Testing of new methods of animal tissue staining

Pro určení diagnózy pacienta bývá potřeba i informace o struktuře tkáně a patologických změnách. Biopsie je diagnostická metoda, při které je pacientovi odebrán vzorek tkáně, fixován a následně vyšetřen. Tkáň prochází procesem odvodnění, vytvoření parafínového bločku, krájením, opětovným zavodněním a barvením. Pro značení resekčních okrajů je možné použít stříbření, kdy se tkáň krátce ponoří do 10% roztoku dusičnanu stříbrného. Po nakrájení na vhodné řezy se stříbro vyvolá vývojkou pro černobílou fotografii. Další metodou je ponoření do roztoku chloridu železitého a po nakrájení na řezy vysrážení hexakyanoželeznatanu železitého (berlínské modři) pomocí roztoku hexakyanoželeznatanu draselného, též zvaného žlutá krevní sůl.For accurate diagnosis, detailed information about tissue structure and pathology is often needed. A biopsy is a diagnostic test, used to obtain tissue samples for further examination. The tissue undergoes fixation, cutting, dehydratation, paraffin embedding, slicing, rehydratation and staining. Silver may be used to mark recection borders, when the tissue sample is immersed in a 10% aquous solution of argent nitrate. After cutting, the silver is developed using a commonn black and white photographic developer. Another option is immersing the tissue sample into an aquous solution of ferric chloride and, after cutting, using an aquous solution of potassium ferrocyanide to produce ferric ferrocyanide, otherwise knows as Prussian blue.

Virtual microscope interface to high resolution histological images

The Hypertext atlas of Dermatopathology, the Atlas of Fetal and Neonatal Pathology and Hypertext atlas of Pathology (this one in Czech only) are available at . These atlases offer many clinical, macroscopic and microscopic images, together with short introductory texts. Most of the images are annotated and arrows pointing to the important parts of the image can be activated

Cardiac profile of the Czech population of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study with T1 mapping

Abstract Background The progressive cardiomyopathy that develops in boys with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) is presumed to be a secondary consequence of the fibrosis within the myocardium. There are only limited data on using parametric imaging in these patients. The purpose of this study was to assess native T1 and extracellular volume (ECV) values in DMD patients. Methods The Czech population of males with DMD/BMD was screened. All eligible patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included. Forty nine males underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) examination including T1 native and post-contrast mapping measurements. One DMD patient and all BMD patients were excluded from statistical analysis. Three groups were compared – Group D1 - DMD patients without late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) (n = 23), Group D2 - DMD patients with LGE (n = 20), and Group C – gender matched controls (n = 13). Results Compared to controls, both DMD groups had prolonged T1 native relaxation time. These results are concordant in all 6 segments as well as in global values (1041 ± 31 ms and 1043 ± 37 ms vs. 983 ± 15 ms, both p < 0.05). Group D2 had significantly increased global ECV (0.28 ± 0.044 vs. 0.243 ± 0.013, p < 0.05) and segmental ECV in inferolateral and anterolateral segments in comparison with controls. The results were also significant after adjustment for subjects’ age. Conclusion DMD males had increased native T1 relaxation time independent of the presence or absence of myocardial fibrosis. Cardiac MR may provide clinically useful information even without contrast media administration

Myocardial native T1 mapping and extracellular volume quantification in asymptomatic female carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene mutations

Abstract Background Female carriers of dystrophin gene mutations (DMD-FC) were previously considered non-manifesting, but in recent decades, cardiomyopathy associated with muscular dystrophy and myocardial fibrosis has been described. Our study aimed to assess prospectively myocardial fibrosis in asymptomatic DMD-FC compared to a sex-matched control group (CG) with similar age distribution using native T1 mapping and extracellular volume (ECV) quantification by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Materials and methods 38 DMD-FC with verified genetic mutation and 22 healthy volunteers were included. Using CMR, native T1 relaxation time and ECV quantification were determined in each group. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was assessed in all cases. Results There were 38 DMD-FC (mean age 39.1 ± 8.8 years) and 22 healthy volunteers (mean age 39.9 ± 12.6 years) imagined by CMR. The mean global native T1 relaxation time was similar for DMD-FC and CG (1005.1 ± 26.3 ms vs. 1003.5 ± 25.0 ms; p-value = 0.81). Likewise, the mean global ECV value was also similar between the groups (27.92 ± 2.02% vs. 27.10 ± 2.89%; p-value = 0.20). The segmental analysis of mean ECV values according to the American Heart Association classification did not show any differences between DMD-FC and CG. There was a non-significant trend towards higher mean ECV values of DMD-FC in the inferior and inferolateral segments of the myocardium (p-value = 0.075 and 0.070 respectively). Conclusion There were no statistically significant differences in the mean global and segmental native T1 relaxation times and the mean global or segmental ECV values. There was a trend towards higher segmental mean ECV values of DMD-FC in the inferior and inferolateral walls of the myocardium

Additional file 1 of Myocardial native T1 mapping and extracellular volume quantification in asymptomatic female carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene mutations

Supplementary Material