Interaction of Verbal and Non-Verbal Elements in Educational Comics

he article describes the mechanisms of interaction between two sign systems – the verbal and non-verbal ones, exemplified by a German-language historical comics which we regard as a type of creolized text. It is revealed that the non-verbal components of the comics that are interacting with the verbal contents are aimed at the transfer of knowledge, thus stimulating the interest of the recipient and permanently fix in his mind the visual image of the events depicted in the comics. The purpose of the research is to study the mutual influence of verbal and non-verbal components which creates the circumstances for visual quickcomprehension by the recipient of the information transmitted. The peculiarities of interconnection between verbal and non-verbal components of a creolized text are considered at semantic, semantic-and-linguistic, and semantic-and-compositional levels. Factual information is noted to be expressed by means of verbal components, while time and place reference is communicated non-verbally. It is established that paragraphemic elements of different types (syngraphemic, supragraphemic, topographemic) perform an essential role in transmitting information. The author analyzes compositional-and-spatial elements of historical comics, such as layout and number of pictures, and identifies their functions of attracting attention to significant events, retarding the tempo of depicted actions. The colour coding in comics is shown to be semantically significant, as it introduces different time periods without additional verbal comments

THE COMPLEX SYSTEM OF POWER QUALITY CONTROL AND IMPROVEMENT FOR MINIMIZATION OF DELETERIOUS EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT IN CONDITIONS OF OIL PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES

The complex system of control, monitoring and improvement of power quality in power supply systems of oil production enterprises is designed, which also allows to decrease the negative influence on the environment. The main reasons for mismatch between the actual electricity quality in distribution network and the requirements for oil producing businesses, as set forth by reference documents, have been disclosed. Recommendations in connection with the arrangement and the practical implementation of technical measures for controlling and improving the quality of electric power in oil producing enterprises power supply systems are provided

Iakovleva Functional characterization of Littorina littorea blood cells

The main functional characteristics of haemocytes from the common periwinkle Littorina littorea (phagocytic ability, acid phosphatase activity, cytotoxic properties and generation of reactive oxygen intermediates) were investigated. The blood cells of L. littorea demonstrated phagocytic activity for zymozan particles in both plasma and seawater. However, the level of phagocytosis in plasma was higher than in seawater, suggesting the presence of some soluble factors with opsonizing activity for yeast cell walls in the snail haemolymph. Acid phosphatase was detected in haemocytes following phagocytosis of zymosan. Zymosan particles as well as soluble inducers of respiratory burst (mannan, phorbol-myristate acetate, lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli) were shown to trigger superoxide anion production in L. littorea blood cells as evidenced by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction. Haemocytes exposed simultaneously to both inducer and the superoxide scavenger enzymeösuperoxide dismutase demonstrated a lower ability to reduce nitrobluetetrazolium. Periwinkle blood cells showed plasma-independent cytotoxic activity for human erythrocytes which may be due to the release of superoxide intermediates into the extracellular environment. These results, together with previously obtained data, suggest that haemocytes are the main e¡ectors in the internal defence system of L. littorea, with humoral factors playing an accessory role in recognition and elimination of pathogens

Chinese Proverbs in American Verbal Culture

The paper deals with the question of Chinese proverb quotations in American mass and social media discourse. This is a specific aspect of a much broader issue of intercultural communication, that is how proverbs being both verbally and culturally unique enter entirely different society and eventually become the part of its verbal culture and communication. Despite significant research made in the field of language contacts, especially loanword phenomena, there are still apparently few works devoted to proverb borrowings. However, the evidence proves that foreign language proverbs freely and extensively circulate in many world languages. In this regard contemporary English, where their frequency as well as diversity has recently become remarkably conspicuous, deserves a special study. Numerous proverbs of other countries are not only quoted in the English-language communication, but also enter proverb corpora and dictionaries of English. It holds particularly true for the phenomenon of Chinese proverbs. The empirical data show that adoption of these set phrases by American English is becoming more and more common. It seems that the reasons for the integration of Chinese wisdom into American verbal culture lie in strengthening of China position on international scene as well as expansion of diplomatic contacts and ties. In this paper we address the question of what actually governs the ways of naturalization of Chinese sayings and proverbs in the American English. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n1s1p28

БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ РОССИЙСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА: АКСИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ

