Age and growth studies of banana prawn, Penaeus merguiensis de Man from Maharashtra waters

Age and growth of Penaeus merguiensis from Maharashtra waters were studied. The estimates obtained by Bhattacharya analysis and Gulland-Holt plot were L∞ = 203.7 mm and K = 2.15 yr-1 for males and L∞ = 254.9 mm and K = 1.90 yr-1 for females. The maximum size observed for males was 188 mm and 238 mm for females. The male and female prawns after one month larval period attain 134.2 mm and 156.3 mm length in 6 months and 180.0 mm and 216.8 mm in one year respectively

Bacterial and clinical profile of diabetic foot ulcer using optimal culture techniques

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are the complications of diabetes mellitus. The diabetic foot ulcer infections are polymicrobial in nature. If they are not recognized and controlled it leads to many devastating consequences like limb amputation, sepsis, and even mortality. Hence, the present study was undertaken to determine the bacterial and clinical profile of diabetic foot ulcer using optimal culture techniques and the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the isolates.Methods: A total number of 103 patients with a foot ulcer of Wagner’s grade II or more and evidence of purulent exudates or edema were included in the study. Swab samples were obtained from the base of ulcers and were sent for bacteriological study. The specimen was processed in the microbiology laboratory for Gram stain, aerobic culture, and anaerobic culture. The organisms isolated were identified by standard procedures and antimicrobial susceptibility was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: A total no of 253 organisms were isolated from 103 patients. Out of these, 217 aerobes were isolated, and the most common organism isolated from gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, 53 (24.42 %). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 42 (19.35 %) was the predominant organism isolated from gram negative bacteria. Among the total 36 anaerobes, Bacteroides fragilis group, 17 (47.22 %) was the most common organism isolated. All the gram positive aerobic organisms were found to be sensitive for vancomycin. Among the gram negative organisms, E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, showed more sensitivity to cefotaxime (90.62%, 91.66%, 75%) respectively. Metronidazole was the drug of choice in case of anaerobes followed by imipenem.Conclusions: It is necessary to identify the etiological factors and susceptible microorganisms responsible for causation of DFU. So that prompt management of diabetic foot ulcers is possible for successful outcome. Appreciation of the causative organisms in diabetic foot and their antibiotic sensitivity is essential for institution of appropriate antibiotic therapy

Comparison of efficacy of levofloxacin-metronidazole combination versus ceftriaxone in cases of moderate diabetic foot infection

Background: Foot ulcers are a significant complication of diabetes and are the most common cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations in the industrialized world. Diabetic foot infections can be treated effectively with cephalosporins and fluoroquinolnes. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety and microbiological outcomes of ceftriaxone and combination of levofloxacin and metronidazole.Methods: This was a prospective, open labelled, randomized controlled trial study. Patients diagnosed of having diabetic foot infection were recruited for the study from the OPD and IPD of the surgery department of Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Miraj and PVP Govt. Hospital, Sangli from June 2007 to December 2007. Signed informed consents were obtained from the patients. The study complied with declaration of Helsinki. Enrolled patients were randomized in 2 groups. Group 1: ceftriaxone group: patients were hospitalized and received ceftriaxone1 gm intravenously for 14 days. Group 2: levofloxacin and metronidazole group: patients were treated as out-patients and received Levofloxacin 500 mg orally once daily with metronidazole 400 mg orally thrice daily for 14 days. Detailed history and complete physical examination was done for all patients. Sequential measurement of the lesion was done, to assess the change in size. Bacteriological evaluation was done. Clinical and microbiological outcome and safety parameters were assessed after treatment.Results: The baseline characteristics in both the groups were comparable and were not significant with each other (p >0.05). In both the groups the most commonly isolated aerobe was staphylococci species followed by different species of enterobacteriacae and pseudomonas. Most commonly isolated anaerobe was bacteroides fragilis. Microbiological and clinical outcomes were assessed and the total no of patients recovered in both groups were almost similar. The percentage of wound healing in both the treatment groups was equal. None of the patients in both the groups had shown complete wound healing. The number of adverse effects associated with the therapies was also similar. The cost of therapies in both the groups were assessed and found the difference was highly significant.Conclusions: Even though combination of levofloxacin-metronidazole and ceftriaxone alone had similar outcomes in terms of efficacy, on contrary in comparison of cost and convenience, levofloxacin - metronidazole therapy was proved better than ceftriaxone in treatment of diabetic foot ulcers

