Long spin coherence times in the ground state and an optically excited state of 167^{167}Er3+^{3+}:Y2_2SiO5_5 at zero magnetic field

Spins in solids are an ideal candidate to act as a memory and interface with superconducting qubits due to their long coherence times. We spectroscopically investigate erbium-167-doped yttrium orthosilicate as a possible microwave-addressed memory employing its microwave frequency transitions that occur without applying an external magnetic field. We obtain coherence times of 380 $\mu$s in a ground state spin transition and 1.48 ms in an excited state spin transition. This is 28 times longer compared to previous zero field measurements, as well as 200 times longer than a previous microwave memory demonstration in the same material. These long coherence times show that erbium-167-doped yttrium orthosilicate has potential as a microwave-addressed quantum memory.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures. The paper has been expanded compared to the previous version on arXiv, and the title has change

Extending Phenomenological Crystal-Field Methods to C1C_1 Point-Group Symmetry: Characterization of the Optically-Excited Hyperfine Structure of 167^{167}Er3+^{3+}:Y2_2SiO5_5

We show that crystal-field calculations for $C_1$ point-group symmetry are possible, and that such calculations can be performed with sufficient accuracy to have substantial utility for rare-earth based quantum information applications. In particular, we perform crystal-field fitting for a C$_1$-symmetry site in $^{167}$Er$^{3+}$:Y$_2$SiO$_5$. The calculation simultaneously includes site-selective spectroscopic data up to 20,000 cm$^{-1}$, rotational Zeeman data, and ground- and excited-state hyperfine structure determined from high-resolution Raman-heterodyne spectroscopy on the 1.5 $\mu$m telecom transition. We achieve an agreement of better than 50 MHz for assigned hyperfine transitions. The success of this analysis opens the possibility of systematically evaluating the coherence properties, as well as transition energies and intensities, of any rare-earth ion doped into Y$_2$SiO$_5$ .Comment: 6 pages, plus 5 pages in supplementary information, 4 figures tota

Broiler meat quality: Proteins and lipids of muscle tissue

Proteins and lipids of muscle tissue are important meat quality parameters. They contribute substantially to the nutritional characteristics of meat. A number of studies has been conducted on the effect of different factors on the protein and lipid content of broiler meat. Given the above, the subjectmatter of the present paper was to provide a review of latest research results on the said quality traits as affected by the most commonly tested factors. The results were grouped and presented in terms of the effect of nutrition, genotype, sex, age and rearing system. The objective of the paper was to review major previous studies on the subject in an attempt to define a future research pathway and facilitate the promotion of scientific findings towards wider practical implementation.Keywords: Broilers, meat quality, proteins, lipid

Long-distance multiplexed quantum teleportation from a telecom photon to a solid-state qubit

Quantum teleportation is an essential capability for quantum networks, allowing the transmission of quantum bits (qubits) without a direct exchange of quantum information. Its implementation between distant parties requires teleportation of the quantum information to matter qubits that store it for long enough to allow users to perform further processing. Here we demonstrate long distance quantum teleportation from a photonic qubit at telecom wavelength to a matter qubit, stored as a collective excitation in a solid-state quantum memory. Our system encompasses an active feed-forward scheme, implementing a phase shift on the qubit retrieved from the memory, therefore completing the protocol. Moreover, our approach is time-multiplexed, allowing for an increase in the teleportation rate, and is directly compatible with the deployed telecommunication networks, two key features for its scalability and practical implementation, that will play a pivotal role in the development of long-distance quantum communication

Entanglement between a telecom photon and an on-demand multimode solid-state quantum memory

Entanglement between photons at telecommunication wavelengths and long-lived quantum memories is one of the fundamental requirements of long-distance quantum communication. Quantum memories featuring on-demand read-out and multimode operation are additional precious assets that will benefit the communication rate. In this work we report the first demonstration of entanglement between a telecom photon and a collective spin excitation in a multimode solid-state quantum memory. Photon pairs are generated through widely non-degenerate parametric down-conversion, featuring energy-time entanglement between the telecom-wavelength idler and a visible signal photon. The latter is stored in a Pr$^{3+}$:Y$_2$SiO$_5$ crystal as a spin wave using the full Atomic Frequency Comb scheme. We then recall the stored signal photon and analyze the entanglement using the Franson scheme. We measure conditional fidelities of $92(2)\%$ for excited-state storage, enough to violate a CHSH inequality, and $77(2)\%$ for spin-wave storage. Taking advantage of the on-demand read-out from the spin state, we extend the entanglement storage in the quantum memory for up to 47.7~$\mu$s, which could allow for the distribution of entanglement between quantum nodes separated by distances of up to 10 km