The paper analyzes the relation between condition and prospects of Russian education development and security based on valuable content. The author makes a case that theoretical basis of security educational space that could be developed by the synthesis of geophilosophical theories based on the concept «geopolitical space of social relations» allows to see the benefits of diverse directions of the modern philosophy of education from the axiological point of view. Methodology and research methods are based on multivectoral methodology: gnosseological (principles of cognition); axiological (principles of educational values) and some branches of philosophical knowledge (philosophy of geopolitics, social philosophy, the world approach, philosophy of education, etc.). All this addresses some of the problems appeared in Russian education and security on the basis of beliefs and a number of organizational and educational measures. The research results show that security of social relations is considered in frames of spatial and -temporal dimension where the author highlights the educational system in terms of loss of autonomy, trim the humanitarian sphere, depending on public educational purposes, etc. For public life and Russian educational space the focus is shifted on the threat of axiological content. The author addresses the social philosophy of basic scientific concepts like geophilosophy, geophilosophy of security, geophilosophical approach, geopolitical science and world analysis. Modernization theory, which ideologically inspired educational reforms, does not meet the macro-and micro-sociological processes in world space of social relations and could not serve as a reliable tool for Russian security educational space. From the loss of their position in the world system of States Russia can save only best value oriented education strategy, which not only central but also the extensive Russian periphery will develop intensively.Целью данной статьи является анализ зависимости состояния и перспектив развития российского образования от степени безопасности, основанных на аксиологическом содержании. Теоретическая база безопасности образовательного пространства, поиском которой может стать, по мнению автора, синтез геофилософских теорий, построенных на понятии «геополитическое пространство социальных отношений», с аксиологических позиций позволяет увидеть преимущества разнообразных направлений современной философии образования. Методология и методика исследования основаны на использовании многовекторной методологии: гносеологической (с принципами познания), аксиологической (с принципами образовательных ценностей) и отдельных отраслей философского знания (философия геополитики, социальная философия, миросистемный подход, философия образования и др.). Все это дает возможность рассмотреть некоторые проблемы безопасности российского образования и на основе убеждений и выработать ряд организационно-образовательных мер. Результаты исследования. Безопасность социальных отношений рассматривается в пространственно-временном измерении, в котором мы выделяем образовательную систему с точки зрения утраты самостоятельности, усечения гуманитарной сферы, зависимости от государственно-образовательных целей и др. Для сфер общественной жизни и российского образовательного пространства акцент смещается на угрозы аксиологического содержания. Поэтому для исследования данной проблемы мы обращаемся к разработанным в социальной философии основным научным концепциям, таким как геофилософия, геофилософия безопасности, геофилософский подход, геополитическая наука и миросистемный анализ. Теория модернизации, идеологически вдохновлявшая образовательные реформы, не отвечает макро- и микросоциологическим процессам в мировом пространстве социальных отношений и не может служить надежным инструментом безопасности российского образовательного пространства. От утраты своих позиций в мировой системе государств Россию может спасти только передовая ценностно-ориентированная образовательная стратегия, при которой не только центральная, но и обширная российская периферия будут интенсивно развиваться

Heavy metal composition in the Plantago major L. from center of the Murmansk City, Kola Peninsula, Russia

Plantago major is an indicator of environmental pollution in the city. The plant grows along the traversed paths, close to the sidewalks. Contaminating substances accumulate on the leaves of the plantain. In the summer of 2016, samples of plants were collected in the central Murmansk region for analysis using a scanning electron microscope to identify dust particles on their surface, and to study leaves using the ICP-MS method to determination of heavy metals content. A relatively serious concentration of lead, zinc, copper, nickel as well as high arsenic and chromium content has been demonstrated in the city center, along with ties with human activities (vehicular traffic). High iron content is associated with peat soils used in the city for fertilization. The remaining metal content is relatively low. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.146106

Вплив субстрату кріоконсервованої шкіри свині на імунну відповідь щурів з нормальним гомеостазом

