The effects of estradiol and human chorionic gonadotropin on acth cells in peripubertal female rats: A histological and stereological study

The effects of estradiol (EDP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) on histological and stereological features of adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) cells in peripubertal female rats were examined. The first group of females received five injections of EDP (0.25 mg/kg b.w.), every second day from the 4th to 14th day after birth, and was killed at the peripubertal stage. The second group of females was given two injections of pregnyl-gonadotrophinum chorionicum (HCG; 50 IU/kg body weight) on the 36th and 37th days after birth, and it was killed 24 h after the last treatment. The controls were injected with an equivalent volume of the corresponding vehicle. ACTH cells were immunohistochemically labeled and stereologically evaluated. Stereological analysis showed that the volume of ACTH cells and their volume density in peripubertal females treated with EDP, were decreased by 15.6% and 53.8% (p<0.05), respectively, compared to the controls. In HCG-treated animals, the observed parameters were increased by 39.2% and 15.4% (p<0.05), respectively, in comparison with the control females. These findings suggest that the application of EDP or HCG exerted opposite effects on the stereological features of pituitary ACTH cells

Twist mediates suppression of inflammation by type I IFNs and Axl

Type I interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines with antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. The immunosuppressive actions of type I IFNs are poorly understood, but IFN-mediated suppression of TNFα production has been implicated in the regulation of inflammation and contributes to the effectiveness of type I IFNs in the treatment of certain autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated mechanisms by which type I IFNs suppress induction of TNFα production by immune complexes, Fc receptors, and Toll-like receptors. Suppression of TNFα production was mediated by induction and activation of the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase and downstream induction of Twist transcriptional repressors that bind to E box elements in the TNF promoter and suppress NF-κB–dependent transcription. Twist expression was activated by the Axl ligand Gas6 and by protein S and apoptotic cells. These results implicate Twist proteins in regulation of TNFα production by antiinflammatory factors and pathways, and provide a mechanism by which type I IFNs and Axl receptors suppress inflammatory cytokine production

Exploring the quality of social information disclosed in non-financial reports of Croatian companies

By enacting the provisions of Directive 2014/95/EU and the Croatian Accounting Act on disclosing non-financial and diversity information, companies of public interest registering 500 and more employees are required to disclose non-financial information. The purpose of this research is to assess the quality of disclosed social information in non- financial/sustainability reports of Croatian companies. The assessment of the social information was grounded on the framework defined by globally accepted sustainability reporting standards by assessing the quality of social subcategories of human rights, labour practice, community/society and product, measured by attributes of relevance, clarity, verifiability, comparability and clarity. With the overall quality score of 13.16 (out of possible 36), the results prove that Croatian companies do disclose certain social information, but the reliability of this information for benchmarking and competitiveness assessment is questionable, as a consensus on the minimum of information to be disclosed as a fundamental requirement for benchmarking has not yet been reached

Language properties of Italian postmodern internet advertising; Языковые особености италиянского постмодернистского рекламирования на интернете

Својства савремених облика оглашавања у теорији маркетинга проучавана су у контексту најпознатијих постмодернистичких концепата. Указивано је на везу између постмодернистичких идеја и уочених појава у оглашавању. На тим темељима издвојене су најзначајније одлике постмодернистичког оглашавања (стварање утиска хиперреалности, фрагментирање стварности, измештање реалности, приближавање супротности, поштовање „другости” и мегаломанска реторика). Ова својства анализирана су на визуелним и звучним елементима комуникације с потрошачима. С друге стране, италијански језик телевизијског, радијског и новинског оглашавања био је предмет исцрпних и обимних студија у периоду експанзије масовног оглашавања. Италијански језик оглашавања на интернету у досадашњим радовима на ову тему заступљен је у знатно мањој мери...Properties of contemporary forms of advertising in the theory of marketing have been studied in the context of the most widely known postmodern concepts. The relation pointed out was that between postmodern ideas and occurrences observed in advertisement. On the basis of these, the most important postmodern conditions were defined (hyperreality, fragmentation, decentering, juxtaposition, difference and megalomaniac rhetoric). These conditions have been analysed on visual and auditory elements of communication with customers. On the other hand, the Italian language of television, radio and newspaper advertising has been a subject of extensive and comprehensive studies in the period of expansion of mass advertising. The Italian language of the Internet advertising has been significantly less covered in papers that dealt with this topic..

