Penerapan Responsive Web Design Dalam Perancangan Sistem Modul Online Adaptif

Dewasa ini akses sebuah aplikasi web dapat melalui smartphone maupun tablet, sehingga terdapat tuntutan aplikasi web yang biasanya diakses melalui komputer, tetap responsif terhadap ukuran layar smartphone maupun tablet. Teknik tersebut dinamakan responsive web design, sebuah teknik yang digunakan desainer website untuk memberikan pengalaman visual yang elegan tanpa mempedulikan ukuran browser yang digunakan dan batasan apapun tentang cara mengakses perangkat tersebut. Berbagai sistem berbasis web lambat laun mulai menerapkan responsive web design termasuk sistem pembelajaran. Sebuah sistem pembelajaran rata-rata didesain sama untuk semua siswa yang mengikutinya. Hal ini tentu saja oleh siswa dirasa tidak cukup untuk memahami materi yang tersedia di sistem pembelajaran, mengingat gaya belajar setiap siswa berlainan. Sistem modul online adaptif diharapkan mampu menyediakan sumber pembelajaran yang disesuaikan dengan gaya belajar siswa. Sistem tersebut juga mampu mengakomodir lingkungan pembelajaran sesuai dengan gaya belajar siswa. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu sebuah sistem modul online adaptif yang dapat mengakomodir pembelajaran sesuai dengan gaya belajar siswa dan dapat diakses dimanapun, kapanpun, dan menggunakan perangkat genggam apapun sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi pada bidang pendidikan sekaligus personalisasi gaya belajar siswa

Detection and identification of pathogenic trypanosome species in tsetse flies along the Comoe River in Cote d'Ivoire

In order to identify pathogenic trypanosomes responsible for African trypanosomiasis, and to better understand tsetse-trypanosome relationships, surveys were undertaken in three sites located in different eco-climatic areas in Cote d'Ivoire during the dry and rainy seasons. Tsetse flies were caught during five consecutive days using biconical traps, dissected and microscopically examined looking for trypanosome infection. Samples from infected flies were tested by PCR using specific primers for Trypanosoma brucei s.l., T. congolense savannah type, T. congolense forest type and T. vivax. Of 1941 tsetse flies caught including four species, i.e. Glossina palpalis palpalis, G. p. gambiensis, G. tachinoides and G. medicorum, 513 (26%) were dissected and 60 (12%) were found positive by microscopy. Up to 41% of the infections were due to T. congolense savannah type, 30% to T. vivax, 20% to T. congolense forest type and 9% due to T. brucei s.l. All four trypanosome species and subgroups were identified from G. tachinoides and G. p. palpalis, while only two were isolated from G. p. gambiensis (T. brucei s.l., T. congolense savannah type) and G. medicorum (T. congolense forest, savannah types). Mixed infections were found in 25% of cases and all involved T. congolense savannah type with another trypanosome species. The simultaneous occurrence of T. brucei s.l., and tsetse from the palpalis group may suggest that human trypanosomiasis can still be a constraint in these localities, while high rates of T. congolense and T. vivax in the area suggest a potential risk of animal trypanosomiasis in livestock along the Comoe River

Multicentric assessment of the efficacy and tolerability of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine compared to artemether-lumefantrine in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in sub-Saharan Africa

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The choice of appropriate artemisinin-based combination therapy depends on several factors (cost, efficacy, safety, reinfection rate and simplicity of administration). To assess whether the combination dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) could be an alternative to artemether-lumefantrine (AL), the efficacy and the tolerability of the two products for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in sub-Saharan Africa have been compared.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A multicentric open randomized controlled clinical trial of three-day treatment of DP against AL for the treatment of two parallel groups of patients aged two years and above and suffering from uncomplicated falciparum malaria was carried out in Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal. Within each group, patients were randomly assigned supervised treatment. DP was given once a day for three days and AL twice a day for three days. Follow-up visits were performed on day 1 to 4 and on day 7, 14, 21, 28 to evaluate clinical and parasitological results. The primary endpoint was the recovery rate by day 28.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of 384 patients enrolled, 197 were assigned DP and 187 AL. The recovery rates adjusted by genotyping, 99.5% in the DP group and 98.9% in the AL group, were not statistically different (p = 0.538). No Early Therapeutic Failure (ETF) was observed. At day 28, two patients in the DP group and five in AL group had recurrent parasitaemia with <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it>. In the DP group, after PCR genotyping, one of the two recurrences was classified as a new infection and the other as recrudescence. In AL group, two recurrences were classified after correction by PCR as recrudescence. All cases of recrudescence were classified as Late Parasitological Failure (LPF). In each group, a rapid recovery from fever and parasitaemia was noticed. More than 90% of patients did no longer present fever or parasitaemia 48 hours after treatment. Both drugs were well tolerated. Indeed, no serious adverse events were reported during the follow-up period. Most of the adverse events which developed were moderate and did not result in the treatment being stopped in either treatment group.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine was as effective and well-tolerated as artemether-lumefantrine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. In addition, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, a single daily dose, could be an advantage over artemether-lumefantrine in Africa because of better treatment observance.</p