The aim of this work was to determine the immunotropic properties of the cryopreserved swine skin substrate (CSSS) in animals with normal homeostasis. The study was conducted in male mice weighing 18.0-20.0 g and male rats weighing 180.0-200.0 g. The effect of prophylactic oral CSSS doses of 200 and 500 mg/kg on the phagocytic activity of neutrophils, the state of oxygen-dependent antimicrobial neutrophil systems was evaluated in the test of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT-test), the antibody response (the number of antibody-forming cells and the level of hemagglutinin and hemolysin in the serum) and development of the reaction of the delayed type hypersensitivity have been studied. A significant immune-modulating activity of CSSS has been found, the oppositely directed character of this activity when the drug is used in two doses of 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg has been determined. In low doses CSSS induces activation of the nonspecific link of the immunity and suppressive processes of the cell-mediated immune response. When it is used in high doses, the stimulation of serogenesis processes is observed. The results obtained justify feasibility and prospects of further study of the mechanisms of the CSSS action in order to create a highly effective anti allergic drug.Целью представленной работы стало определение иммунотропных свойств субстрата криоконсервированной кожи свиньи (СКШС) на животных с нормальным гомеостазом. Исследование проведено на нелинейных мышах самцах массой 18,0-20,0 г и крысах самцах массой 180,0-200,0 г. Изучали влияние профилактического перорального введения СКШС в дозах 200 и 500 мг/кг на фагоцитарную активность нейтрофилов, состояние кислородзависимых бактерицидных систем в тесте восстановления нитросинего тетразолия (НСТ-тест), на антителогенез (по количеству антителообразующих клеток и уровня гемагглютининов и гемолизинов в сыворотке крови) и развитие реакции гиперчувствительности замедленного типа. Установлено, что введение СКШС в двух дозах 200 мг/кг и 500 мг/кг оказывает выраженное иммунотропное действие разнонаправленного характера на первичный иммунный ответ животных с нормальным иммунным статусом. В низкой дозе СКШС вызывает активацию неспецифического звена иммунитета и супрессивных процессов клеточного иммунного ответа. При применении СКШС в высокой дозе наблюдается стимуляция процессов антителогенеза. Полученные результаты обосновывают целесообразность и перспективность дальнейшего изучения механизмов действия СКШС с целью создания высокоэффективного противоаллергического средства.Метою представленої роботи стало визначення імунотропних властивостей субстрату з кріоконсервованої шкіри свині (СКШС) на тваринах з нормальним гомеостазом. Дослідження проведено на нелінійних тваринах: мишах самцях масою 18,0-20,0 г та щурах самцях масою 180,0-200,0 г. Вивчали вплив профілактичного перорального введення СКШС у дозах 200 і 500 мг/кг на фагоцитарну активність нейтрофілів, стан киснезалежних бактерицидних систем у тесті відновлення нітросинього тетразолію (НСТ-тест), на антитілогенез (за кількістю антитілоутворюючих клітин та рівнем гемаглютинінів і гемолізинів у сироватці крові) та розвиток реакції гіперчутливості повільного типу. Встановлено виразну імунотропну дію СКШС, визначено різнонаправлений характер цієї дії при застосуванні засобу у двох дозах 200 мг/кг та 500 мг/кг. У низькій дозі СКШС викликає активацію неспецифічної ланки імунітету та супресивних процесів клітинної імунної відповіді. При застосуванні СКШС у високій дозі спостерігається стимуляція процесів антитілогенезу. Отримані результати обґрунтовують доцільність та перспективність подальшого вивчення механізмів дії СКШС з метою створення високоефективного протиалергічного засобу

Heavy metal composition in the Plantago major L. from center of the Murmansk City, Kola Peninsula, Russia

Plantago major is an indicator of environmental pollution in the city. The plant grows along the traversed paths, close to the sidewalks. Contaminating substances accumulate on the leaves of the plantain. In the summer of 2016, samples of plants were collected in the central Murmansk region for analysis using a scanning electron microscope to identify dust particles on their surface, and to study leaves using the ICP-MS method to determination of heavy metals content. A relatively serious concentration of lead, zinc, copper, nickel as well as high arsenic and chromium content has been demonstrated in the city center, along with ties with human activities (vehicular traffic). High iron content is associated with peat soils used in the city for fertilization. The remaining metal content is relatively low

Ethical issues of the informed consent procedure in schizophrenia patients in view of cognitive dysfunction

Te procedure of obtaining the informed consent plays the crucial role in biomedical studies. Psychiatric patients refer to the vulnerable category of subjects, as there is an obvious conflict exists between the necessity of compliance to the subject’s autonomy rules and the restrictions of this autonomy caused by the illness. Schizophrenia patients suffer from cognitive dysfunction in different domains, which influence their ability to comprehend the information and to make decisions. From the other hand, arguing the appropriateness of informed consent obtaining in patients with severe mental disorders (e.g. with schizophrenia) and, thus, limitation of their ability to participate in clinical trials, can be considered as an equitable limitation of their access to the latest achievements of medical science. Potential difculties in obtaining informed consent in schizophrenia subjects can be divided into three categories: 1) subject related; 2) protocol related; 3) investigator/physician related; Both the investigators and the physicians must be acquainted with the potential ethical issues that can influence the decision making ability in schizophrenia subjects due cognitive dysfunction and the decline in subject’s autonomy level