Universal imprinting of chirality with chiral light by employing plasmonic metastructures

Chirality, either of light or matter, has proved to be very practical in biosensing and nanophotonics. However, the fundamental understanding of its temporal dynamics still needs to be discovered. A realistic setup for this are the so-called metastructures, since they are optically active and are built massively, hence rendering an immediate potential candidate. Here we propose and study the electromagnetic-optical mechanism leading to chiral optical imprinting on metastructures. Induced photothermal responses create anisotropic permittivity modulations, different for left or right circularly polarized light, leading to temporal-dependent chiral imprinting of hot-spots, namely imprinting of chirality. The above effect has not been observed yet, but it is within reach of modern experimental approaches. The proposed nonlinear chiroptical effect is general and should appear in any anisotropic material; however, we need to design a particular geometry for this effect to be strong. These new chiral time-dependent metastructures may lead to a plethora of applications.Comment: Main (29 pages, 6 figures) and supplemental (46 pages, 35 figures

From planning to practice: building the national network for the surveillance of severe maternal morbidity

Background: Improving maternal health is one of the Millennium Development Goals for 2015. Recently some progress has been achieved in reducing mortality. On the other hand, in developed regions, maternal death is a relatively rare event compared to the number of cases of morbidity; hence studying maternal morbidity has become more relevant. Electronic surveillance systems may improve research by facilitating complete data reporting and reducing the time required for data collection and analysis. Therefore the purpose of this study was to describe the methods used in elaborating and implementing the National Network for the Surveillance of Severe Maternal Morbidity in Brazil. Methods: The project consisted of a multicenter, cross-sectional study for the surveillance of severe maternal morbidity including near-miss, in Brazil. Results: Following the development of a conceptual framework, centers were selected for inclusion in the network, consensus meetings were held among the centers, an electronic data collection system was identified, specific software and hardware tools were developed, research material was prepared, and the implementation process was initiated and analyzed. Conclusion: The conceptual framework developed for this network was based on the experience acquired in various studies carried out in the area over recent years and encompasses maternal and perinatal health. It is innovative especially in the context of a developing country. The implementation of the project represents the first step towards this planned management. The system online elaborated for this surveillance network may be used in further studies in reproductive and perinatal health

Vaginally Administered PEGylated LIF Antagonist Blocked Embryo Implantation and Eliminated Non-Target Effects on Bone in Mice

Female-controlled contraception/HIV prevention is critical to address health issues associated with gender inequality. Therefore, a contraceptive which can be administered in tandem with a microbicide to inhibit sexually transmitted infections, is desirable. Uterine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is obligatory for blastocyst implantation in mice and associated with infertility in women. We aimed to determine whether a PEGylated LIF inhibitor (PEGLA) was an effective contraceptive following vaginal delivery and to identify non-uterine targets of PEGLA in mice

Resources and procedures in the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) or hysterectomy in Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Background: Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is the most common complaint of women seeking gynecological care. Treatments included surgical or medical options including hysterectomy and the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) due to the profound suppression of endometrial growth that intrauterine LNG exerts which results in amenorrhea or in a reduction of blood loss. Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the resources and procedures involved in inserting an LNG-IUS compared to performing hysterectomy in women with HMB in a public sector hospital in Brazil. Study design: Two cohorts of women were studied: women who accepted an LNG-IUS (n=124) and matched women who underwent hysterectomy on the same day (n=122). We evaluate the number of procedures carried out in each group of women, including those performed before the decision was made to insert an LNG-IUS or to perform hysterectomy, the insertion of the device itself and the surgical procedure, in addition to the procedures and complications registered up to I year after LNG-IUS insertion or hysterectomy. Results: Age and the duration of HMB were significantly lower in the LNG-IUS acceptors than women at the hysterectomy group. The numbers of gynecological consultations and Pap smears were similar in both groups; however, women in the hysterectomy group also underwent laboratory tests, ultrasonography, chest X-ray and electrocardiogram. In the hysterectomy group, the main complications were hemorrhage (six), bladder/bowel perforation (four), complications with anesthesia (one), ureteral reimplantation required (one) and abdominal pain (two). At I year, HMB was controlled in 83.1% of women in the LNG-IUS group, and 106 women continued with the device. Conclusions: Both treatments were effective in HMB control. Fewer resources and complications were observed in LNG-IUS acceptors when compared to hysterectomy. The LNG-IUS represents a good strategy for reducing the number of hysterectomies and the resources required for women with HMB. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.863244250Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)CNPq [573747/2008-3

Estimated disability-adjusted life years averted by free-of-charge provision of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system over a 9-year period in Brazil

