Gravitino Dark Matter and Neutrino Masses in Partial Split Supersymmetry

Partial Split Supersymmetry with bilinear R-parity violation allows to reproduce all neutrino mass and mixing parameters. The viable dark matter candidate in this model is the gravitino. We study the hypothesis that both possibilities are true: Partial Split Supersymmetry explains neutrino physics and that dark matter is actually composed of gravitinos. Since the gravitino has a small but non-zero decay probability, its decay products could be observed in astrophysical experiments. Combining bounds from astrophysical photon spectra with the bounds coming from the mass matrix in the neutrino sector we derive a stringent upper limit for the allowed gravitino mass. This mass limit is in good agreement with the results of direct dark matter searches.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figure

Density and reproductive characteristics of female brown bears in the Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain

Here we present annual nearest-neighbour distances (as a proxy of density) between females with cubs-of-the-year (hereafter FCOY) and reproductive characteristics of brown bears Ursus arctos in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain), from 1989 to 2017. FCOY nearest-neighbour distances and reproduction parameters of 19 focal females followed over several consecutive years (from 2004 to 2017) were obtained from bears inhabiting the western sector of the Cantabrian Mountains, where most of the bear population resides. In contrast, general reproductive characteristics were studied in the whole Cantabrian Mountains (western and eastern sectors together) on a sample of 362 litter sizes and 695 cubs. Mean nearest-neighbour distance between FCOY was 2559 ± 1222 m (range = 1305–4757 m). Mean litter size was significantly larger in the west (1.8 ± 0.2 cubs) than in the east (1.3 ± 0.6 cubs). Mean litter size for the whole of the Cantabrian Mountains was 1.6 ± 0.3 cubs. Litter sizes of one, two and three cubs represented 33.4, 56.1 and 10.5% of observed family groups, respectively. Interannual variations in litter size were not significant for both the western and the eastern areas. Mean cub mortality was 0.2 ± 0.5 cubs and did not vary among years. Cub mortality per litter size was 3.9% for one cub, 69.2% for two cubs and 26.9% for three cubs. Mean reproductive rate of the 19 focal females was 1.5 ± 0.6 cubs (n = 58 litters). Litter size of focal FCOY did not differ from the litter size obtained from systematic observations in the whole Cantabrian Mountains. During this period, cub mortality occurred in 24.1% of the 58 litters. Females usually bred every second year (average litter interval = 2.2 years). The estimated reproductive rate for the bear population was 0.7 young born/year/reproductive adult female

Luxaciones de rodilla: revisión de 11 casos

La luxación de rodilla es una entidad poco frecuente. El tratamiento incorrecto de esta lesión conlleva graves consecuencias cuando existen lesiones vasculares que amenazan la supervivencia de la extremidad afecta. Objetivo . analizar el manejo en urgencias, tratamiento definitivo, complicaciones y resultados funcionales en los pacientes diagnosticados de luxación de rodilla. Material y Métodos . Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo de 11 pacientes tratados en nuestro centro con diagnostico de luxación de rodilla entre junio del 2007 y febrero del 2013. Empleamos el Lysholm Score en la evaluación clínica. Resultados . En 8 de los 11 pacientes el tratamiento fue de manera conservadora. En los 3 pacientes intervenidos se optó por una reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior mediante plastia HTH. Los pacientes intervenidos obtuvieron mejor resultado funcional en relación con los no operados (91 puntos frente a 58). Conclusiones . Es fundamental conocer los principios básicos de actuación y tratamiento debido a las complicaciones potenciales que asocia.Knee dislocation is a rare entity. Improper treatment of this injury has serious consequences when vascular lesions that threaten the survival of the affected limb occur. Objective . To analyse the handling emergencies, definitive treatment, complications and functional outcomes in patients diagnosed with knee dislocation. Materials and methods . A retrospective study of 11 patients admitted to our hospital from June 2007 to February 2013 diagnosed with knee dislocation was performed. Clinical evaluation was carried out using the Lysholm score. Results . Eight out of the 11 patients were treated conservatively. Surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament plasty with HTH technique was used in three patients. Surgically-treated patients had better functional outcome compared to the non-operated (91 points versus 58). Conclusions . It is essential to know the basic principles of actuation and treatment because of the potential complications associate

