Silver nanoparticles green synthesis: A mini review

Nanotechnology is a significant field of contemporary research dealing with design, synthesis, and manipulation of particle structures ranging from in the region of 1-100 nm. Nanoparticles (NPs) have broad choice of applications in areas such as fitness care, cosmetics, foodstuff and feed, environmental health, mechanics, optics, biomedical sciences, chemical industries, electronics, space industries, drug-gene delivery, energy science, optoelectronics, catalysis, single electron transistors, light emitters, nonlinear optical devices, and photo-electrochemical applications. Nano Biotechnology is a speedily mounting scientific field of producing and constructing devices, an important area of research in nano biotechnology is the synthesis of NPs with different chemical compositions, sizes and morphologies, and controlled dispersities. Silver nanoparticles (NPs) have been the subjects of researchers because of their unique properties (e.g., size and shape depending optical, antimicrobial, and electrical properties). A variety of preparation techniques have been reported for the synthesis of silver NPs; notable examples include, laser ablation, gamma irradiation, electron irradiation, chemical reduction, photochemical methods, microwave processing, and biological synthetic methods. This assessment presents a general idea of silver nanoparticle preparation. The aim of this analysis article is, therefore, to replicate on the existing state and potential prediction, especially the potentials and limitations of the above mentioned techniques for industries

A greener and sustainable approach for converting polyurethane foam rejects into superior polyurethane coatings

Recycling is a crucial area of research in green polymer chemistry. Various developments in recycling are driven by Environmental concerns, interest in sustainability and desire to decrease the dependence on non-renewable petroleum based materials. Polyurethane foams [PUF] are widely used due to their light weight and superior heat insulation as well as good mechanical properties. As per survey carried Polyurethane Foam Association, 12 metric tonnes of polyurethane foam are discharged during manufacturing and/or processing and hence recycling of PUF is necessary for better economics and ecological reasons. In present study, rejects of PUF is subjected to reaction with a diethylene amine in presence of sodium hydroxide [NaOH

Common variants in CLDN2 and MORC4 genes confer disease susceptibility in patients with chronic pancreatitis

A recent Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) identified association with variants in X-linked CLDN2 and MORC4 and PRSS1-PRSS2 loci with Chronic Pancreatitis (CP) in North American patients of European ancestry. We selected 9 variants from the reported GWAS and replicated the association with CP in Indian patients by genotyping 1807 unrelated Indians of Indo-European ethnicity, including 519 patients with CP and 1288 controls. The etiology of CP was idiopathic in 83.62% and alcoholic in 16.38% of 519 patients. Our study confirmed a significant association of 2 variants in CLDN2 gene (rs4409525—OR 1.71, P = 1.38 x 10-09; rs12008279—OR 1.56, P = 1.53 x 10-04) and 2 variants in MORC4 gene (rs12688220—OR 1.72, P = 9.20 x 10-09; rs6622126—OR 1.75, P = 4.04x10-05) in Indian patients with CP. We also found significant association at PRSS1-PRSS2 locus (OR 0.60; P = 9.92 x 10-06) and SAMD12-TNFRSF11B (OR 0.49, 95% CI [0.31–0.78], P = 0.0027). A variant in the gene MORC4 (rs12688220) showed significant interaction with alcohol (OR for homozygous and heterozygous risk allele -14.62 and 1.51 respectively, P = 0.0068) suggesting gene-environment interaction. A combined analysis of the genes CLDN2 and MORC4 based on an effective risk allele score revealed a higher percentage of individuals homozygous for the risk allele in CP cases with 5.09 fold enhanced risk in individuals with 7 or more effective risk alleles compared with individuals with 3 or less risk alleles (P = 1.88 x 10-14). Genetic variants in CLDN2 and MORC4 genes were associated with CP in Indian patients

Confinement effects at nanoscale in natural rubber composites: Influence on macroscopic properties

International audienceThe study of molecular level interactions in elastomer composites has got very scant attention even though a large number of studies are going on in this topic. This work embodies the understanding of confinement effects in natural rubber (NR)/ ZnO composites from micro to nano length scales, and their influence on macroscopic properties of the composites. The interactions between fillers and matrix are characterized from the Donth's approach, which allows estimating the cooperativity size N at the glass transition, N being directly related to the filler-matrix interactions. The improved properties of NR-nano ZnO composites can be attributed to microstructural and morphological changes due to nano ZnO in the NR matrix. A correlation between N, the constrained volume Cv and the thickness of immobilized polymer chains χm at the glass transition has also been established. Thus, this work proves that the Donth's approach is a powerful probe to estimate the enhance of mechanical properties in nanocomposites from calorimetric investigations

Confinement effects at nanoscale in natural rubber composites: Influence on macroscopic properties

International audienceThe study of molecular level interactions in elastomer composites has got very scant attention even though a large number of studies are going on in this topic. This work embodies the understanding of confinement effects in natural rubber (NR)/ ZnO composites from micro to nano length scales, and their influence on macroscopic properties of the composites. The interactions between fillers and matrix are characterized from the Donth's approach, which allows estimating the cooperativity size N at the glass transition, N being directly related to the filler-matrix interactions. The improved properties of NR-nano ZnO composites can be attributed to microstructural and morphological changes due to nano ZnO in the NR matrix. A correlation between N, the constrained volume Cv and the thickness of immobilized polymer chains χm at the glass transition has also been established. Thus, this work proves that the Donth's approach is a powerful probe to estimate the enhance of mechanical properties in nanocomposites from calorimetric investigations