Ultrasonicated synthesis of some potent antimicrobial aryl sulphonamides

1373-1377Nine N-(2,4-difluorophenyl) substituted benzene sulphonamides have been synthesized by ultrasonication method within short reaction time having more than 90% yield. These sulphonamides have been analyzed by spectral and analytical techniques. The higher yields of sulphonamides have been found to be in case of ultrasonication process as compared to microwave and conventional heating methods. The antimicrobial activities of these sulphonamides have been evaluated using Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion method by means of measurement of mm of zone of inhibition

Enrichment and identification of large filamentous sulfur bacteria related to Beggiatoa species from brackishwater ecosystems of Tamil Nadu along the southeast coast of India

Beggiatoa species are filamentous sulfide-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the family Beggiatoaceae that contains several largest bacteria known today. These large sulfur bacteria occur in diverse ecosystems and play an important role in the global sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus cycle. In this study, sediment samples from brackishwater shrimp culture ponds and other brackishwater ecosystems from Tamil Nadu, southeast coast of India, were enriched for Beggiatoa species. Extracted hay medium supplemented with catalase was used and were incubated for two weeks at 28 °C. Out of seven set-ups, four yielded positive growth of filamentous sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. The filaments were several millimeters long, ranged in width between 2 and 15 μm and exhibited typical gliding motility. The 16S rRNA gene of four single filaments representing the four positive enrichments was subjected to PCR-DGGE followed by sequencing. All four filaments were affiliated to the Beggiatoaceae, but showed less than 89% identity with the Beggiatoa type strain Beggiatoa alba and less than 93% identity with any other sequence of the family. One of the four filaments revealed a nearly full-length 16S rDNA sequence (1411 bp) and it formed a monophyletic cluster with two of the partial DGGE-16S rRNA gene sequences (99–100% identity) within the Beggiatoa species cluster. These organisms could possibly represent a novel genus within the family Beggiatoaceae. The fourth partial sequence affiliated with less than 93% sequence identity to the genera Parabeggiatoa, Thioploca and Thiopilula, and was likewise strongly delineated from any sequence published in the family

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Hilfer fractional neutral stochastic Sobolev-type evolution hemivariational inequality: Existence and controllability☆

This paper discusses the approximate controllability of hemivariational inequalities of the Sobolev-type Hilfer fractional neutral stochastic evolution system. Firstly, by using fixed point theorems, fractional calculus, Hilfer fractional derivatives, multivalued maps and stochastic analysis, for stochastic fractional evolution systems, we demonstrate mild solutions. Whereupon we introduce necessary conditions that ensure the approximate controllability of stochastic fractional systems. As a final step, we define our primary outcomes using an example