Study the acceptance, compliance and efficacy of injection depot medroxy progesterone acetate as contraception: a prospective observational study

Background: India was the first country in the world to launch a family planning programme, as early as 1952, with the main aim of controlling its population. Depot medroxy progesterone acetate, or DMPA is a progestin-only method of contraception. It is a 3-monthly intramuscular injectable that delivers 150 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate in microcrystalline suspension form that delays absorption of the hormone after the injection. It provides long acting, effective and reversible contraception. In this study, we evaluated patients in reproductive age group 18-35 years who were willing to use injectable DMPA as a method of contraception to study the acceptance, compliance and efficacy of injection depot medroxyprogesterone acetate as contraception.Methods: It is a prospective observational study carried out at Government medical college Miraj on 150 patients who fulfil the inclusion criteria. The postpartum, interval and postabortal categorisation of patients done and they are councelled about the benefits and side effects and drawbacks of DMPA. Injection is given deep intramuscularly after written informed consent and a DMPA card is given to beneficiary. Follow up date explained and patients are observed for follow up and any evidence of bleeding weight gain or any other side effects of DMPA are noted.Results: The mean age of subjects was 24.48±3.494 years. 2) 3.3% of the patients were nullipara, primi para 46.7%, 36% were second para, 11.3%  were third para and  2.7% were fourth par. 3) After 1st injection, 47.3% patients were lost to follow-up i.e., they did not turn up for their second dose of injection. 4) Out of 150 patients who accepted the injection as contraception, only 79 patients turned up for their 2nd injection after 3months, out of which only 37 patients turned up for their 3rd dose of injection after 6 months and only 5 patients turned up for their 3rd injection. Thus showing that the compliance is poor among this study population. 5) At 2nd injection, 39.2% discontinued due to amenorrhea, 10.7% discontinued due to irregular bleeding, 18.5% due to weight gain and 31.6% due undergoing permanent method. 6) No patients who came for follow up reported any pregnancies during the course of injection, therefore the efficacy of injection depot medroxy-progesterone acetate, as a method of contraception is 100% in this study.Conclusions: The DMPA is a good method of long acting reversible method of contraception with good acceptance and efficacy with less compliance

Collimator Impedance

This report describes the longitudinal impedence calculation on the final design of collimator assembly, This impedence is compared with that of the 197 MHz RF cavity and design for further reducing impendence has been produced

Comparison of the Bellows Impedance Calculation with Measurement

The longitudinal coupling impedance of bellows was measured on the bench using the wire method. The measurements were compared with the numerical calculations done using the time domain module T2 in MAFIA. The results of measurements and calculations are presented

TO DEVELOP HPLC METHOD FOR THE ASSAY OF MEMANTINE HYDROCHLORIDE TABLETS USING REFRACTIVE INDEX (RI) DETECTOR

Objective: To develop and validate a chromatographic method to determine the amount of drug (assay) in the tablets of memantine hydrochloride (MEM) using high performance liquid chromatography with refractive index (RI) detector. Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved on C18 (250 × 4.5 mm, 5μ) column using isocratic mobile phase comprises of buffer (pH-6.0): Methanol (45:55 v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection of effluent was monitored using RI detector. Conclusion: The method was found to be simple, commercial, precise, accurate and robust which can be utilized for the determination of assay of MEM in tablets and capsules. Keywords: Memantine hydrochloride, Assay, Liquid chromatography, Refractive Index detecto