1,021 research outputs found
Network Asymmetries and Access Pricing in Cellular Telecommunications
Network shares and retail prices are not symmetric in the telecommunications market with multiple bottlenecks which give rise to new questions of access fee regulation. In this paper we consider a model with two types of asymmetry arising from different entry timing, i.e. a larger reputation for the incumbent and lower cost of servicing for the entrant as a result of more advanced technology. As a result firms have divergent preferences over the access fee. In case of linear and non-linear prices the access fee might still act as the instrument of collusion, but only if a side-payment is permitted which is generally welfare decreasing. Moreover, in contrast with the European regulatory framework, the access fee on the basis of termination cost might not necessarily be a socially preferable solution
Distortion of Gravitational-Wave Packets Due to their Self-Gravity
When a source emits a gravity-wave (GW) pulse over a short period of time,
the leading edge of the GW signal is redshifted more than the inner boundary of
the pulse. The GW pulse is distorted by the gravitational effect of the
self-energy residing in between these shells. We illustrate this distortion for
GW pulses from the final plunge of black hole (BH) binaries, leading to the
evolution of the GW profile as a function of the radial distance from the
source. The distortion depends on the total GW energy released and the duration
of the emission, scaled by the total binary mass, M. The effect should be
relevant in finite box simulations where the waveforms are extracted within a
radius of <~ 100M. For characteristic emission parameters at the final plunge
between binary BHs of arbitrary spins, this effect could distort the simulated
GW templates for LIGO and LISA by a fraction of 0.001. Accounting for the wave
distortion would significantly decrease the waveform extraction errors in
numerical simulations.Comment: accepted for publication in Physical Review
Quantum and semiclassical study of magnetic anti-dots
We study the energy level structure of two-dimensional charged particles in
inhomogeneous magnetic fields. In particular, for magnetic anti-dots the
magnetic field is zero inside the dot and constant outside. Such a device can
be fabricated with present-day technology. We present detailed semiclassical
studies of such magnetic anti-dot systems and provide a comparison with exact
quantum calculations. In the semiclassical approach we apply the Berry-Tabor
formula for the density of states and the Borh-Sommerfeld quantization rules.
In both cases we found good agreement with the exact spectrum in the weak
magnetic field limit. The energy spectrum for a given missing flux quantum is
classified in six possible classes of orbits and summarized in a so-called
phase diagram. We also investigate the current flow patterns of different
quantum states and show the clear correspondence with classical trajectories.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figure
Giant magneto-optical response in non-magnetic semiconductor BiTeI driven by bulk Rashba spin splitting
We study the magneto-optical (MO) response of polar semiconductor BiTeI with
giant bulk Rashba spin splitting at various carrier densities. Despite being
non-magnetic, the material is found to yield a huge MO activity in the infrared
region under moderate magnetic fields (<3 T). By comparison with
first-principles calculations, we show that such an enhanced MO response is
mainly due to the intraband transitions between the Rashba-split bulk
conduction bands in BiTeI, which give rise to distinct novel features and
systematic doping dependence of the MO spectra. We further predict an even more
pronounced enhancement in the low-energy MO response and dc Hall effect near
the crossing (Dirac) point of the conduction bands
Opposite tendency between yield and taste of organic tomato by increasing biochar doses in a slightly humous arenosol
Received: February 4th, 2022 ; Accepted: April 6th, 2022 ; Published: April 28th, 2022 ; Correspondence: [email protected] tomato is the edible berry of the plant Solanum lycopersicum. Tomato plants are
widely grown in temperate climates worldwide and are mostly cultivated as annuals. The
objective of this study was to understand the interrelation between fruit quality of tomato, some
soil biological parameters, and the addition of increasing biochar (BC) soil amendment doses.
BC is an industrial product, made from organic waste by pyrolysis. Its use in the soil is known to
improve fertility and several soil functions. Among organic, ecological conditions, a field
experiment was performed in a type of slightly humous arenosol soil. Effect of increasing doses
of biochar (BC) (0.5-, 1.0-, 2.5-, 5.0, 10 m/m% and control) was studied. Nutrient content and
Total Soluble Solid (TSS) of the fruits, the ripeness, and the marketable/non-marketable ratio of
yield were assessed. The presence of some cultivable microbial physiological groups (fungi,
bacteria) and the soil-dehydrogenase activity (DHA) was estimated. Results represented that the
changes of fruit TSS content was not linear with the increasing doses of BC. The increased yield
(+53%) had an inverse correlation with the TSS content of the berry's pulps, and the content was
lowest at the highest BC dose. Optimum doses of BC were considered, like 1–2.5 m/m%,
supported by the nutritive element content (+55% N, +76% P, +83% K) and enhanced microbial
activities (+45% DHA). Grouping the parameters by Pearson Correlation Coefficient, the biochar
amendment was a driving factor for tomato growth, with certain dose limits in the studied organic
agricultural practice
Groene groei: hoe bereiken we dat?
Het regeerakkoord van het kabinet Rutte II belooft veel aandacht voor economische groei en duurzaamheid. Dit artikel bespreekt op welke wijze inhoud kan worden gegeven aan de wens van het kabinet om economische groei en zorg voor het milieu met elkaar te combineren. Vanuit het perspectief van de economische welvaartsanalyse gaat het daarbij om de afweging tussen de materiele welvaart en de milieukwaliteit. Vanuit de economische groeitheorie wordt geschetst welke mogelijkheden er zijn voor een dergelijke groene groei. De verschillende manieren om de productiviteit te beïnvloeden en te bevorderen vormen daarbij het aangrijpingspunt voor het beleid. Een verhoging van de milieu efficiëntie, bijvoorbeeld door een milieubesparende technologie kan tot groei met minder milieugebruik leiden, maar dat hoeft niet altijd het geval te zijn
LISA as a dark energy probe
Recently it was shown that the inclusion of higher signal harmonics in the
inspiral signals of binary supermassive black holes (SMBH) leads to dramatic
improvements in parameter estimation with the Laser Interferometer Space
Antenna (LISA). In particular, the angular resolution becomes good enough to
identify the host galaxy or galaxy cluster, in which case the redshift can be
determined by electromagnetic means. The gravitational wave signal also
provides the luminosity distance with high accuracy, and the relationship
between this and the redshift depends sensitively on the cosmological
parameters, such as the equation-of-state parameter of dark energy. With a single binary SMBH event at having
appropriate masses and orientation, one would be able to constrain to
within a few percent. We show that, if the measured sky location is folded into
the error analysis, the uncertainty on goes down by an additional factor of
2-3, leaving weak lensing as the only limiting factor in using LISA as a dark
energy probe.Comment: 11pages, 1 Table, minor changes in text, accepted for publication in
Classical and Quantum Gravity (special issue for proceedings of 7th LISA
symposium
Coherence Imaging Spectroscopy systems on Wendelstein 7-X for studies of island divertor plasma behavior
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