Distribution and Abundance of Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria in the Tropical Coastal Waters of Gunungkidul, YOGYAKARTA

This research was conducted to reveal the distribution and abundance of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) in the tropical coastal waters of Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Sampling site was determined at the coastal fish catchment area. We sampled and enumerated total bacterioplankton and AAP bacteria at four sampling depth which are 0, 4, 6, and 20 metre with five replicates each. Several dissolved nutrients such as nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, and sulfate in each respective depths were also measured. Several fluctuations in the nutrient distributions were observed and hypothesized as the regulating factors to the distribution and abundance of AAP bacteria as well as bacterioplankton. The results revealed that AAP bacteria were ranging from 3.83×102 –7.48×102 cell/ml, comprising about 1% to ~2.5% of total bacterioplankton. The abundance of both community were quite low and showed similar distributions with the nutrients. In conclusion, the distribution and abundance of AAP bacteria were regulated by nutrients as the bottom-up factors and also by predators such as nanoplanktons as the top-down factors

Diagnostic clinique et traitement de la trypanosomiase humaine africaine dans le contexte d'élimination

La trypanosomiase humaine africaine (THA) est une maladie séculaire, successivement négligée et oubliée qui a réussi à traverser le temps, depuis le début du XXe siècle jusqu'à nos jours. Elle est responsable de plusieurs millions de morts impactant négativement la vie sociale et économique des populations rurales d'Afrique subsaharienne. Si les principales manifestations cliniques n'ont pas varié depuis sa découverte, la recherche d'un traitement plus efficace, plus spécifique et moins toxique s'est poursuivie très timidement. Depuis la découverte du premier médicament, l'Atoxyl®, il y a plus de 120 ans, plusieurs autres molécules ont été adaptées au traitement de la THA. Cependant, aucune nouvelle molécule spécifique de la THA n'a été développée. Les recherches ont porté plutôt sur de nouveaux protocoles ou la combinaison de molécules déjà existantes et prévues pour le traitement d'autres maladies. Récemment toutefois, le traitement de première intention du deuxième stade de la THA à Trypanosoma brucei gambiense est passé du mélarsoprol, dérivé arsenical très toxique, à la combinaison thérapeutique de nifurtimox et d'éflornithine (NECT), puis au fexinidazole, avec en perspective, un traitement oral à dose unique à base d'acoziborole. Pour la seconde fois après le contrôle de l'endémie des années 1960, les efforts de lutte ont permis d'atteindre le plus bas nombre de nouveaux cas déclarés de THA en 2018, au point que l'OMS, ainsi que plusieurs autres initiatives (Campagne panafricaine d'éradication de la mouche tsé-tsé et de la trypanosomiase, Déclaration de Londres sur les maladies tropicales négligées, Objectifs de développement durable, etc.), visent son élimination comme problème de santé publique en 2020 et l'arrêt de la transmission en 2030. Ce contexte de faible incidence fait perdre toute rentabilité aux prospections médicales à la Jamot et appelle à un changement de stratégie. Il faut désormais privilégier la surveillance passive en intégrant le dépistage et le traitement de la THA dans les centres de santé périphériques. Cela nécessite, pour ce personnel non averti, un rappel de la symptomatologie clinique, essentielle à la suspicion de THA, et une information sur l'actualité thérapeutiqu

Spatial and temporal diversity of tsetse flies along Comoe River in Côte d’Ivoire

To investigate the spatial and temporal diversity of tsetse flies, vectors of trypanosomosis, in Ivory Coast, surveys were conducted on the Comoe River in three sites located in different ecoclimatic zones: north, center and south. They were carried out during the dry and rainy seasons. For each site and season, the flies were captured during five consecutive days in biconical traps arranged in transects perpendicular to the Comoe River. In Kafolo in savanna, three species and subspecies were captured regardless of the season: Glossina palpalis gambiensis, G. tachinoides and G. medicorum. In Aboisso-Comoe and Groumania, in forest and forest-savanna transition areas, respectively, only G. palpalis palpalis was captured. The apparent density per trap, all species combined, was higher in Kafolo than in Groumania and Aboisso-Comoe. It was 9.48 tsetse flies (tf)/trap/day (standard deviation [SD] = 26.30) in Kafolo, 0.79 tf/trap/day (SD = 2.65) in Groumania, and 0.18 tf/trap/day (SD = 0.58) in Aboisso Comoe in the dry season. In the rainy season, it was 3.64 tf/trap/day (SD = 9.76) in Kafolo and 1.42 tf/trap/day (SD = 2.35) in Groumania. These results show that the diversity of tsetse species along the Comoe River depends on the biotope conservation, as illustrated by the gradual disappearance of species such as G. morsitans submorsitans which was not captured during the study. We also confirm that only the major vector of human African trypano-somiasis, G. palpalis s.l., can adapt to humans