The objective was to analyse the contribution of the provision at no cost to users of the 20 mu g/day levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) towards disability-adjusted life years (DALY) averted over a 9-year period. We analysed data from 15 030 new users of the LNG-IUS who had the device inserted at 26 Brazilian teaching hospitals between January 2007 and December 2015. The devices came from the International Contraceptive Access Foundation (ICA), a not-for-profit foundation that donates the devices to developing countries for use by low-income women who desire long-term contraception and who freely choose to use this device. Estimation of the DALY averted included live births averted, maternal morbidity and mortality, child mortality and unsafe abortions averted. A total of 15 030 women chose the LNG-IUS as a contraceptive method during the study period. Over the 9 years of evaluation, the estimated cumulative contribution of the Brazilian program in terms of DALY averted consisted of 486 live births, 14 cases of combined maternal mortality and morbidity, 143 cases of child mortality and 410 unsafe abortions. Provision of the LNG-IUS at no cost to low-income Brazilian women reduced unwanted pregnancies and probably averted maternal mortality and morbidity, child mortality and unsafe abortions. Family planning programs, policymakers and stakeholders based in low-resource settings could take advantage of the information that the provision of this contraceptive at no cost, or at affordable cost to a publicly-insured population, is an effective policy to help promote women's health433181185CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP573747/2008/32015/20504/9International Contraceptive Access Foundation, Turku, Finlan

Telerehabilitación en artroplastía de rodilla, alternativa terapéutica y desafío ético: Telerehabilitation in knee arthroplasty, therapeutic alternative and ethical challenge

Mr. Editor Acting as an alternative to the traditional treatment applied by kinesiologists, physical therapists or physiotherapists, telerehabilitation emerges, which as an emerging telemedicine field, is defined as a set of tools and procedures to develop the rehabilitation process remotely. With increasing support and evidence, it is used in a wide range of clinical conditions, providing an opportunity to people in rural and remote areas to obtain high-quality consulting and advice A main point of interest is people who underwent knee arthroplasty, the vast majority of whom are older adults, and who, while they remain in rehabilitation therapy, are in a state of fragility, demand the assistance of family members or caregivers and must assume costs and extra time to travel to be seen. For them, telerehabilitation is considered an effective alternative after hospital discharge, since similar results are obtained to conventional treatment in functional status and level of physical activity and, as it is developed with specialized clinical supervision, it reduces the costs of care maintaining an efficacy similar to traditional treatment at home or clinic.Sr. Editor Como una alternativa al tratamiento tradicional aplicado por kinesiólogos, terapeutas físicos o fisioterapeutas surge la telerehabilitación, que como campo emergente de la telemedicina, es definida como un conjunto de herramientas y procedimientos para desarrollar el proceso de rehabilitación de forma remota. Con cada vez mayor respaldo y evidencia, es utilizado en una amplia gama de afecciones clínicas, brindando una oportunidad para que las personas de zonas rurales y remotas obtengan consultoría y asesoramiento de alta calidad. Un foco de interés son las personas operadas con artroplastía de rodilla, que en su gran mayoría son adultos mayores, y que mientras se mantienen en terapia de rehabilitación cursan por un estado de fragilidad, demandan de la asistencia de familiares o cuidadores y deben asumir costos y tiempo extra para trasladarse a ser atendidos. Para ellos la telerehabilitación se considera una alternativa eficaz después del alta hospitalaria, dado que se obtienen resultados similares al tratamiento convencional en el estado funcional y el nivel de actividad física y al ser desarrollada con una supervisión clínica especializada reduce los costos de atención médica manteniendo una eficacia similar al tratamiento tradicional en el hogar o la clínica

Motivos para participar en competiciones de resistencia en corredores urbanos de Chile

Barrios y Cardozo (2002) elaboraron un cuestionario de 23 preguntas relacionadas con los motivos para participar en carreras urbanas. Ellos encontraron que los motivos de corredores en Cuba se relacionaban con el logro de metas personales, la comprobación de su aptitud física, satisfacción, etc. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue conocer los motivos que llevan a corredores urbanos chilenos a participar en carreras de resistencia y describir cómo influyen las variables de sexo, nivel de estudio, experiencia competitiva y edad sobre esas motivaciones. La muestra estuvo constituida por 533 corredores urbanos, de los cuales el 66,2% son hombres y el 33,8% son mujeres. En relación a la edad, el 19,1% corresponde a menores de 18 años, el  68,7% tiene entre 18 y 40 años y el 12,2% son mayores de 40 años. Los resultados muestran que en ambos sexos y en todas las edades los motivos principales son cumplir la meta que me tracé y competir contra mi propia marca, los cuales tienen que ver con metas de logro personal. No se observan diferencias entre ambos sexos, las edades, la experiencia competitiva o el nivel de estudios en los motivos de participación en este tipo de  eventos