The phonological heritage of the scientists of the XX century: a linguistic and historiographical review

A great attention is paid to the linguistic-historiographic analysis of the works of the Moscow, Prague and Saint Petersburg phonological schools’ representatives, which were dedicated to the problem of the language phonemic syste

ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ И ПЛЕМЕННАЯ ЦЕННОСТЬ БЫКОВ-ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЕЙ

The process of improving the breeding and productive qualities of dairy cattle is impossible without the selection of servicing bulls with high genetic potential and breeding value. The paper investigates the breeding value and genetic potential of servicing bulls whose bio-products are used to inseminate dairy cattle in the Republic of Mari El. The author finds out that the population of bulls is of high quality and belongs to five genealogical lines: Vis Back Aydial 1013415, Montwick Chiftein 95679, Sawring Reflex 198998, Seling Trijun Rokita 252803, Pabst Governer 882933. Bulls, obtained from highly productive ancestors and have a high genetic potential in terms of milk yield (from 7513 to 13361 kg) and mass fraction of fat in milk (from 3.87 to 4.43%). The female offsprings of the investigated servicing bulls have rather high level of milk productivity (milk yield is 7017 kg on average, mass fraction of fat is 3,94, protein - 3,08%). The paper highlights that the highest level of dairy productivity was achieved by the descendants of the bull Yasa-M 462771. Their milk yield for the first lactation was 8185 kg, mass fraction of fat was 3.93%, protein concentration was 3.11%. The most part of investigated bulls have high breeding value according to all studied milk productivity parameters. According to the milk yield, it varied from 96.1 to145.5%, the mass fraction of fat – from 100 to 101.8, protein -from 98 to 101.6%. 10 servicing bulls as Artist, Butembo-M, Koldun, Leksaid, Morzhik, Norman-M, Auckland-M, Sayan, Spartak and Yasa-M have relative breeding value on all studied indicators which was above 100%. The most valuable servicing bulls were observed as Yas-M 462771 and Koldun 103.Процесс улучшения племенных и продуктивных качеств млочного скота невозможен без отбора производителей, обладающих высоким генетическим потенциалом и племенной ценностью. В связи с этим были изучены племенная ценность и генетический потенциал производителей, биопродукция которых используется для осеменения маточного поголовья молочного скота в Республике Марий Эл. Установлено, что исследуемое поголовье быков высококлассное, принадлежит к пяти генеалогическим линиям: Вис Бэк Айдиала 1013415, Монтвик Чифтейна 95679, Рефлекшн Соверинга 198998, Силинг Трайджун Рокита 252803, Пабст Говернера 882933. Быки, получены от высокопродуктивных предков и имеют высокий генетический потенциал по удою (от 7513 до13361 кг) и массовой доле жира в молоке (от 3,87 до 4,43%). Дочери исследуемых производителей обладают достаточно высоким уровнем молочной продуктивности (удой в среднем 7017 кг, массовая доля жира – 3,94, белка – 3,08%). Установлено, что наиболее высокий уровень молочной продуктивности имели потомки быка Яса-М 462771. Их удой за первую лактацию составил 8185 кг, массовая доля жира – 3,93%, белка – 3,11%. Большинство исследуемых быков отличаются высокой племенной ценностью по всем изучаемым показателям молочной продуктивности. По удою она находилась в пределах 96,1–145,5%, по массовой доле жира - 100–101,8, белка - 98–101,6%. У 10 производителей: Артиста, Бутембо-М, Колдуна, Лексайда, Моржика, Нормана-М, Окленда-М, Саяна, Спартака, Яса-М – относи тельная племенная ценность по всем изучаемым показателям была выше 100%. Выявлены наиболее ценные в племенном отношении быки – Яс-М 462771 и Колдун 10

МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВАРТОСТІ МАШИН, ОБЛАДНАННЯ, СИРОВИНИ ТА СПОЖИВЧИХ ТОВАРІВ З УРАХУВАННЯМ РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНОСТІ ОЦІНКИ ПІД ЧАС ПРОВЕДЕННЯ СУДОВО-ТОВАРОЗНАВЧИХ ЕКСПЕРТИЗ

