Subgross and macroscopic investigation of the coeliac artery in the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera)

The knowledge of branching and variations of the coeliac artery is clinicallyimportant, especially in the surgical operations and non-surgical treatments.Moreover, the chinchillas abdominal region have been used as a model in somesurgical experimental researches. In this frame, we have aimed to explain thebranching of this artery in the chinchillas detailedly. A total of 10 adult, healthy,male chinchillas (chinchilla lanigera) were used to investigate the origin and thecourse of the coeliac artery and its branches. Coloured latex was injected intothe carotid arteries, following conventional anatomical applications. The resultsindicated that the coeliac artery was divided into 4 branches such as left gastricartery, hepatic artery, splenic artery and gastrolienal artery. The left gastric arterywas a continuity of the coeliac artery and the main vessel of the stomach. Thehepatic artery was divided into the left lateral branch, the left medial branch andthe right branch. The splenic artery was covered by the pancreas tissue and sentbranches to the pancreas. The gastrolienal artery was supplying the fundus ofthe stomach and the dorsal extremity of the spleen. We believe that the findingswill be of help to the researchers interested in the anatomical area, surgeons andexperimental researches

New bounds for Randic and GA indices

The main goal of this paper is to present some new lower and upper bounds for the Randic and GA indices in terms of Zagreb and modified Zagreb indices.Selçuk Üniversites

The Course of Habituation of the Proboscis Extension Reflex Can Be Predicted by Sucrose Responsiveness in Drosophila

The proboscis extension reflex (PER) is triggered when insects’ gustatory receptors contact appetitive stimuli, so it provides a behavioral readout for perceptual encoding of tastants. Research on the experience dependent modulation of PER in Drosophila has been hindered by the difficulty of obtaining reliable measures of memory-driven change in PER probability in the background of larger changes induced by physiological state. In this study, we showed that the course of PER habituation can be predicted by the degree of sucrose responsiveness in Drosophila. We assessed early response parameters, including the number of proboscis extensions and labellar movements in the first five trials, the trial to start responding, and the trial to make the first stop to quantify responsiveness, which predicted the upcoming pattern of both the short-term and 1 hour memory of PER habituation for individual flies. The cAMP signaling pathway mutant rutabaga displayed deficits in attunement of perceptual salience of sucrose to physiological demands and stimulus-driven sensitization

Main viruses in sweet cherry plantations of Central-Western Spain

Sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) are susceptible to a range of diseases, but there have been no studies to date about the viral infection of sweet cherry trees in Spain. To determine the phytosanitary status of Spanish sweet cherry plantations, the incidence and leaf symptoms induced by Prune dwarf (PDV), Prunus necrotic ringspot (PNRSV) and Apple chlorotic leaf spot (ACLSV) viruses were investigated during 2009. Young leaf samples were taken from 350 sweet cherry trees, corresponding to 17 cultivars, and were analysed by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). To associate the leaf symptoms with the virus, 50 mature leaves from each infected tree were visually inspected during the summer. The ELISA results revealed that 72 % of sweet cherry trees were infected by at least one of the viruses. PDV occurred in all sampled cultivars and presented the highest infection rate, followed by ACLSV and PNRSV. A high number of trees showed asymptomatic, in both single and mixed infections. The leaf symptoms associated with the viruses involved generalized chlorosis around the midvein (PDV), chlorotic and dark brown necrotic ringspots on both secondary veins and intervein regions (PNRSV), chlorotic and reddish necrotic ringspots (ACLSV) and generalized interveinal chlorosis (PDV-PNRSV)

Management of metastatic bone disease of the pelvis: current concepts

Purpose: Metastatic disease of the pelvis is frequently associated with severe pain and impaired ambulatory function. Depending on the patient's characteristics, primary tumor, and metastatic pelvic disease, the treatment choice may be varied. This study aims to report on the current management options of metastatic pelvic disease. Methods: We comprehensively researched multiple databases and evaluated essential studies about current concepts of managing a metastatic bone disease of the pelvis, focusing on specific indications as well as on the result of treatment. Results: Pelvic metastases not in the periacetabular region can be managed with modification of weight-bearing, analgesics, bisphosphonates, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Minimally invasive approaches include radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, embolization, percutaneous osteoplasty, and percutaneous screw placement. Pathological or impending periacetabular fracture, excessive periacetabular bone defect, radioresistant tumor, and persistent debilitating pain despite non-surgical treatment and/or minimally invasive procedures can be managed with different surgical techniques. Overall, treatment can be divided into nonoperative, minimally invasive, and operative based on specific indications, the expectations of the patient and the lesion. Conclusion: Different treatment modalities exist to manage metastatic pelvic bone disease. Decision-making for the most appropriate treatment should be made with a multidisciplinary approach based on a case-by-case basis

Comparison of tear film tests, ocular staining, impression cytology for three conditions: dry eye, anterior blepharitis, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis

AIM: To compare three clinically similar patient groups and a control group in terms of tear function tests, ocular surface staining and conjunctival impression cytology. METHODS: This was a single-centre, prospective, double-blind, randomised and controlled trial. The study includes 20 dry eye patients with Schirmer 1 scores less than 10mm and a tear film break-up time (TBUT) less than 10s, 20 anterior blepharitis patients with drying and crusting of the eyelashes, 20 seasonal allergic conjunctivitis patients with papillary hypertrophy of the upper eyelid tarsal conjunctiva and 20 control group patients. The Schirmer scores, TBUT scores, ocular surface staining (as graded by the Oxford scheme scale), goblet cell density (as observed using impression cytology and metaplasia scores for all patients evaluated by the Nelson grading scheme) were compared. RESULTS: Significant differences were identified between these patient groups and the control group in terms of tear functions tests, ocular surface-staining scores, goblet cell density and metaplasia scores (P0.001). CONCLUSION: Inflammatory response against these three diseases was demonstrated to cause damage in parallel to the severity of the local inflammation they generate on the ocular surface. We confirmed that this damage has very serious effects, especially on conjunctival goblet cell density and metaplasia. We believe that the degree of this loss in goblet cells is correlated with clinical findings