Karyotypes of european species of radix (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae) and their relevance to species distinction in the genus

Karyotypes of Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758) and three disputable taxa considered by different authors as distinct species or assigned as forms of Radix peregra (Muller, 1774), sensu lato - R. labiata (Rossmassler, 1835), R. balthica (Linnaeus, 1758), and R. ampla (Hartmann, 1821) - were studied with preparations obtained from gonad tissues by the airdrying method. The studied taxa have the same diploid number (2n = 34), but are characterized by different morphology of some chromosome pairs. In particular, R. labiata (traditionally identified as R. peregra, s. s.) and R. balthica (= R. ovata in traditional understanding) differ in the number of subtelocentric chromosomes (1 and 5, respectively), species status of these taxa being also supported by pronounced differences in centomeric indexes of chromosome pairs 4 and 16. Species distinctness of R. ampla is supported by differences in three chromosome pairs, and karyological similarity between this taxon and R. balthica is also noted. FN values varied among the studied taxa from 56 in R. ampla to 66 in R. labiata. The known karyological characters are traced on phylogenetic trees suggested by recent molecular reconstructions. This study demonstrates that karyology can be an effective tool for aiding taxonomic distinctions of historically problematic groups of molluscs

Karyotypes of two European species of the genus Lymnaea with disputable taxonomic status (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae)

Karyotypes of Lymnaea corvus and L. occulta are studied for the first time and compared to the original data on Ukrainian populations of L. palustris and L. stagnalis. While all the studied species have the same diploid chromosome number (2n = 36), they differ in chromosome morphology. Karyotypes of L. occulta and L. palustris include only biarmed chromosomes (number of arms = 72). In contrast, L. corvus and L. stagnalis have also uniarmed (acrocentric) chromosomes (number of arms = 60 and 62, respectively). Karyological data confirm specific distinctness of L. occulta and L. corvus; however, similarity in the chromosome morphology of the latter species to L. stagnalis is probably based on symplesiomorphies and, thus, cannot support phylogenetic relationship suggested earlier on the basis of anatomical characters. Kurzfassung. Karyotypen von zwei europдischen Arten der Gattung Lymnaea mit umstrittenem taxonomischen Status (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae). - Karyotypen von Lymnaea corvus und L. occulta wurden erstmalig untersucht und mit den originalen Daten fьr ukrainische Populationen von L. stagnalis und L. palustris verglichen. Alle untersuchten vier Arten weisen dieselbe Anzahl diploider Chromosomen auf (2n = 36), kцnnen aber durch die Morphologie der Chromosomen unterschieden werden. Die Karyotypen von L. occulta enthalten nur zweiarmige Chromosomen (Anzahl der Arme = 72). Im Gegensatz hierzu weisen L. corvus und L. stagnalis auch einarmige (akrozentrische) Chromosomen auf (Anzahl der Arme = 60 beziehungsweise 62). Die karyologischen Befunde bestдtigen die spezifische Verschiedenheit von L. occulta und L. corvus; jedoch ist die Дhnlichkeit in der Chromosomenmorphologie der letzteren Art gegenьber L. stagnalis wahrscheinlich auf Symplesiomorphien zurьckzufьhren, deshalb kann die frьher auf der Basis anatomischer Merkmale behauptete phylogenetische Verwandtschaft von L. corvus und L. stagnalis nicht unterstьtzt werden

Karyological Features of the Genus Planorbarius (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Bulinidae) of the Ukranian Fauna

The absence of significant distinctions between the species of the genus Planorbarius in the narrow sense (P. corneus, P. banaticus, P. purpura, and P. grandis) has been established. All investigated species had identical chromosomal formulas (2n= 30 m + 6 sm = 36) and fundamental numbers (FN = 72). Reproducible distinctions between them were not found by total complement length (TCL), relative length of chromosomes (RL), and centromeric indexes. The species selected on the basis of genetic marking differed clearly by centromeric index of chromosome 12, which confirms the allospecies frame of P.corneus s. lato

Features of the Genetic Structure of the Earthworms Aporrectodea (Superspecies) Caliginosa (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) Complex in Ukraine