The research purpose is to create a unified and comprehensive approach when conducting forensic commodity examinations to determine the value of goods in the past and to develop a methodology that will be used in forensic practice while conducting forensic commodity examinations in order to ensure systematization and methodological uniformity of forensic practice, reduce labor intensity and time spent during forensic examination, improve research effectiveness which has a significant impact on the quality of compiling a comprehensive and objective report while determining the value of machinery, equipment, raw materials and consumer goods, taking into account retrospective of evaluation. The algorithm of forensic commodity examination for defining the value of goods in the past consists of successively carried out steps that are recommended for use in forensic practice. Research objects during retrospective of evaluation can be food and non-food products, industrial equipment, machinery and mechanisms, mineral fertilizers and other industrial and technical products, as well as various types of raw materials, supporting materials, containers and packaging, technical and technological documentation, monitoring devices, accounting records, reports on technical condition and restoration. The article outlines peculiarities of goods value evaluation of previous years’ commodities, out-of-date, discontinued, manufactured goods (handicraft business), specialized commodities, etc., for the past years. Application of the algorithm is offered to aim for thoroughness in the study on cost of goods, taking into account the retrospective of evaluation, as well as to eliminate shortcomings reducing the probative value of forensic reports. Taking into account the provisions of legislative and regulatory acts, the authors of the article examined methodological approaches to solving problems that arise in forensic practice while appointment and conduct of forensic examination to determine the value of machinery, equipment, raw materials and consumer goods, taking into account the retrospective of evaluation.Зазначено можливість вироблення єдиного підходу до проведення товарознавчих експертиз з оцінки вартості товарів у минулому часі та розроблення методики, яка застосовуватиметься в експертній практиці до проведення товарознавчих експертиз, для забезпечення систематизації та методичної одноманітності експертної практики, скорочення трудомісткості й витрат часу проведення експертиз і підвищення результативності досліджень. Розглянуто методичні підходи до розв’язання проблем, які виникають в експертній практиці під час призначення й проведення судово-товарознавчих експертиз із визначення вартості машин, обладнання, сировини та споживчих товарів з урахуванням ретроспективності оцінки

Связь воспроизводительной способности с продуктивным долголетием коров

One of the most critical tasks of modern dairy farming is to extend the time of productive use of cows. Studies have shown that the studied herd’s economic benefit ranged from 1005 to 3693 days and averaged 1864. The lifetime milk yield of the cows averaged 20746 kg and lifetime milk fat was 735.4 kg. On the first day of economic use, 10.2 kg of milk was obtained, and on the first day of lactation, the figure was significantly higher at 20.8 kg. The most extended use period for a cow was found to be 1903 days. The average open days were 91-120 days. The highest lifetime productivity was obtained from this group of animals, which was 21909 kg of milk. A further reduction or increase in the length of open days was accompanied by a decrease in economic use and a decrease in the productive life of the cows. When open days were too long (more than 120 days), the productive life of the cows was reduced to 1875 days, and milk productivity was also reduced to 20562 kg of milk. According to the research results, the abundant lifetime life of cows increases with the duration of inter calving period from 11 to 13 months from 14939 to 26582 kg. It was found that productive life milk yield and milk fat decreased with a more extended period between calvings. The age of the first calving had no significant effect on the duration of economic use of the cows. Individuals with first calving at 30 months of age and more excellent than 1993.2 days were best on this trait. However, the highest productive life was shown by animals whose age at first calving was 26-27, 9 months.Одной из важнейших задач современного молочного скотоводства является продление времени продуктивного использования коров. Исследования показали, что продолжительность хозяйственного использования исследуемого поголовья находилась в пределах от 1005 до 3693 дней и в среднем составила 1864 дня. Пожизненный удой коров в среднем равен 20746 кг, а пожизненное количество молочного жира – 735,4 кг. На 1 день хозяйственного использования было получено 10,2 кг молока, а на 1 день лактации этот показатель был значительно выше – 20,8 кг. Было установлено, что наиболее длительный период – 1903 дня использовались коровы со средней продолжительностью сервис-периода – 91-120 дней. От этой группы животных была получена наибольшая пожизненная продуктивность – 21909 кг молока. Дальнейшее сокращение или увеличение продолжительностисервиспериода сопровождалось уменьшением периода хозяйственного использования и снижением пожизненной продуктивности коров. При слишком удлиненном сервиспериоде (более 120 дней) происходило сокращение продуктивного долголетия коров до 1875 дней и снижение пожизненной молочной продуктивности до 20562 кг молока. Согласно результатам исследований, пожизненная продуктивность коров возрастает с увеличением продолжительности межотельного периода с 11 до 13 месяцев от 14939 до 26582 кг. Установлено, чтоприболеедлительномпериодемеждуотеламипожизненный удой и молочный жир снижаются. Возраст первого отёла не оказал существенного влияния на продолжительность хозяйственного использования коров. Лучшими по этому признаку были особи, чей первый отёл произошел в возрасте 30 месяцев и более – 1993,2 дня. Однако наибольшую пожизненную продуктивность показали животные, возраст первого отела которых составил 26–27, 9 месяца