Efekat dodavanja enzima proteaze na masu i udeo jestivih pratećih proizvoda klanja pilića

This study evaluates the effect of protease supplementation of reduced crude protein diet for broilers on the weight of edible slaughter by-products (liver, gizzard, heart and abdominal fat) and their proportion in the body weight of birds at slaughter in two broiler genotypes – fast-growing Cobb 500 and slow-growing Master Gris. Protease (Ronozyme ProAct) was added at a concentration of 0.2% (E-I group) and 0.3% (E-II group), allowing reduction in crude protein level by 4% and 6%, respectively (through reduced soybean meal content). The length of the fattening period was 49 days. The results show somewhat greater differences in the weight and proportion of edible slaughter by-products between the hybrids and a similar response to dietary treatments by broilers from the three experimental groups in both hybrids, given their similar weights of edible slaughter by-products (heart, gizzard and abdominal fat) and their proportions in the body weight of birds at slaughter (significance was observed only in liver weight in Cobb 500 - P<0.05).U radu su analizirani efekti dodavanja enzima proteaze u hranu za piliće u tovu, uz smanjen nivo sirovih proteina, na masu jestivih pratećih proizvoda klanja (jetre, bubca, srca i abdominalne masti) i njihov udeo u masi grla pre klanja kod dva tovna hibrida – brzorastućeg Cobb 500 i spororastućeg Master Gris. Enzim proteaza (Ronozyme ProAct) dodat je u koncentraciji 0,2% (O-I grupa) i 0,3% (O-II grupa) uz istovremeno smanjenje sadržaja sirovih proteina za 4%, odnosno za 6% (preko smanjenog učešća sojine sačme). Tov pilića trajao je 49 dana. Na osnovu rezultata iz ovih istraživanja, može se zaključiti da su se nešto veće razlike u masi i udelu jestivih pratećih proizvoda klanja ispoljile između ispitivanih hibrida, a da su pilići iz sve tri ogledne grupe kod oba hibrida slično reagovali na primenjene tretmane ishrane, shodno tome da su imali približno iste mase jestivih pratećih proizvoda klanja (srca, bubca i abdominalne masti), kao i udele svih delova u masi grla pre klanja (značajnost se pojavila samo u masi jetre kod hibrida Cobb 500 - P<0,05)