Language properties of Italian postmodern internet advertising; Языковые особености италиянского постмодернистского рекламирования на интернете

Својства савремених облика оглашавања у теорији маркетинга проучавана су у контексту најпознатијих постмодернистичких концепата. Указивано је на везу између постмодернистичких идеја и уочених појава у оглашавању. На тим темељима издвојене су најзначајније одлике постмодернистичког оглашавања (стварање утиска хиперреалности, фрагментирање стварности, измештање реалности, приближавање супротности, поштовање „другости” и мегаломанска реторика). Ова својства анализирана су на визуелним и звучним елементима комуникације с потрошачима. С друге стране, италијански језик телевизијског, радијског и новинског оглашавања био је предмет исцрпних и обимних студија у периоду експанзије масовног оглашавања. Италијански језик оглашавања на интернету у досадашњим радовима на ову тему заступљен је у знатно мањој мери...Properties of contemporary forms of advertising in the theory of marketing have been studied in the context of the most widely known postmodern concepts. The relation pointed out was that between postmodern ideas and occurrences observed in advertisement. On the basis of these, the most important postmodern conditions were defined (hyperreality, fragmentation, decentering, juxtaposition, difference and megalomaniac rhetoric). These conditions have been analysed on visual and auditory elements of communication with customers. On the other hand, the Italian language of television, radio and newspaper advertising has been a subject of extensive and comprehensive studies in the period of expansion of mass advertising. The Italian language of the Internet advertising has been significantly less covered in papers that dealt with this topic..

Return to Education and the Changing Role of Credentials in the Croatian Labor Market

Wage structure, Earning regression, Return to education, J31, P23, P52,

The effects of estradiol and human chorionic gonadotropin on ACHT cells in peripubertal female rats: A histological and stereological study

The effects of estradiol (EDP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) on histological and stereological features of adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) cells in peripubertal female rats were examined. The first group of females received five injections of EDP (0.25 mg/kg b.w.), every second day from the 4th to 14th day after birth, and was killed at the peripubertal stage. The second group of females was given two injections of pregnyl-gonadotrophinum chorionicum (HCG; 50 IU/kg body weight) on the 36th and 37th days after birth, and it was killed 24 h after the last treatment. The controls were injected with an equivalent volume of the corresponding vehicle. ACTH cells were immunohistochemically labeled and stereologically evaluated. Stereological analysis showed that the volume of ACTH cells and their volume density in peripubertal females treated with EDP, were decreased by 15.6% and 53.8% (p<0.05), respectively, compared to the controls. In HCG-treated animals, the observed parameters were increased by 39.2% and 15.4% (p<0.05), respectively, in comparison with the control females. These findings suggest that the application of EDP or HCG exerted opposite effects on the stereological features of pituitary ACTH cells. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. ON 173009

Pituitary hyperplasia, hormonal changes and prolactinoma development in males exposed to estrogens—an insight from translational studies

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Estrogen signaling plays an important role in pituitary development and function. In sensitive rat or mice strains of both sexes, estrogen treatments promote lactotropic cell proliferation and induce the formation of pituitary adenomas (dominantly prolactin or growth-hormone-secreting ones). In male patients receiving estrogen, treatment does not necessarily result in pituitary hyperplasia, hyperprolactinemia or adenoma development. In this review, we comprehensively analyze the mechanisms of estrogen action upon their application in male animal models comparing it with available data in human subjects. Sex-specific molecular targets of estrogen action in lactotropic (PRL) cells are highlighted in the context of their proliferative and secretory activity. In addition, putative effects of estradiol on the cellular/tumor microenvironment and the contribution of postnatal pituitary progenitor/stem cells and transdifferentiation processes to prolactinoma development have been analyzed. Finally, estrogen-induced morphological and hormone-secreting changes in pituitary thyrotropic (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) cells are discussed, as well as the putative role of the thyroid and/or glucocorticoid hormones in prolactinoma development, based on the current scarce literature