An investigation of the genetic structure of the Aporrectodea caliginosa – A. trapezoids diploidpolyploid complex of earthworms found in the Ukraine is performed by means of biochemical genetic marking with respect to six loci (Aat, Es-1, -2, -3, and -4, and Mdh) and karyotyping. All 646 individuals from 21 samples are analyzed at the biochemical gene level and karyotype samples are obtained from 70 specimens. As a result, diploid amphimictic A. caliginosa individuals (2n = 36), which form panmictic populations, and triploid (2n = 54) A. trapezoides individuals, represented by 19 hypothetical clones discovered in the course of an analysis of 157 specimens, are clearly differentiated. A clear trend towards dominance of the triploid forms in the steppe zone of Ukraine is discovered. Here they represent roughly 70% as against 12% of all A. (superspecies) caliginosa individuals in the northern forest regions. Based on the stated nature of the heterozygosity of the loci studied and the behavior of the chromosomes in meiosis, it may be claimed that the cloned forms are allotriploids, formed as a result of hybridization of a series of related forms, which, judging from the allelic pools, does not include amphimictic species that now inhabit the territory of Ukraine. That is, either the apomictic clones of A. trapezoides lack a local origin and their appearance among the fauna of Ukraine is a consequence of settlement in arid steppe regions that are unfavorable for earthworms or, on the other hand, amphimictic A. caliginosa is an invasive species

Polyploid races, genetic structure and morphological features of the earthworm Octodrіlus transpadanus (Rosa, 1884) (Oligohaeta: Lumbricidae) in the Ukraine

Kariological investigation of the earthworm Octodrilus transpada-nus (Rosa, 1884) in the Ukraine showed that this species is represented by at least three races of different ploidy with the basic chromosome number n=15. Strict geographic heterogeneity of electrophoretic spectra of different populations was registered: south-eastern populations (7n=105) are characterized by a clonal structure, whereas western (from 3n = 45 to 4n = 60) and south-western (2n=30) ones have a high level of polymorphism. The Crimea sample (4n=60) is well isolated, has no clonal structure and is characterized by a series of specifi c alleles , which are absent in forms from continental Ukraine. All the forms turned out to be wel

Polyploid races, genetic structure and morphological features of earthworm Aporrectodea rosea (Savigny, 1826) (Oligohaeta: Lumbricidae) in Ukraine

Four chromosomal races (2n=36, 3n=54, 6n=108, 8n=144) and 96 clones have been revealed among 224 specimens of the earthworm A. rosea over the territory of Ukraine by means of karyological analysis and biochemical genetic marking. Each population has been showed by several clones at least; moreover the clones from different places have never been identical. The clones in the range of one population can be identified with the set of quantitative and qualitative parameters

On Sexual Dimorphism of Karyotypes of Viviparus Viviparus and V. Contectus (Gastropoda, Viviparidae)

On Sexual Dimorphism of Karyotypes of Viviparus viviparus and V. contectus (Gastropoda, Viviparidae). Andriichuk, T. V., Garbar, A. V. — Karyotype analysis of males and females of two Viviparid species Viviparus viviparus Linnaeus, 1758 and V. contectus (Millet, 1813), shows diff erences in their karyotypes in the absence of heteromorphic pairs of chromosomes. Th is indicates an epigamous mechanism of sex determination

