Trapezoidal Spherical Fuzzy Numbers and its Application to Fuzzy Risk Analysis

Spherical fuzzy sets are a broader type of fuzzy sets that have the ability to handle various scenarios using their membership, non-membership, and neutral membership grades. These sets require that the total of the squares of these grades be no greater than one. This condition extends the possible values for the three grades and enables decision makers to have a wider range of options when assessing a situation. In solving real life problems, it is necessary to describe a real number as a spherical fuzzy set to incorporate the fuzziness, thus, the need to use trapezoidal spherical fuzzy numbers (TSFN).  In this paper, the membership functions of the TSFN, their arithmetic operations and their properties are discussed. Also, a ranking function is proposed to order the TSFNs. All these are used to solve a fuzzy risk analysis problem whose parameters are presented as TSFNs

Moral Views of Thiruvarutpa From Vallalar’s Point of View

Ramalinga Adigalar is credited with giving clarity and simplicity to Tamil poetry, which has been rich for more than 20 centuries and brought about a positive turn in the last century. It guides mankind to be completely liberated from suffering without getting buried in religion and philosophy. Vallalar's divine policy was in a manner that alleviated the sufferings of the poor and needy. It was aimed at freeing people from superstition. His religious policy was neither blind nor crude. His doctrine of God arising out of the practice of Saivam led him to the path of pure righteousness and guided him. The purpose of this article is to examine from Vallalar's point of view how Thiruvarutpa directs mankind to live with dignity without enmity and to rise to become great men

Discretized Linear Regression and Multiclass Support Vector Based Air Pollution Forecasting Technique

Air pollution is a vital issue emerging from the uncontrolled utilization of traditional energy sources as far as developing countries are concerned. Hence, ingenious air pollution forecasting methods are indispensable to minimize the risk. To that end, this paper proposes an Internet of Things (IoT) enabled system for monitoring and controlling air pollution in the cloud computing environment. A method called Linear Regression and Multiclass Support Vector (LR-MSV) IoT-based Air Pollution Forecast is proposed to monitor the air quality data and the air quality index measurement to pave the way for controlling effectively. Extensive experiments carried out on the air quality data in the India dataset have revealed the outstanding performance of the proposed LR-MSV method when benchmarked with well-established state-of-the-art methods. The results obtained by the LR-MSV method witness a significant increase in air pollution forecasting accuracy by reducing the air pollution forecasting time and error rate compared with the results produced by the other state-of-the-art methodsComment: 9 pages, 7 figures, Published with International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT

Novel Regression and Least Square Support Vector Machine Learning Technique for Air Pollution Forecasting

Air pollution is the origination of particulate matter, chemicals, or biological substances that brings pain to either humans or other living creatures or instigates discomfort to the natural habitat and the airspace. Hence, air pollution remains one of the paramount environmental issues as far as metropolitan cities are concerned. Several air pollution benchmarks are even said to have a negative influence on human health. Also, improper detection of air pollution benchmarks results in severe complications for humans and living creatures. To address this aspect, a novel technique called, Discretized Regression and Least Square Support Vector (DR-LSSV) based air pollution forecasting is proposed. The results indicate that the proposed DR-LSSV Technique can efficiently enhance air pollution forecasting performance and outperforms the conventional machine learning methods in terms of air pollution forecasting accuracy, air pollution forecasting time, and false positive rate.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, Article Published in April 2023, Volume 71, Issue 04, of SSRG-International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)", ISSN: 2231-538

ANTIFOULING EFFECTS OF GRACILARIA EDULIS TO SCREEN THE BIOCHEMICAL AND CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY IN MALLIPATTINAM HARBOUR

Ship operators have faced the problem of biofouling, or the adhesion and growth of organisms on submerged, man-made surfaces, for at least two millennia. Barnacles and other sessile marine invertebrates contribute to biofouling, which raises the frictional resistance of a ship's hull and increases the power and fuel needed to maintain speed. More than a century ago, scientists and engineers realized that a deeper understanding of the biology of the organisms involved particularly with regard to larval settlement and metamorphosis as well as adhesives and adhesion would be necessary to solve the biofouling problem. Using barnacles has been a valuable tool for this research. One strategy for studying innovative non-toxic anti-fouling materials used in this study is to take advantage of some marine organisms' intrinsic ability to manufacture chemical defense compounds in order to maintain an epibiont-free surface. In this study Gracilaria edulis was intensely analyzed for its biochemical constituents like protein and lipid content along with the cytotoxicity analysis. These newly developed materials can be helpful probes to further our understanding of these processes, even though basic research on topics like the nature of the interaction between organismal adhesives and the substrate or the ability of settling larvae to perceive surface cues has not had a significant impact on the development of most current biofouling control technologies

