Experimental Investigation of Lightweight Wall Panel Using Cenosphere Incorporated with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

The secondary form of waste is the major outcome of the various industries. Likewise, Cenosphere and Ground Granulateds Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) are the waste material obtained from thermal power plants and the steel industry. This waste requires a large land area for disposal. In such cases, these can be used in the construction field. This paper investigated the lightweight wall panel made with cenosphere and GGBS as a replacement for cementitious material. Cenosphere was replaced at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% respectively by weight of cement and GGBS was at 15% constant replacement of cement. The properties of wall panels such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption have been studied. The flexural behavior was carried out by inhibition of fiber into the matrix. The samples were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days respectively. The SEM analysis of the cenosphere has been carried out. The results infer an increase in the percentage of cenosphere does not impart strength to the mix. Therefore, 15% of constant replacement of GGBS to the mass of cement stabilize the strength which was lost due to the addition of the cenosphere. On an overall view, it was recommended that the strength loss of mixture due to the addition of the cenosphere can be alleviated by GGBS and nevertheless a secure value of strength can be gained

Numerical Simulation of Projectile Impact on Mild Steel ArmourPlates using LS-DYNA: Part I: Validation

The paper describes  the simulation of impact of jacketed projectiles on steel armour plates usingexplicit finite element analysis as implemented in LS-DYNA. Validation of numerical modelling includesa comprehensive mesh convergence study leading to insights not previously reported in literature,using shell, solid, and axisymmetric elements for representing target plates. It is shown for a numberof cases that with a proper choice of contact algorithm, element size, and strain rate-dependent materialproperties, computed projectile residual velocities can match closely with corresponding test-basedvalues. The modelling requirements are arrived at by correlating against published test residual velocities1for variants of mild steel plates (designated as MS1, MS2 and MS3) of different thicknesses at impactvelocities in the range of ~820-870 m/s. Using the validated numerical procedure, a number of parametricstudies such as the effect of projectile shape and geometric aspect ratios as well as plate thickness onresidual velocity have been carried out and presented in Part II of the current paper

Synthesis and characterization of surface-enhanced Raman-scattered gold nanoparticles

In this paper, we report a simple, rapid, and robust method to synthesize surface-enhanced Raman-scattered gold nanoparticles (GNPs) based on green chemistry. Vitis vinifera L. extract was used to synthesize noncytotoxic Raman-active GNPs. These GNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light-scattering, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The characteristic surface plasmon-resonance band at ~528 nm is indicative of spherical particles, and this was confirmed by TEM. The N–H and C–O stretches in FTIR spectroscopy indicated the presence of protein molecules. The predominant XRD plane at (111) and (200) indicated the crystalline nature and purity of GNPs. GNPs were stable in the buffers used for biological studies, and exhibited no cytotoxicity in noncancerous MIO-M1 (Müller glial) and MDA-MB-453 (breast cancer) cell lines. The GNPs exhibited Raman spectral peaks at 570, 788, and 1,102 cm-1. These new GNPs have potential applications in cancer diagnosis, therapy, and ultrasensitive biomarker detection

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF SLOPED BUILDING FOR SEISMIC RESPONSES

The structures constructed in mountain areas are most affect to seismic loads in compare to the structures that are construct in plain regions. Buildings on slides not same as other buildings hence they are not same in vertical and horizontal were torsion moments are tends to more collapse when subjected to dynamic force. The columns are situated at base are having unequal heights because of the sliding surface. In this work, performance of two floor slides frame having varying column heights is analyzed for ground motion with different slide angles i.e., 0°,5°,10°and 15°,20°,25°. The analysis are done using software ETABS 2015 by performing a static linear analysis. From the concluded work, it has been found that as the slide angle increases, stiffness of the model increases due to decrease in height of short column and that results in increase of earthquake loads on small column. Therefore proper analysis is required to rectify the defects of various ground slopes

Supplementary Material for: Targeting HMGA2 in Retinoblastoma Cells in vitro Using the Aptamer Strategy

High-mobility group A2 (HMGA2) protein regulates retinoblastoma (RB) cancer cell proliferation. Here, a stable phosphorothioate-modified HMGA2 aptamer was used to block HMGA2 protein function in RB cells. HMGA2-aptamer internalisation in RB cells (Y79, Weri Rb1) and non-neoplastic human retinal cells (MIO-M1) were optimised. Aptamer induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in RB cancer cells (0.25-1.5 µM). Increased expression of <i>TGFβ</i>, <i>SMAD4</i>,<i> CDH1</i>, <i>BAX</i>, <i>CASP 3</i>,<i> PARP </i>mRNA and decreased <i>SNAI1</i>,<i> Bcl2</i> mRNA levels in aptamer-treated RB cells suggests the activation of TGFβ-<i>SMAD4</i>-mediated apoptotic pathway. Synergistic effect with etoposide was observed in aptamer treated RB cells (p value ≤0.05). No significant toxicity was observed in non-neoplastic retinal cells

Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel Material by Gas Nitriding Process

In industries, components must operate under extreme conditions such as high load, speed, temperature and chemical environment. Materials are selected according to commercial availability, cost and their properties such as strength, hardness, etc. AISI 904L is a high-alloy stainless steel with low carbon content, poor surface hardness and wear characteristics. Many engineering failures are caused by fatigue, corrosion, and poor wear resistance, begins at the surface level. This causes cracks in the surface, reducing the material’s life. The surfaces of the materials were subjected to severe thermal, chemical, and shock loads. The selected AISI 904L materials for this work were subjected to gas nitriding process and processed with 3 different time parameters such as 12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours respectively and named as GN1, GN2 and GN3. The treatments were done at a constant temperature of 650°C. Gas nitriding, in comparison to other nitriding processes such as plasma and liquid nitriding, provides good dimensional stability, reduced deformation, and uniform case depth regardless of the size and shape of the specimen. To analyze the wear properties, a pin on a disc machine is used. Finally, metallographic studies were performed by scanning electron microscopy

Discovery of novel tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitriles as histone deacetylase inhibitors

The discovery and development of isoform-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor is a challenging task because of the sequence homology among HDAC enzymes. In the present work, novel tetrahydro benzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile based benzamides were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as HDAC inhibitors. Pharmacophore modeling was our main design strategy, and two novel series of tetrahydro benzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile derivatives with piperidine linker (series 1) and piperazine linker (series 2) were identified as HDAC inhibitors. Among all the synthesised compounds, 9h with 4-(aminomethyl) piperidine linker and 14n with piperazine linker demonstrated good activity against human HDAC1 and HDAC6, respectively. Both the compounds also exhibited good antiproliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines. Both these compounds (9h and 14n) also induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in U937 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Overall, for the first time, this research discovered potent isoform-selective HDAC inhibitors using cyclic linker instead of the aliphatic chain and aromatic ring system, which were reported in known HDAC inhibitors