FRAGMENTATION OF EURASIAN MOOSE POPULATIONS DURING PERIODS OF POPULATION DEPRESSION

Changes in the distribution of Eurasian moose (Alces alces) populations during the Pleistocene and Holocene eras were analyzed from historical and contemporary literature. We focused on how range boundaries varied, suitable habitat was fragmented, and how local and regional populations were isolated, especially during periods of population depression. We discuss how the occurrence and duration of isolation of local populations likely influenced the genetic structure of Eurasian moose. We question the geographic division of certain subspecies, and suggest that our analysis be used to reinterpret and revise genetic structure of Eurasian moose populations

About the Concept of Foresight Technology

В статье рассматриваются аспекты понятия форсайт и форсайт-технологии.The article discusses aspects of the concept of foresight and foresight technology

Features of the course of coronavirus infection in patients after thoracic and cardiac surgery

Objective: To study the features of the coronavirus infection course in cardiosurgical and thoracic patients to determine the factors potentially affecting the possibility of lethal outcome. To identify the predictors of fatal outcome based on the analyses of the features of the coronavirus infection course in this category of patients.Material and methods: During the analyzed period 80 patients from the departments of thoracic surgery and cardiac surgery were transferred to the infectious diseases department: 20 patients from the cardiac surgery department (CSD) – group 1; 60 patients from the thoracic surgery departments (TSD) – group 2. A control group number 3 consisting of 59 non-thoracic and non-cardiosurgical patients was also formed. According to the disease outcome the patients were divided into two groups: group 1 – fatal outcome, group 2 – recovery.Results: Out of 80 patients, lethal outcome was recorded in 25 cases: 22 patients of the thoracic profile (36% of the total number of transferred from this department) and 3 patients of the cardiosurgical profile (15% of the total number of those transferred from the cardiac surgery department). 20 out of 20 cardiac patients had been operated on the day before, 49 out of 60 thoracic patients also underwent surgery. 3 people from the group of non-operated patients transferred from departments of thoracic surgery died. Moreover, after pneumonectomy, fatal outcome was recorded in 7 out of 8 cases (87.5%).Conclusion: During the analyses of indicators it was revealed that the number of fatal outcomes in patients of the thoracic profile with COVID-19 infection is higher than of the cardiosurgical profile and in the infectious diseases department. Presumably, this is due to the fact that coronavirus infection affects the lungs to a greater extent, and in patients with a thoracic profile (in particular, those who have undergone resection interventions), the volume of the lung parenchyma is initially reduced. This is confirmed particularly by the highest percentage of fatal outcomes after pneumonectomy. Cardiosurgical patients after surgical interventions do not have a reduction in the functioning lung parenchyma, which creates an additional “reserve” for recovery. Moreover, men predominate among patients of the thoracic profile, with the survival rate lower in all groups compared to women. Patients transferred from thoracic departments showed higher rates of systemic inflammation, which indicates a more severe course of the viral infection and the possible development of complications.When analyzing the predictors of lethal outcome, the following factors were identified: male gender and, in general, a more severe course of a viral infection (low saturation, a high percentage of lung lesions on CT, more pronounced changes in laboratory screening). The studied factors are associated with a large number of fatal outcomes in thoracic and cardiac surgery patients. Among the factors that do not affect the prognosis are diabetes mellitus, stroke and myocardial infarction in history.Thus, patients diagnosed with coronavirus infection that developed after thoracic surgery had the most unfavorable prognosis. The revealed patterns are of interest for optimizing the routing of this category of patients in order to prevent coronavirus infection

