Economics of labor migration from Armenia: a conceptual study

Aleksandr V. Gevorkyan; Karina Mashuryan; Arkady Gevorkya

Diaspora and economic perspective

Abstract. Diaspora members are migrants also inhabitants who contribute to the society in which they live in. It’s like a process that implies transforming the relationship between home countries and host countries. Diaspora members always try to establish a potential relationship between countries through their multiple networks, identities and share things of belonging. Though the knowledge about diaspora is still limited they play a crucial role in economic perspective. It’s really necessary to understand not only their motivations but also the modalities of the diaspora to facilitate the development is one of the most important matters. There is a strong connection between the diaspora and the financial market in developing and emerging economies. Sometimes it’s difficult to attract foreign investors due to perceptions of high risk, volatile currencies, also for asymmetric information. In a border sense, diaspora may help to overcome this situation because of various perceptions of risk, informational advantages, and a bias toward home country capitalization. In economic perspective diaspora bonds, deposit account, remittance flows, transitional loans play a vital role in every sphere of development. A deposit account is conquered both in home and host countries. Another and most important part of a diaspora is the securitization of remittance flows. It allows banks to leverage remittance revenues for greater lending. Diaspora bonds permit the government to derive long term funds. There is also one kind of investment as a diaspora fund which assembles pools of individual investors for co-operative investments. Contributions of the diaspora to the home country beyond the standard monetary assistance. Ethnic and national identity make a difference between host countries and home countries

Operator Approach to the Master Equation for the One-Step Process

Presentation of the probability as an intrinsic property of the nature leads researchers to switch from deterministic to stochastic description of the phenomena. The procedure of stochastization of one-step process was formulated. It allows to write down the master equation based on the type of of the kinetic equations and assumptions about the nature of the process. The kinetics of the interaction has recently attracted attention because it often occurs in the physical, chemical, technical, biological, environmental, economic, and sociological systems. However, there are no general methods for the direct study of this equation. Leaving in the expansion terms up to the second order we can get the Fokker-Planck equation, and thus the Langevin equation. It should be clearly understood that these equations are approximate recording of the master equation. However, this does not eliminate the need for the study of the master equation. Moreover, the power series produced during the master equation decomposition may be divergent (for example, in spatial models). This makes it impossible to apply the classical perturbation theory. It is proposed to use quantum field perturbation theory for the statistical systems (the so-called Doi method). This work is a methodological material that describes the principles of master equation solution based on quantum field perturbation theory methods. The characteristic property of the work is that it is intelligible for non-specialists in quantum field theory. As an example the Verhulst model is used because of its simplicity and clarity (the first order equation is independent of the spatial variables, however, contains non-linearity). We show the full equivalence of the operator and combinatorial methods of obtaining and study of the one-step process master equation.Comment: in Russian; in Englis

The Economic Surplus, the Baran Ratio, and Long Wave Cycles

This paper briefly outlines the idea and development of the economic surplus concept at the macroeconomic level as opposed to the one in microeconomics often labeled as a Marshallian surplus. Of special interest and focus is the concept as developed and used by heterodox economists. The notion of a residual amount of output or income over and above what is necessary for a society’s consumption (education, housing, food, clothing, health care, transportation, and other necessities of life) that can be used either for further consumption by an elite class, used for reinvestment in productive activities, and/or wasted on unproductive efforts is one that has been and continues to be taught and used in heterodox and neo-Marxian economics. The relevancy of the economic surplus view to modern and recent US economic growth is examined especially in light of new ways that have been created to apply the economic surplus concept. Applications using the Baran Ratio and long wave cycles theory are demonstrated, and it appears that the Baran Ratio is a useful concept to help predict long wave movements that are based on the economic surplus