A PERSPECTIVE REVIEW ON APPLICATIONS OF NANOPARTICLE MEDIATED DRUG DELIVERY TO THE CNS

Delivery of drugs into the brain is one of the most interesting and challenging areas of research. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable membrane that separates blood from the brain in the central nervous system. It acts as a barrier to protect the brain from microbes, neurotoxins and other chemical substances and also blocks the entry of many drugs into the brain. An estimated 6.8 billion people die every year from CNS diseases like Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, sclerosis, brain stroke, dementia and others. According to WHO, one billion people are affected worldwide, about 50 million suffer from epilepsy and 24 million suffer from Alzheimer and other dementias. This indicates the importance of the delivery of drugs into the brain for treating various neurological diseases and psychological disorders. In drug targeting, a concept was introduced by Dr. Paul Ehrlich as a ‘magic bullet’ that gave tremendous hope for the researches to deliver drugs into the brain. This review discuses about various drug targeting strategies and applications of nanotechnology in designing drug delivery systems with the ability to cross through the BBB for treating neurological diseases

Comparative Evaluation of Marginal Sealing Ability of Two Materials used as Pit and Fissure Sealants using Dye Penetration Method: An Invitro study

INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is still highly prevalent all over the world. The occlusal surface of the teeth has pit and fissures which provide good environment for microbes causing it. Sealing these areas reduces the risk of occlusal caries which is done by pit and fissure sealant. The success of pit and fissure sealant depends on the marginal sealing ability of the material. There is limited l iterature evidence on Conseal F and Embrace Wet Bond in terms of marginal sealing ability. With this background the present invit ro study was carried out to evaluate and compare the marginal sealing ability of Conseal F and Embrace Wet Bond. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study was carried out to evaluate and compare the marginal sealing ability of two commercially available pit and fissure sealants using dye penetration method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 human premolar teeth were used in this invitro study and were divided into two groups. Group I included 25 teeth for application of Conseal F sealant and Group II included 25 teeth for application of Embrace Wet Bond sealant. Samples were stored in artificial saliva for 72 hours before thermocycling. The samples were immersed in 1% methylene blue solution for 24 hours, rinsed to remove excess dye and sectioned. The sectioned samples were examined under an Optical Stereomicroscope and compared in terms of the extent of microleakage based on the amount of dye penetration between the sealant and tooth substance interface. The dye penetration scores in both the groups was statistically analyzed using Chi square test and Mann Whitney Test. A P- value < 0. 05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: It was seen that in Group I, 9 samples (36%) had no dye penetration (Grade 0) while in Group II, 6 samples (24%) demonstrated Grade 0 penetration. Group II had the most extensive dye penetration (Grade 3) in 8 of 25 samples (32%) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: On comparison of the microleakage scores of the groups, a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups; indicating a better performance of Conseal F as compared to Embrace wet bond

Characterization of semigroup by rough interval pythagorean fuzzy set

This paper expose a study on rough interval valued pythagorean fuzzy sets in semigroups. We characterize rough interval valued pythagorean fuzzy sets by an example. Characterize composition of two interval valued pythagorean fuzzy sets. Introduce rough interval valued pythagorean fuzzy left(right, bi-, interior-,(1,2)-)ideals in semigroups. Moreover we prove an interval valued pythagorean fuzzy set is an upper rough interval valued pythagorean fuzzy left(right) ideal of semigroup also we give an example for converse of this is not true. Lower and upper approximation of an interval valued pythagorean fuzzy ideal of semigroup is an interval valued pythagorean fuzzy ideal of semigroup.Publisher's Versio

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS ON THE TENSILE BEHAVIOUR OF ABACA FIBER REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES

Abaca fibers were subjected to different chemical treatments like alkali treatment, permanganate treatment, acrylation &amp; benzene diazonium chloride treatment and these chemically treated fibers were used as reinforcements in the preparation of polypropylene composites by hot compression moulding method. Various composites were fabricated with different fiber loadings of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%. Abaca composites with 40% fiber loadings were found to have optimum properties when tensile tests were carried out and the study also revealed that treated composites were found to have improved tensile properties when compared to untreated composites. Among all the treatments carried out benzene diazonium chloride treated abaca fiber reinforced polypropylene composites showed higher tensile strength. These composites showed 82.38% increase in tensile strength when compared to untreated composites for 40% fiber loading.&nbsp