Cosmetic Toxicity & Its Management - An Ayurvedic Perspective

People in every civilization used cosmetics to protect and embellish their skin, which naturally leads us to conclude that this is a primordial need. The demand of cosmetic products have increased in recent times, resulting in massive production without following any standard guidelines. Many of them contain dangerous ingredients such as Hydroquinone, Talcum, Parabens, Phthalates, Fragrance, Heavy metals like Lead, Arsenic etc. Studies have shown that about 50% skin fairness face creams available in India contain steroids. Due to long term use, it accumulates in the body and can cause irritation, increased susceptibility to infections, Kidney and Liver damage, Reproductive toxicity and Carcinogenicity. In Ayurveda, the concept of Gara Visha can be well incorporate with Cosmetic toxicity. Acarya Susruta mentions about various Gara Visha Adhishtanas and its different manifestations. The widespread use of cosmetic products is increasingly recognized as a public health and social justice issue due to the deleterious health side effects and the potential reinforcement of racial and social inequalities. So this article review the concepts of Cosmetic toxicity in Ayurveda, their prevention and management

Pemanfaatan Citra Quickbird untuk Kajian Hubungan Kesehatan Lingkungan Permukiman dengan Penyakit Chikungunya dan Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kecamatan Umbulharjo, YOGYAKARTA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi kesehatan lingkungan permukiman di Kecamatan Umbulharjo, mengetahui pola sebaran kejadian penyakit demam berdarah dengue dan chikungunya, serta mengetahui hubungan antara parameter kesehatan lingkungan permukiman dengan kejadian penyakit dan angka bebas jentik. Citra Quickbird tahun 2010 digunakan untuk menyadap data kepadatan permukiman, kerapatan pohon pelindung, dan kondisi halaman, sedangkan data pengelolaan air limbah, pembuangan sampah serta kondisi saluran air hujan diperoleh dari lapangan. Data kejadian penyakit dan angka bebas jentik diperoleh dari Puskesmas Umbulharjo I dan II. Penentuan pola sebaran dilakukan dengan metode Average Nearest Neighbour, sedangkan perhitungan korelasi menggunakan metode rank Spearman. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa citra Quickbird memiliki tingkat ketelitian interpretasi sebesar 86.67%, dimana secara umum kondisi permukiman termasuk kelas sedang (56.88%). Pola sebaran penyakit demam berdarah dengue maupun chikungunya termasuk mengelompok, selanjutnya terdapat korelasi yang cukup kuat antara kondisi kesehatan lingkungan dengan keberadaan jentik, dimana kepadatan permukiman, kondisi halaman, serta pengelolaan air limbah merupakan parameter yang berpengaruh besar

Formulation Enhanced Transport of a Soil Applied Herbicide

Because pesticides are applied as formulated particles and the affinity of the active ingredient for the formulation is higher than for the bulk water, we hypothesized that a formulation complex could affect active ingredient transport. Our objectives were to investigate the nature and extent of surfactant-atrazine-clay/oxide surface interactions. When atrazine and an anionic surfactant were dried onto plain or Fe-coated sand and leached, atrazine concentrations in the initial leachate were lower in the Fe-coated sand treatment. This was likely due to an electrostatic attraction between the sand and surfactant. When a nonionic surfactant was used, atrazine concentration in the initial leachate was lower through plain sand. This suggests that the affinity of the nonionic surfactant for the Fe-surface is lower than for the silica surface. Using FTIR spectroscopy we have determined that a nonionic surfactant and atrazine will partition into the interlayer of montmorillonite. Atrazine in the interlayer has important implications for herbicide mass transport. The desorption of atrazine will be diffusion controlled and hence less atrazine should be available for transport. However, should these clays become dispersed, they could act as a suspended, highly mobile phase for the particulate transport of atrazine

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Advances in Ecohydrology for Water Resources Optimization in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas

Conserving water resources is a current challenge that will become increasingly urgent in future due to climate change. The arid and semi-arid areas of the globe are expected to be particularly affected by changes in water availability. Consequently, advances in ecohydrology sciences, i.e., the interplay between ecological and hydrological processes, are necessary to enhance the understanding of the critical zone, optimize water resources’ usage in arid and semi-arid areas, and mitigate climate change. This Special Issue (SI) collected 10 original contributions on sustainable land management and the optimization of water resources in fragile environments that are at elevated risk due to climate change. In this context, the topics mainly concern transpiration, evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge, deep percolation, and related issues. The collection of manuscripts presented in this SI represents knowledge of ecohydrology. It is expected that ecohydrology will have increasing applications in the future. Therefore, it is realistic to assume that efforts to increase environmental sustainability and socio-economic development, with water as a central theme, will have a greater chance of success

Improvement of resveratrol permeation through sublingual mucosa: Chemical permeation enhancers versus spray drying technique to obtain fast-disintegrating sublingual mini-tablets

Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol with several interesting broad-spectrum pharmacological properties. However, it is characterized by poor oral bioavailability, extensive first-pass effect metabolism and low stability. Indeed, RSV could benefit from the advantage of the sublingual route of administration. In this view, RSV attitudes to crossing the porcine sublingual mucosa were evaluated and promoted both by six different chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs) as well as by preparing four innovative fast-disintegrating sublingual mini-tablets by spray drying followed by direct compression. Since RSV by itself exhibits a low permeation aptitude, this could be significantly enhanced by the use of CPEs as well as by embedding RSV in a spray-dried powder to be compressed in order to prepare fast-disintegrating mini-tablets. The most promising observed CPEs (menthol, lysine and urea) were then inserted into the most promising spray-dried excipients’ compositions (RSV-B and RSV-C), thus preparing CPE-loaded mini-tablets. However, this procedure leads to unsatisfactory results which preclude the possibility of merging the two proposed approaches. Finally, the best spray-dried composition (RSV-B) was further evaluated by SEM, FTIR, XRD and disintegration as well as dissolution behavior to prove its effectiveness as a sublingual fast-disintegrating formulation

Acute pancreatitis in children. An Italian multicentre study

AIM: To evaluate the clinical, morphological and aetiological aspects of acute pancreatitis in children in Italy. PATIENTS: The hospital records of 50 consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis observed in 5 Italian Pediatric Departments were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 25 males and 25 females (median age 10.5 years, range 2-17) were studied. Of these patients, 48 (96%) had abdominal pain. The pancreatitis was associated with biliary disease in 10 patients (20%); it was due to viral infection in 6 patients (12%), pancreatic duct abnormalities in 4 (8%, familial chronic pancreatitis in 3 (6%), trauma in 5 (10%) and other causes in 5 (10%); the pancreatitis was of unknown origin in 17 patients (34%). Previous attacks of the disease had occurred in 14 patients. A diagnosis of mild pancreatitis was made in 41 patients (82%) and of severe disease in 9 (18%). One patient with severe pancreatitis died from multiorgan failure. Patients with severe pancreatitis had significantly higher serum concentrations of C-reactive protein than patients with mild pancreatitis. Hospital stay was similar for patients with the mild form and those with the severe form of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: In Italian children, acute pancreatitis is of unknown origin in about one-third of the children and is recurrent in 28% of the cases. The disease is severe in 18% of the case