Uticaj minazela plus na proizvodne rezultate i ekonomicnost tova junica

This paper presents the effects of the Minazel Plus zeolite product on the production performance – body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion, and economic performance of heifers in a fattening trial. The trial involved 22 female domestic spotted Simmental calves allocated to two groups (control C - ration without zeolite, and experimental E-I – ration with 0.2% Minazel Plus), each containing 11 calves with an average body weight of 139.09 kg at the beginning of the trial. The length of the trial period was 283 days. Ration included meadow hay and complete feed. Minazel Plus supplementation was provided through the feed concentrate. The trial involved measurement of body weights of heifers and feed consumption across groups at 31, 61, 91, 121, 151 and 283 days of the trial. Results showed that, at the end of the trial, control heifers had an average body weight of 432.73 kg/calf and concentrate feed conversion of 5.234 kg/kg weight gain, whereas the respective values in E-I heifers were 435.91 kg/calf and 5.179 kg/kg weight gain. The cost of the weight gain produced was higher by 0.33% (0.31 RSD/kg) in C calves than in E-I heifers, whereas the economic performance of the experimental animals receiving diet with Minazel Plus (0.2%) was higher by 0.29%.U radu su prikazani efekti zeolitskog preparata Minazel Plus na proizvodne rezultate –telesnu masu, konzumaciju i konverziju hrane i ekonomičnost tova ženske junadi u tovu. U ogledu je bilo 22 ženske teladi domaće šarene rase u tipu simentalca, podeljih u dve grupe (K grupa, obrok bez zeolitskog preparata i O-I grupa hranjena obrokom sa 0,2% Minazela Plus) sa po 11 grla u grupi, prosečne telesne mase na početku ogleda 139,09kg. Ogled je trajao 283 dana. Obrok je bio sastavljen od livadskog sena i potpune smeše, a Minazel Plus je dodavan preko koncentrovanog dela obroka. U toku ogleda merene su telesne mase junica i konzumacija hrane po grupama 31-og, 61-og, 91-og, 121-og, 150-og i na kraju ogleda - 283 dana. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da su junice iz kontrolne grupe na kraju ogleda imale prosečnu masu 432,73 kg/grlu i konverziju koncentrovane hrane 5,234 kg/kg prirasta, a grla iz O-I grupe prosečnu masu 435,91 kg/grlu i konverziju koncentrovane hrane 5,179 kg/kg prirasta. Cena koštanja proizvedenog prirasta bila je veća za 0,33% (0,31din/kg) kod K grupe u odnosu na O-I grupu, a u pogledu ekonomičnosti proizvodnje, ogledna grupa koja je obrokom dobijala Minazel-Plus (0,2%) imala je ekonomičniju proizvodnju za 0,29%

Reproductive biology traits affecting productivity of sour cherry

The objective of this work was to evaluate variability in reproductive biology traits and the correlation between them in genotypes of 'Oblacinska' sour cherry (Prunus cerasus). High genetic diversity was found in the 41 evaluated genotypes, and significant differences were observed among them for all studied traits: flowering time, pollen germination, number of fruiting branches, production of flower and fruit, number of flowers per bud, fruit set, and limb yield efficiency. The number of fruiting branches significantly influenced the number of flower and fruit, fruit set, and yield efficiency. In addition to number of fruiting branches, yield efficiency was positively correlated with fruit set and production of flower and fruit. Results from principal component analysis suggested a reduction of the reproductive biology factors affecting yield to four main characters: number and structure of fruiting branches, flowering time, and pollen germination. Knowledge of the reproductive biology of the 'Oblacinska' genotypes can be used to select the appropriate ones to be grown or used as parents in breeding programs. In this sense, genotypes II/2, III/9, III/13, and III/14 have very good flower production and satisfactory pollen germination

NONTRIVIAL VARIATIONS OF MORPHO-ANATOMICAL LEAF TRAITS IN NATURAL SOUTH-EASTERN POPULATIONS OF VACCINIUM SPECIES FROM CENTRAL BALKANS

Morpho-anatomical characteristics of Vaccinium myrtillus, V. uliginosum and V. vitis-idaea leaves from several sites of the Central Balkans were examined. The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time morpho-anatomical leaf traits of these species in the studied populations and to identify traits that follow a specific trend along the gradients of climate factors. Leaf traits that discriminate Vaccinium species were as follows: Depth of the adaxial cuticule (AdC), thickness of the palisade tissue (PT), thickness of the spongy tissue (ST), height of the abaxial epidermal cells (AbE), height of the abaxial cuticule (AbC) and leaf thickness (LT). Populations of V. myrtillus were characterized by the smallest, and populations of V. vitis-idaea by the highest values for AdC, PT, ST, AbE and LT. Additionally, AbC was significantly larger for V. uliginosum in comparison to two other species. On the basis of morpho-anatomical traits, intraspecific variability of the studied species was explored by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Cluster Analysis (CA) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). CA based on 10 morpho-anatomical traits showed that populations of V. myrtillus and V. uliginosum that grew at lower altitudes (characterized by higher mean annual temperature) are more similar to each other. Especially V. myrtillus was responsive to the elevational gradient and exhibited the highest plasticity in morpho-anatomical leaf traits. Populations of V. vitis-idaea had a different pattern of differentiation along the elevational gradient. CA showed that the populations at the lowest and at the highest altitudes were more similar according to the morpho-anatomical leaf traits, meaning that evergreen leaves were more resistant to environmental conditions. © Polish Academy of Sciences and Jagiellonian University, Cracow 2021