Determinants and Associated Disability of Leprosy Patients Attending GMLF, Sevagram

Background: Leprosy, as an oldest disease known to a man and already eliminated from India in 2005, still poses a public health problem with steady new case detection rate. Method: The present study was carried out in Gandhi memorial leprosy foundation, Wardha, with the aim to find out proportion of multibacillary leprosy cases and various grading of disability and factors associated with it in this part of country. All the successive new OPD patients were included in study and examined for type of leprosy and grade of disability if present. Analysis done by Descriptive statistics. Result: 66 % had multibacillary type of leprosy and 44 % the disability. Higher age group, females, illiterate and less educated, unskilled and low income group were mostly affected. Conclusion: high proportion of multibacillary cases and disabilities reflects the need for active thrust to identify new cases

Serial Data Transmission using Visible Light Communication

Li-Fi is a label for wireless-communication system using light as a carrier instead of radio frequencies as in Wi-Fi [1]. The light waves cannot penetrate walls hence Li-Fi (Light-Fidelity) can be used in sensitive areas such as in Aircraft [13, 15]. It can be implemented using white-LED light bulbs at the downlink transmitter. In these types of devices a constant current is applied for the purpose of illumination. However, by fast and subtle variations of the current, the optical output can be made to vary at extremely high speeds. Due to this characteristic of optical current it is used in Li-Fi setup. The operational procedure is very simple- if the LED is on, then transmit a 1, if it�s off then transmit a 0. The LEDs can be switched on and off very quickly, and hence it gives nice opportunities for transmitting data. All that is required is some LEDs and a controller that code data into those LEDs. All one has to do is to increase the rate at which the LED�s flicker [2] depending upon the data needs to be encode. Further enhancements can be made in this method, like we can use an array of LEDs for parallel data transmission, or using mixtures of red, green and blue LEDs. It can alter the light�s frequency with this approach each frequency encodes a different data Channel [5]. Such advancements promise a theoretical speed of 10 Gbps � meaning you can download a full high-definition film in just 30 seconds

Data Communication Using Li-Fi

Wireless data transmission demand is increased over the years. But due to lack of radio frequency spectrum and hazardous electromagnetic waves comes out from it Li-Fi appears as a new cheaper, greener, and healthier alternative to traditional Wi-Fi. Presently there are two trends being seen in the world of Wireless communication: First, the enrichment or extension of wireless services & second being increased in demand by users for these services. The need is fulfilled by RF spectrum but the usage is very limited. So the emerging technology-Li-Fi came into picture, which uses visible light as a source of communication. The recent advancement in the wireless communication world has made VLC as one of the high-speed, efficient, secured and cheaper optical wireless communication technology. [12] This research paper focuses on required hardware for transmission of text Li-Fi system. The PCB of Transmitter and Receiver are designed by using PCB Artist 4.0 tool. The Microcontroller ATMega16 has been used for the purpose of performing operation at transceiver section. Its programming is done by using AVR studio. Successful transmission and reception of text is carried out on the transceiver. Hence this research paper shows an innovative way of designing a transceiver with low cost electronic hardware components and using already available white LED light bulb. This Li-Fi technology envisions a future where data for smart phones, laptops and tablets will be transmitted in an economic and ecofriendly medium of light in room

Image Encoding & Decoding Using Base64 Technique and It�s Wireless Transmission Using Li-Fi

Li-Fi is one of the advanced and fastest technology among other available data transmission technologies in the world of data communication. The high bandwidth and immunity to interference ability of Li-Fi makes it unique from other available wireless technologies. It could be used in areas where high data transfer is much required and other wireless technologies are restricted due to their hazardous signal radiations. It could be useful in variety of application including audio transmission, video transmission, text transmission and image transmission. Li-Fi communication is also called as the Visible Light Communication (VLC) since we make the use visible light for transmitting the data from transmitter to receiver. In this article a prototype is designed to transfer a 2D image using UART serial communication from one PC to another PC using VLC

STEM TERMINATION GENETICS IN PIGEONPEA VARIANTS (CAJANUS CAJAN (L.) MILLSP)

