Process optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction parameters for extraction of deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves

In the present study, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technology was applied to extract deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) from mulberry leaf powder using carbon dioxide (CO2) as major extraction solvent with ethanol as cosolvent, and extraction parameters such as pressure (100, 150 and 200 bar), temperature (40, 50 and 60 °C) anddynamic extraction time (40, 60 and 80 min) were systematically investigated by full factorial design to obtain the optimum extraction efficiency and extraction yield. Under optimized conditions (pressure of 200 bar, temperature of 50 °C and dynamic extraction time of 80 min), DNJ enriched extract was obtained with high extraction efficiency (96.46 %) and extraction yield (13.41 %), enabling this product to use for nutraceutical purpose. The results indicated that SC-CO2 extraction is a promising and alternative process for recovering the bioactive compounds from mulberry leaves

<span style="font-size: 21.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; color:black">Effect of androgens on oviductal growth in skipper frog <i>Rana cyanophlyctis</i> </span>

933-935<span style="font-size: 15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";="" color:black"="">Effects of exogenous androgens (testosterone, testosterone propionate and dihydrotestosterone) and <span style="font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:6.5pt;font-family:HiddenHorzOCR;mso-hansi-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:hiddenhorzocr;color:black"="">estradiol-17β<span style="font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:6.5pt;font-family:HiddenHorzOCR; mso-hansi-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:hiddenhorzocr;="" color:black"=""> <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";color:black"="">on the oviductal growth/hypertrophy were studied in young and bilaterally ovariectomized (BLO) adult frogs <span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";color:black"="">(Rana cyanophlyctis) during postbreeding phase of the reproductive cycle. <span style="font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:6.5pt;font-family:HiddenHorzOCR; mso-hansi-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:hiddenhorzocr;="" color:black"="">Estradiol-17<span style="font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:hiddenhorzocr;="" color:black"="">β<span style="font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:6.5pt; font-family:HiddenHorzOCR;mso-hansi-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" hiddenhorzocr;color:black"=""> <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";color:black"="">injections induced oviductal hypertrophy to the maximal extent among hormone treated groups. In androgen treated frogs also there was an increase in the oviductal dry weight and protein content both in young and BLO adult frogs, suggesting the role of endogenous androgens in <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";color:black"="">controlling the growth of oviduct in <span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";color:black"="">R. cyanophlyctis. </span

Modelling and Optimisation of Chitosan Anchored Titanium Dioxide Nano-Adsorbent for Dairy Industry Effluent Treatment

The present study emphasised the efficiency of chitosan anchored titanium dioxide nano-adsorbent on dairy industry effluent treatment. Chitosan titanium dioxide nano-adsorbent was synthesised by using chemical precipitation method and characterised for its particle size, surface morphology and texture. A four-factor-three-level Box–Behnken design along with response surface methodology was used to optimise the adsorption process parameters. Linear, two factor interaction, quadratic and cubic model techniques were used to demonstrate the influence of each parameter and their interaction effects on the responses. The quadratic models derived from the experimental data were used to predict the maximum per cent reduction of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The optimised treatment combination for maximum per cent reduction in BOD (90.48%) and COD (82.10%) was found to be initial concentration of 100 mg L-1, pH of 7, dosage of 1.25 mg L-1 and contact time of 100 min