Ballistic resistivity in aluminum nanocontacts

One of the major industrial challenges is to profit from some fascinating physical features present at the nanoscale. The production of dissipationless nanoswitches (or nanocontacts) is one of such attractive applications. Nevertheless, the lack of knowledge of the real efficiency of electronic ballistic/non dissipative transport limits future innovations. For multi-valent metallic nanosystems -where several transport channels per atom are involved- the only experimental technique available for statistical transport characterization is the conductance histogram. Unfortunately its interpretation is difficult because transport and mechanical properties are intrinsically interlaced. We perform a representative series of semiclassical molecular dynamics simulations of aluminum nanocontact breakages, coupled to full quantum conductance calculations, and put in evidence a linear relationship between the conductance and the contact minimum cross-section for the geometrically favored aluminum nanocontact configurations. Valid in a broad range of conductance values, such relation allows the definition of a transport parameter for nanomaterials, that represents the novel concept of ballistic resistivity

Tratamiento del choque femoroacetabular mediante miniabordaje anterior. Resultados a corto plazo

El tratamiento quirúrgico del choque femoroacetabular (CFA) es un práctica clínica cada vez más frecuente en nuestra especialidad. Objetivo. Analizar los resultados clínicos y radiológicos de una primera serie de pacientes diagnosticados de CFA intervenidos mediante miniabordaje anterior. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo de 30 pacientes con una edad media de 36,2 años y un seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses. La valoración clínica se ha realizado mediante las escalas SF-36, WOMAC y NAHS. Evaluamos la corrección radiológica de la deformidad y la progresión o no del grado de coxartrosis. Resultados. Se obtuvo una corrección adecuada de la deformidad en el 93% de los casos, 27 de los 30 pacientes presentaron una mejoría clínica significativa en los test realizados. La complicación más frecuente fue la meralgia parestésica del femorocutáneo (5 casos), 1 paciente precisó de sustitución protésica por evolución del grado de coxartrosis. Conclusiones. El tratamiento del CFA mediante mini abordaje anterior es un procedimiento seguro y reproducible. Permite la corrección de las anormalidades anatómicas y la obtención de resultados clínicos satisfactorios en una cohorte de pacientes jóvenes.Surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is an increasingly common clinical practice in our speciality. Aim. To analyze the clinical and radiological results of a first series of patients diagnosed with a FAI treated with anterior mini-open approach. Material and methods. Prospective study of 30 patients with a mean age of 36.2 years with a minimum follow-up of 12 months was made. Clinical assessment was performed using the SF-36, WOMAC and NAHS scales. We evaluate the correction of the radiologic deformity and progression of the osteoarthritis grade. Results. An adequate correction of the deformity in 93% of cases was obtained, 27 of the 30 patients showed significant clinical improvement in all tests performed. The most common complication was meralgia paresthesia of the femoro-cutaneous nerve (5 cases), 1 patient required prosthetic replacement for progression of the osteoarthritis grade. Conclusions. FAI treatment by mini-open approach is a safe and reproducible procedure. This technique allows correction of anatomical abnormalities and obtains satisfactory clinical outcomes in a cohort of young patients

Prótesis de pirocarbono en fracturas complejas de cabeza de radio.

