17 research outputs found
‘Diagrams of Motion’:Stop-Motion Animation as a Form of Kinetic Sculpture in the Short Films of Jan Švankmajer and the Brothers Quay
Transition to practice: can rural interprofessional education make a difference? A cohort study
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Results of the 2011 UIS pilot data collection of innovation statistics
The relationship between innovation and economic development is widely acknowledged. Innovation is a key element in the growth of output and productivity, and therefore crucial for poverty alleviation. While research and experimental development (R&D) plays a vital role in the innovation process, many of the related activities rely on highly-skilled workers, interactions with other firms and public research institutions, as well as an organizational structure that is conducive to learning and exploiting knowledge.
These factors should be taken into account by policymakers. To this end, data are required to better understand innovation and its relation to economic growth, as well as to provide indicators for benchmarking national performance.
Over the last few decades, work has been undertaken to establish analytical frameworks and guidelines for innovation studies. Efforts to standardize innovation definitions and indicators came to the forefront with the publication of the first version of the Oslo Manual (OM) by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1992. The manual pushed the measurement of innovation as a process, fostering the collection of comparable innovation indicators since its first edition. The UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) is striving to increase the availability of timely, accurate and policy-relevant statistics in the field of science, technology and innovation (STI) through the development of a database of cross-nationally comparable innovation statistics. To this end, the UIS launched a pilot data collection of innovation statistics in 2011 in order to prepare for the global data collection which will be launched in 2013. The pilot data collection was based on the definitions of the third edition of the Oslo Manual, covering four types of innovation in the business sector. Data were collected for manufacturing, services and total economic activities covered by each national innovation survey. However, this report focuses exclusively on cross-nationally comparable data for the manufacturing industry. It should be noted that there are certain limitations in comparisons between countries due to differences in the methodological procedures of the national innovation surveys. The pilot data collection sought to gather aggregate data from the most recent national innovation surveys in 19 selected countries. Countries were asked to complete the pilot questionnaire using grossed up 2 results of their national innovation surveys. The following 12 countries participated in the pilot data collection: Brazil, China, Colombia, Egypt, Ghana, Indonesia, Israel, Malaysia, the Philippines, the Russian Federation, South Africa and Uruguay. Eurostat has led the way in sustaining the production of internationally comparable data on innovation in enterprises through its Community Innovation Surveys (CIS). Based on the CIS, Eurostat produces innovation statistics for member states and candidate countries of the European Union, Iceland and Norway, which are frequently used for comparison in national innovation survey reports. Therefore, in order to enhance interpretation of the UIS pilot results, whenever possible, this paper compares the data collected with Eurostat's CIS3 results from 2006 and 2008.
Environmental, Social and Governance Performance of Companies: The Empirical Research on Their Willingness to Disclose Information
The Impact of Economic Fluctuations on Company Results
The influence of economic environment on companies and their activity results are investigated in this article. The analysis of Lithuanian and foreign literature showed that impact of the changes of economic situation on company results has been very poorly explored. The company bankruptcy valuation question is more popular among researchers, but we think, that the tasks to identify the circumstances that warn about the changes of company results in advance, to adapt the company to new business conditions and to block the way to bankruptcy are more important. The aim of this article is to define how the changes of economic situation in the state influence the results of Lithuanian companies and their bankruptcy risk. The general data that include all sectors and all companies in this country are used in this research. The correlation analysis and regression analysis are used in order to establish the relation between company results and the changes in economic situation that are reflected by the changes of general domestic product (GDP). The investigation of the relationship between companies' results and the changes of GDP showed that the number of companies and the number of bankruptcies in the state are directly dependent on the changes of GDP in a year. The authors showed that there is strong linear dependence between the changes of GDP and the main financial ratios of the company: the changes in sales, changes in gross profit and various profitability ratios. The results showed that changes of GDP influence Z value of Altman model that reflect the bankruptcy risk of the companies