QUEDA QUE AS MULHERES TEM PARA OS TOLOS

The satirical essay De l’amour des femmes pour les sots [The Love of Women for Fools] caused controversy wherever it circulated. Originally written in French by Victor Hénaux, the author´s controversial ideas were discussed and argued about in the Belgian press in the late 1850s. In 1861 it was translated into Portuguese by the young Machado de Assis and published in Rio de Janeiro first in a newspaper, then as a book, where it stirred up the old debate about what is originality and imitation in literature. Some critics regarded it as an original text by the great Brazilian writer, while others viewed it as an adaptation or translation. This bilingual edition, carefully prepared by Ana Claudia da Silva Suriani and Eliane Fernanda Cunha Ferreira, finally solves the question of the authorship of Queda que as mulheres têm para os tolos [The Way Women Fall for Fools]. At the same time it paves the way for new controversy and research. Old stories still capture our imagination and literary writers translate, or transform myths and texts for various reasons. For a writer and translator like the young Machado de Assis, translation is a peculiar form of aesthetic meditation. It is from this material that many literary works arise. For over a hundred years, Queda que as mulheres têm para os tolos was considered to be an original text by the Brazilian writer Machado de Assis. This edition proves that Queda is the translation of a particular edition of Victor Henaux’s De l’amour des femmes pour les sots. It is the first scholarly edition of Machado de Assis’ translation and the only contemporary edition of Victor Henaux’s essay

QUEDA QUE AS MULHERES TEM PARA OS TOLOS

The satirical essay De l’amour des femmes pour les sots [The Love of Women for Fools] caused controversy wherever it circulated. Originally written in French by Victor Hénaux, the author´s controversial ideas were discussed and argued about in the Belgian press in the late 1850s. In 1861 it was translated into Portuguese by the young Machado de Assis and published in Rio de Janeiro first in a newspaper, then as a book, where it stirred up the old debate about what is originality and imitation in literature. Some critics regarded it as an original text by the great Brazilian writer, while others viewed it as an adaptation or translation. This bilingual edition, carefully prepared by Ana Claudia da Silva Suriani and Eliane Fernanda Cunha Ferreira, finally solves the question of the authorship of Queda que as mulheres têm para os tolos [The Way Women Fall for Fools]. At the same time it paves the way for new controversy and research. Old stories still capture our imagination and literary writers translate, or transform myths and texts for various reasons. For a writer and translator like the young Machado de Assis, translation is a peculiar form of aesthetic meditation. It is from this material that many literary works arise. For over a hundred years, Queda que as mulheres têm para os tolos was considered to be an original text by the Brazilian writer Machado de Assis. This edition proves that Queda is the translation of a particular edition of Victor Henaux’s De l’amour des femmes pour les sots. It is the first scholarly edition of Machado de Assis’ translation and the only contemporary edition of Victor Henaux’s essay

Spatial and Temporal Epidemiology of Nephropathia Epidemica Incidence and Hantavirus Seroprevalence in Rodent Hosts: Identification of the Main Environmental Factors in Europe

International audienceIn Europe, the increasing number of nephropathia epidemica (NE) infections in humans, caused by Puumala virus carried by bank voles (Myodes glareolus), has triggered studies of environmental factors driving these infections. NE infections have been shown to occur in specific geographical areas characterized by environmental factors that influence the distribution and dynamics of host populations and virus persistence in the soil. Here, we review the influence of environmental conditions (including climate factors, food availability and habitat conditions) with respect to incidence in humans and seroprevalence in rodents, considering both direct and indirect transmission pathways. For each type of environmental factor, results and discrepancies between studies are presented and examined in the light of biological hypotheses. Overall, food availability and temperature appear to be the main drivers of host seroprevalence and NE incidence, but data quality and statistical approaches varied greatly among studies. We highlight the issues that now need to be addressed and suggest improvements for study design in regard to the current knowledge on hantavirus epidemiology

First insights into Puumala orthohantavirus circulation in rodent population in Alsace, France

International audienceIn-depth knowledge on the mechanisms that maintain infection by a zoonotic pathogen in an animal reservoir is the key to predicting and preventing transmission to humans. The Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV), the most prevalent orthohantavirus in Western Europe, causes a mild form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans. In France, this endemic illness affects the north-eastern part of the country. We conducted a 4-year capture-mark-recapture study in a bank vole population, combined with molecular analyses, to explore the epidemiological situation of PUUV in Alsace, a French region where human cases have occurred, but for which no studies have been conducted on this reservoir host. PUUV-infected bank voles were detected in the 2 years that showed high bank vole density with a prevalence of 4%. The individual PUUV sequences identified in this study were similar from year to year and similar to other French sequences. On a very small spatial scale, the distribution of seropositive bank voles was very heterogeneous in time and space. The short distances travelled on average by bank voles resulted in spatial clusters of seropositive rodents, which spread only very gradually throughout the year

Experimentally Infected Domestic Ducks Show Efficient Transmission of Indonesian H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus, but Lack Persistent Viral Shedding

Ducks are important maintenance hosts for avian influenza, including H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. A previous study indicated that persistence of H5N1 viruses in ducks after the development of humoral immunity may drive viral evolution following immune selection. As H5N1 HPAI is endemic in Indonesia, this mechanism may be important in understanding H5N1 evolution in that region. To determine the capability of domestic ducks to maintain prolonged shedding of Indonesian clade 2.1 H5N1 virus, two groups of Pekin ducks were inoculated through the eyes, nostrils and oropharynx and viral shedding and transmission investigated. Inoculated ducks (n = 15), which were mostly asymptomatic, shed infectious virus from the oral route from 1 to 8 days post inoculation, and from the cloacal route from 2-8 dpi. Viral ribonucleic acid was detected from 1-15 days post inoculation from the oral route and 1-24 days post inoculation from the cloacal route (cycle threshol