Presentamos los resultados de un estudio observacional retrospectivo sobre 23 casos de fracturas complejas de cabeza de radio tratadas mediante la implantación de una prótesis cabeza radio de pircocarbono (Mo - Pyc). La distribución por sexos fue 10 hombres y 13 mujeres, y la edad media de 54 años. El seguimiento medio fue de 70 meses (48-93 meses). La principal causa fue una fractura de cabeza de radio no reconstruible con inestabilidad asociada de codo. La evaluación clínica se realizó con la Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). Radiográficamen - te se valoró la congruencia articular, el tamaño de la prótesis, la radiolucencia periprotésica, la osificación heterotópica y la osteoartritis. Al final del seguimiento la media de la escale MEPS fue 82/100, con 84 % resultados de excelentes y buenos. La flexión media fue de 130º, extensión -30º, pronación 76º y supinación 77º. La estabilidad del codo fue buena en todos los casos y no observamos migración proximal del radio. Observamos radiolucencia alrededor del vástago en 5 pacientes, pero sin aparente repercusión clínica. Las complicaciones fueron una paresia del nervio interóseo posterior con recuperación funcional al cabo de 11 semanas, 2 pacientes presentaron "overstuffing" con subluxación posterior asociada que necesitó realizar exéresis de la cabeza y una osificación heterotópica con repercu - sión sobre el balance articular que necesitó 2 cirugías, todos ellos con resultados clínicos aceptables. Los resultados son alentadores.The authors present the results of a retrospective observational study of 23 cases of a complex radial head fractures treated by pyrocarbon radial head prosthesis (MoPyc). This modular radial head prosthesis is compo - sed of a cementless titanium stem and a 15º angulated neck. The gender distribution was 10 men and 13 women, ave - rage age 54 years. The mean follow-up was 70 months (48-93 months). The main etiology was a radial head fracture with elbow instability. Clinical evaluation was performed using the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). Was assessed radiographically joint congruity, the size of the prosthesis, periprosthetic radiolucency, heterotopic ossifica - tion and osteoarthritis. At follow-up, the MEPS average was 82/100, with 84% of good and excellent results. Elbow flexion averaged 130º, extension -30º, pronation 76º and supination 77º. Elbow stability was good in all the cases, and no proximal migration of the radius occurred. Asymptomatic bone lucencies were found in five cases around the stem. Complications included paresis of the posterior interosseous nerve with functional recovery after 11 weeks, 2 patients had "overstuffing" associated with posterior subluxation and they need to perform excision of the head and one heterotopic ossification with articular impact on balance that needs two surgeries, all of them with acceptable clinical results. The preliminary results are encouragin

Tratamiento artroscópico de las roturas masivas del manguito rotador

La reparación artroscópica de las roturas masivas del manguito rotador (RMMR) es un procedimiento técnicamente exigente, que requiere de una indicación correcta, una buena técnica artroscópica y un adecuado tratamiento rehabilitador. El estudio clínico del paciente y las características de la lesión del manguito son fundamentales para establecer el plan estratégico y terapéutico, que debe incluir desde el tratamiento no quirúrgico hasta la reparación artroscópica, transferencias tendinosas artroscópicas, espaciadores subacromiales o artroplastias de hombro. La reparación artroscópica se establece en pacientes con roturas masivas reparables y sin degeneración grasa del manguito, las transferencias tendinosas se indican en pacientes jóvenes con importantes exigencias funcionales que presentan roturas masivas irreparables y los espaciadores subacromiales y las artroplastias de hombro para roturas irreparables en pacientes con baja demanda funcionalThe arthroscopic repair of a massive rotator cuff tear, is a technically demanding procedure. It requires correct indications, good arthroscopic skills and a proper rehabilitation program. The clinical study of the patient and the instances of the rotator cuff injury, are fundamental to determine a correct therapeutic strategy. This strategy should consider every option from non-surgical to arthroscopic repair, tendon transfers, subacromial spreaders or shoulder arthroplasties. The arthroscopic repair is the standard treatment in patients with massive repairable tears and with no fatty degeneration of the affected muscle. Meanwhile, the tendon transfers are indicated in young patients with highly functional demands that comprehend irreparable massive tears. The spreaders or subacromial balloons and the shoulder prosthesis are performed in irreparable tears in low functional demand patients