5,307 research outputs found
Evolutionary approach for finding the atomic structure of steps on stable crystal surfaces
The problem addressed here can be concisely formulated as follows: Given a stable surface orientation with a known reconstruction and given a direction in the plane of this surface, find the atomic structure of the steps oriented along that direction. We report a robust and generally applicable variable-number genetic algorithm for determining the atomic configuration of crystallographic steps, and exemplify it by finding structures for several types of monatomic steps on Si(114)-2Ă1. We show that the location of the step edge with respect to the terrace reconstructions, the step width (number of atoms), and the positions of the atoms in the step region can all be simultaneously determined
The stability of strained H:Si(105) and H:Ge(105) surfaces
We report atomic scale studies of the effect of applied strain and hydrogen
environment on the reconstructions of the (105) Si and Ge surfaces. Surface
energy calculations for monohydride-terminated (001) and (105) reconstructions
reveal that the recently established single-height rebonded model is unstable
not only with respect to (001), but also in comparison to other monohydride
(105) structures. This finding persists for both Si and Ge, for applied biaxial
strains from -4% to 4%, and for nearly the entire relevant domain of the
chemical potential of hydrogen, thus providing an explanation for the recently
observed H-induced destabilization of the Ge(105) surface
Harnessing Intellectual Resources in a Collaborative Context to Create Value
The value of electronic collaboration has arisen as successful organisations recognize that they need to convert their intellectual resources into customized services. The shift from personal computing to interpersonal or collaborative computing has given rise to ways of working that may bring about better and more effective use of intellectual resources. Current efforts in managing knowledge have concentrated on producing; sharing and storing knowledge while business problems require the combined use of these intellectual resources to enable organisations to provide innovative and customized services. In this chapter the collaborative context is developed using a model for electronic collaboration through the use of which organisations may mobilse collaborative technologies and intellectual resources towards achieving joint effect.electronic collaboration;value creation;collaborative computing;knowledge management and intellectual resources
From infall to rotation around young stellar objects: A transitional phase with a 2000 AU radius contracting disk?
Evidence for a transitional stage in the formation of a low-mass star is
reported, intermediate between the fully embedded and the T Tauri phases.
Millimeter aperture synthesis observations in the HCO+ J=1-0 and 3-2, HCN 1-0,
13CO 1-0, and C18O 1-0 transitions reveal distinctly different velocity fields
around two embedded, low-mass young stellar objects. The 0.6 M(sun) of material
around TMC 1 (IRAS 04381+2517) closely follows inside-out collapse in the
presence of a small amount of rotation (~3 km/s/pc), while L1489 IRS (IRAS
04016+2610) is surrounded by a 2000 AU radius, flared disk containing 0.02
M(sun). This disk shows Keplerian rotation around a ~0.65 M(sun) star and
infall at 1.3 (r/100 AU)^-0.5 km/s, or, equivalently, sub-Keplerian motions
around a central object between 0.65 and 1.4 M(sun). Its density is
characterized by a radial power law and an exponential vertical scale height.
The different relative importance of infall and rotation around these two
objects suggests that rotationally supported structures grow from collapsing
envelopes over a few times 10^5 yr to sizes of a few thousand AU, and then
decrease over a few times 10^4 yr to several hundred AU typical for T Tauri
disks. In this scenario, L1489 IRS represents a transitional phase between
embedded YSOs and T Tauri stars with disks. The expected duration of this phase
of ~5% of the embedded stage is consistent with the current lack of other known
objects like L1489 IRS. Alternative explanations cannot explain L1489 IRS's
large disk, such as formation from a cloud core with an unusually large
velocity gradient or a binary companion that prevents mass accretion onto small
scales. It follows that the transfer and dissipation of angular momentum is key
to understanding the formation of disks from infalling envelopes.Comment: Accepted ApJ. 33 pages, including 10 B/W figures and 1 color figure.
Uses AASTe
Reading on the Ropes: A Pilot Study of an Accelerated Remediation Program with Alternative High School Students
High school students must read to learn curriculum, yet few interventions are proven to substantially help close literacy gaps for older students with reading deficits. Students with large literacy deficits particularly benefit from explicit, systematic instruction of interventions emphasizing the structure of language (i.e., phonology, orthography, syntax, morphology, semantics, pragmatics), aspects of cognition (i.e., problem solving, attention, reasoning, and inferencing), and organization of spoken and written language.
A 14-week pilot study of Readable English, a reading intervention using these structured literacy elements, provided embedded interactive orthography to scaffold online grade level content for students at two alternative high schools (N = 25). Students in the treatment group showed significant and meaningful increases in standardized tests of reading accuracy, fluency, and reading comprehension compared to minimal or no gains in the control group. Transfer effects from students using the Readable English markup to reading in standard English were demonstrated. Implications for use as accelerated remediation intervention for older adolescents are discussed
Simultaneous Inversion of cross-dipole acoustic waveforms in anisotropic media for azimuthal angle and dispersion of fast and slow shear waves
A method to jointly invert for azimuthal angle and dispersion relations from cross-dipole data is presented. Dispersion curves from the joint inversion are compared to both Pronyâs method and a simple back propagation schema and an agrrement is found. The azimuthal angle estimate is shown to differ from a frequency domain rotaion that takes no account of dispersion within the waveforms indicating the importance of joint inversion.Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Earth Resources LaboratoryMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Borehole Acoustics and Logging Consortiu
GBM Observations of V404 Cyg During its 2015 Outburst
V404 Cygni was discovered in 1989 by the X-ray satellite during its
only previously observed X-ray outburst and soon after confirmed as a black
hole binary. On June 15, 2015, the Gamma Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) triggered on a
new outburst of V404 Cygni. We present 13 days of GBM observations of this
outburst including Earth occultation flux measurements, spectral and temporal
analysis. The Earth occultation fluxes reached 30 Crab with detected emission
to 100 keV and determined, via hardness ratios, that the source was in a hard
state. At high luminosity, spectral analysis between 8 and 300 keV showed that
the electron temperature decreased with increasing luminosity. This is expected
if the protons and electrons are in thermal equilibrium during an outburst with
the electrons cooled by the Compton scattering of softer seed photons from the
disk. However, the implied seed photon temperatures are unusually high,
suggesting a contribution from another source, such as the jet. No evidence of
state transitions is seen during this time period. The temporal analysis
reveals power spectra that can be modeled with two or three strong, broad
Lorentzians, similar to the power spectra of black hole binaries in their hard
state
Equivalence of the Path Integral for Fermions in Cartesian and Spherical Coordinates
The path-integral calculation for the free energy of a spin-1/2 Dirac-fermion
gas is performed in spherical polar coordinates for a flat spacetime geometry.
Its equivalence with the Cartesian-coordinate representation is explicitly
established. This evaluation involves a relevant limiting case of the fermionic
path integral in a Schwarzschild background, whose near-horizon limit has been
shown to be related to black hole thermodynamics.Comment: 16 page
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