In pigeonpea, there are three distinct growth habits of plants types which differ in the morphology of the inflorescence, that are determinate (DT), semideterminte (SDT) and indeterminate (IDT). Growth habit is useful trait because of short stature of the determinate plant types makes them amenable to efficient crop management practices, such as foliar insecticide application and mechanized crop production. Indeterminate plants, on the other hand, grow taller; hence, efficient management and mechanization become difficult. But indeterminate genotypes yielded more than determinate genotype in semiarid environment. Indeterminate plants produce flowers throughout the growing season whenever sufficient moisture is available. This is not possible in case of determinate genotypes. While semideterminate growth habit was rarely observed in pigeonpea germplasm. Inheritance studies of growth habit, indeterminate Vs determinate and indeterminate Vs semideterminate growth habit was studied with seven populations (parents, F 1 , reciprocal, F 2 and both back cross) of eight and two crosses with respective characters. Data analysis of segregating populations (F 2 s and test crosses) was carried out with the help of chi-square test. Present studies showed that indeterminate growth habit was completely dominant over determinate plant type and indeterminate trait was governed by single gene as all F 2 and their test cross progenies segregated and well fitted for 3:1 and 1:1 ratio in cross IDT Vs DT. Inheritance study of indeterminate Vs semideterminate growth habit showed dominant epistatic ratio for two loci of 12:3:1, IDT/ SDT/DT in F 2 population. This result confirmed with test cross and back cross with dominant parents. From present study of IDT Vs SDT, it was concluded that indeterminate growth habit was governed by Dt 1 /dt 2 s and semideterminate as dt 1 / Dt 2s . The presence of Dt 1 allele completely masked the expression of Dt 2 s allele. The presences of the recessive allele of these genes in homozygous state (dt 1 dt 1 , dt 2 s dt 2 s) result in determinate growth habits. While no reciprocal differences were observed in inheritance pattern of IDT Vs DT and IDT Vs SDT, indicating no maternal effect to govern the traits

SCALABLE FREQUENT ITEMSET MINING USING HETEROGENEOUS COMPUTING: PARAPRIORI ALGORITHM

ABSTRACT Association Rule mining is one of the dominant tasks of data mining, which concerns in finding frequen

Secure Data Transmission by using Steganography

Steganography is the efficient technique to provide secure data transmission over the network, as the number of users increases effectively. The cryptography is also used to provide security to data over network, but transmission of secured message may be detectable to third party. From security point of view, steganography does not allow to detect the presence of hidden secret other than indeed user, over the communication channel. In this paper, we design a system, which uses features of both cryptography as well as steganography, where TCP/IP header is used as a steganographic carrier to hide encrypted data. Steganography is a useful tool that allows covert transmission of information over the communications channel. Copyright © www.iiste.org Keywords: Steganography, Cryptography, Encryption, TCP/I

Epidemiology of Burn Deaths in Aurangabad Region, India

Background: Amongst all discoveries by men, barely few like cultivation of soil, speech and writing, have borne such significant developments as has finding out how to make fire. From the discovery of fire and its tremendous force, manufacturing, transportation and practically all phases of modern industrial life emerged out. Burns are injuries often produced by contact with dry heat, such as flame, radiation, or some solid heated material like metal or glass to the body.Methods: This study was conducted prospectively on 325 cases of death due to burns in the period from January 2010 to December 2010.Results: Hindu married females belonging to rural background were most common victims of burns. Maximum cases were observed in the evening with involvement of cooking apparatus most of the time.Conclusion: The present study has findings more or less consistent with the findings of the other Indian studies. Rising incidences of burns can be prevented by awareness and education about the hazards of fire and safety measures also upgrade of social and educational standards of population

Email System Based on Voice and Biometric Authentication

In the today's world, as the advancement in the technology communication over long distance becomes very important for all the peoples, for visually impaired peoples also. But the hardware such as keyboard, mouse etc, are not user friendly with the visually impaired peoples, so they are not able to access the basic things of technology such as email. Our aim is to make a email system which will help the blind people to communicate through voice, and to improve the security by using biometric authentication. The normal people can also use the system while driving or while they want to use it hands-free. The blind people need not to remember and. As the user will give the commands to the system, it will interact with the user accordingly