Сolor in the Architecture of Art Clusters

В статье рассмотрены возможности цвета при организации архитектурной среды арт-кластеров, выделены признаки арт-кластеров, подчёркнута взаимосвязь свойств арт-кластера с формированием его цветовой среды.The article considers the capabilities of color in the organization of the architectural environment of art clusters, highlights the features of art clusters, emphasizes the relationship of the properties of an art cluster with the formation of its color environment

Expression of rice OsMyb4 transcription factor improves tolerance to copper or zinc in canola plants.

The effects of copper and zinc salts on transgenic canola plants expressing rice transcription factor (TF) OsMYB4 were investigated. Transgenic plants (TPs), which showed a high OsMyb4 expression in response to either Cu or to Zn excess, were used for the current study. In leaves of TPs, the content of Cu was equal and the content of Zn was significantly higher than in non-transformed plants (NTPs). The TPs grown on an extremely high concentration of heavy metals (HMs; 150 mu De CuSO4 or 5 000 mu De ZnSO4) were able to survive for more than 15 d, while NTPs died after 7 - 9 d of incubation. This indicates that expression of OsMyb4 in canola plants improved their HM tolerance. The TPs tolerance to HMs was confirmed by a higher shoot biomass than that in NTPs. Excess of HMs caused oxidative stress (indicated by increase in malondialdehyde content) especially in leaves of NTPs. This data suggests a protective role of the OsMyb4 TF in oxidative stress. The HMs caused a lower decrease in activities of superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase in TPs than in NTPs. Higher tolerance of TPs to HMs was also suggested by a considerable increase in the content of low-molecular phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and anthocyanins, as well as proline (a potential antioxidant and chaperone). These data suggest that OsMYB4 may play a role as a positive regulator of phenylpropanoid pathway and proline synthesis. The created canola OsMyb4 TPs may be useful for future applications in phytoremediation of HM-polluted soils

О требованиях к специалистам по метрологии в наноиндустрии в проекте профессионального стандарта «Специалист по метрологии в наноиндустрии»

Development of the nano industry and emergence of new product types manufactured with the use of nanotechnologies raises an issue of accurate measurement of unique nano material parameters. One of the main conditions for metrological assurance of innovative nano productsis existence of a professional labour market providing specialists with knowledge and skills pertaining to nano material studies, production technology, control of nano materials and nano objects in the technological process and products, as well as pertaining to the formation of normative and methodological documents regulating the frame work of metrological assurance at the enterprise. The present paperis devotedto the description of main provisions outlined in the draft professional standard "A metrology specialist in the nano industry"Развитие наноиндустрии и появление новых видов продукции, произведенной с применением нанотехно-логий, ставит вопрос о точном измерении параметров уникальных образцов наноматериалов. Одним из основных условий метрологического обеспечения инновационной продукции наноиндустрии является наличие рынка труда квалифицированных специалистов, обладающих знаниями, навыками и умениями в области исследования наноматериалов, технологии ее производства, контроля наноматериалов и нанообъектов в технологическом процессе и в продукции, а также в области формирования нормативных и методических документов, регламентирующих основы метрологического обеспечения на предприятии. Настоящая статья посвящена описанию основных положений, изложенных в проекте профессионального стандарта «Специалист по метрологии в наноиндустрии»