Prostate-specific antigen glycoprofiling as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of prostate cancer

The initial part of this review details the controversy behind the use of a serological level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for the diagnostics of prostate cancer (PCa). Novel biomarkers are in demand for PCa diagnostics, outperforming traditional PSA tests. The review provides a detailed and comprehensive summary that PSA glycoprofiling can effectively solve this problem, thereby considerably reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies. In addition, PSA glycoprofiling can serve as a prognostic PCa biomarker to identify PCa patients with an aggressive form of PCa, avoiding unnecessary further treatments which are significantly life altering (incontinence or impotence).acknowledge the support received from the ERC Proof of Concept grant (no. 825586) and from the Innovative Training Network (no. 813120). This publication is the result of the project implementation: Centre for materials, layers and systems for applications and chemical processes under extreme conditions stage I, ITMS no.: 26240120007, supported by the ERDF.Scopu

2D MXenes as Perspective Immobilization Platforms for Design of Electrochemical Nanobiosensors

MXenes are a new group of 2D nanomaterials with fascinating properties including high electrical conductivity, hydrophilic nature, easily tunable structure and high surface area. This is why MXene modified interfaces are extremely promising for the preparation of sensitive electrochemical biosensors. While there are numerous reports on MXene-based enzymatic biosensors for detection of a wide range of analytes, application of MXene for construction of affinity biosensors is in its infancy. The review article summarizes current state-of the-art in the field with a focus on MXene modifications needed for construction of robust and high performance MXene electrochemical biosensors. - 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, WeinheimThe authors would like to acknowledge the financial support received from the Slovak Research and Development Agency APVV 17-0300. This work was supported by Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic under the project registration number 2018/23-SAV-1. P. K. thanks that this work was also made possible by BPRP grant #9-219-2-105 from the Qatar National Research Fund (A Member of The Qatar Foundation). The finding achieved herein is solely the responsibility of the authors.Scopu

Advanced impedimetric biosensor configuration and assay protocol for glycoprofiling of a prostate oncomarker using Au nanoshells with a magnetic core

In this paper several advances were implemented for glycoprofiling of prostate specific antigen (PSA), what can be applied for better prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostics in the future: 1) application of Au nanoshells with a magnetic core (MP@silica@Au); 2) use of surface plasmons of Au nanoshells with a magnetic core for spontaneous immobilization of zwitterionic molecules via diazonium salt grafting; 3) a double anti-fouling strategy with integration of zwitterionic molecules on Au surface and on MP@silica@Au particles was implemented to resist non-specific protein binding; 4) application of anti-PSA antibody modified Au nanoshells with a magnetic core for enrichment of PSA from a complex matrix of a human serum; 5) direct incubation of anti-PSA modified MP@silica@Au with affinity bound PSA to the lectin modified electrode surface. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) signal was enhanced 43 times integrating Au nanoshells with a magnetic core compared to the biosensor without them. This proof-of-concept study shows that the biosensor could detect PSA down to 1.2 fM and at the same time to glycoprofile such low PSA concentration using a lectin patterned biosensor device. The biosensor offers a recovery index of 108%, when serum sample was spiked with a physiological concentration of PSA (3.5 ng mL 1 ).European Regional Development Fund, Grantov Agentura ceska RepublikyScopu

Advanced antifouling zwitterionic layer based impedimetric HER2 biosensing in human serum: Glycoprofiling as a novel approach for breast cancer diagnostics

There are two key novel components presented here behind identification of potential novel breast cancer (BCa) diagnostic approach: 1. application of photoimmobilizable zwitterionic hydrogels resisting non-specific protein adsorption for preparation of the biosensor interfaces and 2. integration of lectins (carbohydrate recognizing proteins) within biosensors to evaluate changes in the glycan profile of HER2 protein on the molecular level. A disposable, electrochemical biosensor based on screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) with a deposited hydrogel layer was applied for covalent attachment of antibodies for a specific interaction with HER2. In the subsequent step, HER2 molecules were in situ glycoprofiled using lectins. The impedimetric immunosensor was able to detect HER2 down to 5 pg mL?1 (?77 fM) with a minimal non-specific protein adsorption. The biosensor was then combined with lectins to glycoprofile HER2 in two serum samples (one from a healthy, high BCa risk woman and the other from a woman with a 2nd stage BCa). The results obtained by the glycoprofiling via the impedimetric biosensor were successfully verified by independent lectin-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). To our best knowledge it is a very first biosensor applying zwitterionic polymeric hydrogel-modified interface for glycoprofiling of a cancer biomarker.Financial support received from the Slovak Scientific Grant Agency VEGA 2/0162/14 and Slovak Research and Development Agency APVV 17-0300 is acknowledged. The research received funding from the European Research Council (No. 311532 ). This publication is the result of the project implementation: Centre for materials, layers and systems for applications and chemical processes under extreme conditions Stage I, ITMS No.: 26240120007, supported by the ERDF . Appendix AScopu