Nanopreparations in technologies of plants growing

Received: December 1st, 2020 ; Accepted: March 25th, 2021 ; Published: March 30th, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected] use of engineered nanomaterials in sustainable agriculture has demonstrated a completely new way of food production that can potentially overcome uncertainty in the agricultural sector with limited available resources. Nanoparticle engineering is one of the latest technological innovations which demonstrate unique target characteristics. During 2013–2020, research on the directions and effectiveness of nanopreparations in plant growing: nutrient source, activation of photosynthesis, immunocorrectors, stimulators of seed germination, plant growth and development, multivalent drugs for increasing plant resistance to stress was conducted. Monoparticles, nanoparticle combinations, and chelate complex of nano fertilizers on crops of soybean were tested. Field research was conducted in a stationary field experiment of the Plant Science Department of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. The soil of the stationary experiment is typical chernozem. In research was used soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) of early-ripening variety Horol. Over the years of research, weather conditions varied, but were within the typical for zone of research. Average monthly temperatures were close or higher the perennial average indicators. The purpose of the research is to find out the influence of pre-sowing seed treatment and fertilizing of crops by nano-preparations Avatar (microfertilizer of carboxylates of natural acids), Iodis-concentrate (immunomodulator - stimulator of growth processes), and Super Micro Plus (nanochelate fertilizer) on leaf formation - rate, the activity of symbiotic nitrogen fixation and yield of soybean variety Horol. Nanopreparations were used for pre-sowing seed treatment and fertilizing - spraying during the growing season in several doses. The use of nanopreparations, as seed treatment in combination with inoculation and as fertilizer, intensified formation of the leaf surface area, symbiotic apparatus activity of soybean plants. The introduction of nanofertilizers complex in the top-dressing helped to increase yields and change the functional quality of crop products which indicates their unconditional effectiveness. Soybean yield significantly depended on weather conditions, varying from 1.23 to 3.48 t ha-1 depending on the weather conditions and the combination of seed inoculation and nanofertilizer. Soybean yield under favourable weather conditions in 2016, depending on the use of preparation combination ranged from 2.27 to 3.48 t ha-1 . As a result of the research, it was found that the use of nanopreparations Avatar, Jodis-concentrate and Super Micro Plus for seed treatment and fertilizing intensified leaf surface formation and symbiotic apparatus activity of soybean plants. The obtained results confirm that application of nanofertilizers complex Jodis-concentrate, Avatar and nano chelate fertilizer Super Micro Plus in the soybean fertilizing helped to increase the yield, which testifies to their unconditional effectiveness. The highest efficiency of nanofertilizers was shown by inoculation and seed treatment by Avatar and fertilizing by Avatar + nano chelate fertilizer Super Micro Plus, providing the formation of 52.4 thousand m2 ha-1 of leaf surface area of soybean varieties Horol, 69.7 pcs per plant of root nodules, 785 mg per plant of their weight and yield at the level of 2.79 t ha-1 an average of five years

The efficiency of combined application of mineral fertilizers, inoculants in soybean growing technology, and functioning of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis under increasing nitrogen rates

Received: May 16th, 2022 ; Accepted: October 13th, 2022 ; Published: November 18th, 2022 ; Correspondence: [email protected] is a valuable leguminous crop, whose productivity directly depends on many factors, among which nitrogen fertilizers are one of the most important. Nitrogen fertilizing of this crop is often given insufficient attention because the yield increase can be quite insignificant. The purpose of the research is to study the combined effect of biofertilizers and increasing rates of nitrogen mineral fertilizers on the growth, development, and yield of soybean varieties. The experiment is three-factorial: factor A - early ripening soybean varieties Annushka and Ustya, factor B – seeds inoculation by biofertilizer, and factor C - rates of mineral fertilizers application. Results of research shows the efficiency of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis during seed inoculation was established for nitrogen rates from N0 to N60 against the background of P60K60 - the biomass of nodule bacteria is 418–675 mg plant-1 . The application of N90P60K60 significantly reduces the number and mass of nodule bacteria - 207–241; N120P60K60 - 32.0–42.0 mg plant-1 , and with the introduction of P60K60 + N150–180 nodule bacteria are not formed and the effectiveness of microbiological drugs is not recorded. Nitrogenase activity with N0–90 application on the background of P60K60 and seed inoculation ranged from 3.25 to 7.76 μmol C2H4 per plant ha-1 . With a further increase in nitrogen levels, nitrogenase activity was not recorded. On typical chernozems of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, higher yields of early-ripening soybean varieties are formed by applying N60P60K60 and pre-sowing seeds treatment with rhizohumin or rhizohumin/hetomics combination. P60K60N150–180 showed a partial decrease in soybean yield due to the distress effect

Проблеми передавання термінів та терміносполук засобами української мови

Петрович, Л. І. Проблеми передавання термінів та терміносполук засобами української мови = Problems of transfer of terms and terms of references to Ukrainian / Л. І. Петрович, І. В. Гарбар, А. І. Гарбар // Гуманіт. вісн. НУК. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2021. – Вип. 13. – С. 44–48.У статті проаналізовано проблеми передавання термінів та терміносполук засобами української мови. Визначено доцільність передавання запозичених лексем засобами української мови в системі словотворчих правил.The article analyzes the problems of transferring terms and term phrases by means of Ukrainian language. The expediency of transferring the borrowed lexical terms by the means of Ukrainian language in the system of word-formation rules is determined