whom neither gelatin sponge nor suturing were used for providing local hemostasis. Bleeding was registered as an event if other than initial hemostatic measure was needed or additional oral surgeon intervention required. Results. The obtainded results show that 1 (3.3%) patient in the group A, 2 (6.7%) patients in the groups B and C manifested post-extraction bleeding. All cases of hemorrhage were easily solved with local hemostatic measures and all, except one case, were registered in the first two hours after the procedure until the dismissal. A difference between the groups was not statistically significant (χ2 = .42, p > 0.05). Conclusion. In therapeutically anticoagulated patients tooth extractions can be safely performed without altering the dose of anticoagulant medication if efficient local hemostasis is provided. In most cases, in patients with INR ≤ 3.0 after extraction of one or two teeth postoperative bleeding can be controlled with local pressure, without any additional local hemostatic measures

Genomic instability in non-small cell lung cancer assessed by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction

nul

Effects of quantity and layers number of low trans margarines on puff pastry quality

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of puff pastry margarine with reduced content of trans isomers in production of puff pastry with enhanced nutritional value. Experiments were carried out on the basis of 32 factorial design, wherein the independent variables were the amount of puff pastry margarines (30, 40 and 50%, on flour weight) and number of margarine layers formed during the dough processing (108, 144, and 256). In order to determine the optimum values of independent parameters, the study was focused on defining of relevant qualitative indicators of the final product. By investigation of influence of the type of puff pastry margarine (ML1 and ML2) on the quality of puff pastry, it was determined that physico-chemical properties of margarine ML1 were not optimal for puff pastry production. Margarine ML1 had lower hardness by 50-60%, lower SFC by 20-35% and worse thermal characteristics compared to margarine ML2. Only by application of the maximum amount of margarine ML1 and 144 margarine layers a satisfactory quality of puff pastry was obtained: the lift of 2.89, hardness of 17.7 kgs, volume 83.6 cm3 and the total number of points of 14.8. Because of its better technological characteristics, margarine ML2 is favorable for making puff pastry. Significantly better physical properties and excellent pastry quality was obtained in samples with margarine ML2 in an amount of 50% of margarine and 256 layers: higher lift by 45%, volume by 25% and the total number of points by about 20% compared to sample ML1 with the best quality