The Motherhood Wage Penalty in a Mediterranean Country: The Case of Spain

We present evidence for the motherhood wage penalty in Spain as a representative Southern European Mediterranean country. We use the European Community Household Panel (ECHP, 1994-2001) to estimate, from both pool and fixed-effects methods, a wage equation in terms of observed variables and other non-observed individual characteristics. The empirical results confirm that there is clear evidence of a wage penalty for Spanish working women with children. Specifically, the fact that there is a birth in the family during the current year means that the woman loses 9% of her wage. We also find that having one child living in the household means a significant loss in wages of 6%, having two children, almost 14%, and having three or more, more than 15%.motherhood wage penalty, fixed-effects estimation, Spain

Hippocampal structural plasticity accompanies the resulting contextual fear memory following stress and fear conditioning

The present research investigated the resulting contextual fear memory and structural plasticity changes in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) following stress and fear conditioning. This combination enhanced fear retention and increased the number of total and mature dendritic spines in DH. Intra-basolateral amygdala (BLA) infusion of midazolam prior to stress prevented both the enhancement of fear retention and an increase in the density of total and mature dendritic spines in DH. These findings emphasize the role of the stress-induced attenuation of GABAergic neurotransmission in BLA in the promoting influence of stress on fear memory and on synaptic remodeling in DH. In conclusion, the structural remodeling in DH accompanied the facilitated fear memory following a combination of fear conditioning and stressful stimulation.Fil: Giachero, Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Calfa, Gaston Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Molina, Víctor Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; Argentin

Actividades de refuerzo para la mejora de la lectoescritura en el primer curso de Primaria

Treball Final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Primària. Codi: MP1040. Curs acadèmic: 2018/2019El trabajo que he realizado se basa en un conjunto de actividades repartidas durante varias sesiones enfocadas en reforzar el aprendizaje de la lectoescritura de un alumno. Todo el proyecto ha sido realizado y guiado bajo las bases del constructivismo. Por tanto he elegido un tema que fuese de agrado para el niño ya que de esta forma partiríamos de ciertos saberes, además de que el alumno estaría más a gusto y participativo a la hora de realizar las sesiones. De acuerdo a estas bases, le he ido guiando durante las actividades y ejercicios para no dejar que se estancase si no entendía o no sabia la respuesta de alguno de ellos. He pretendido que el alumno se lo pasase bien mientras aprendía, fomentando así el buen ambiente, ya que pienso que es una de las bases de la enseñanza-aprendizaje. Si no disfrutas no te motiva y si no te motivas deja de interesarte. Centrándonos en las actividades, estas las he repartido en 8 sesiones de las 10 que dura el proyecto, ya que las otras dos las he utilizado para hacer la prueba de evaluación anterior y posterior a las sesiones, con la que he podido evaluar la mejora del niño en cuanto a su nivel de lectoescritura. He organizado las actividades de manera que siempre haya algún elemento motivador durante ellas, para que durante todas las sesiones el alumno esté a gusto. No podemos olvidar que estas actividades están enfocadas a realizarlas de forma individual, de modo que la forma en que te comportes y las actividades que propongas son los únicos elementos que influirán en la motivación del alumno. Las sesiones las he dividido en tres partes: una de motivación, una de desarrollo y la última de reflexión. Las tres son necesarias. La primera motiva al alumno a empezar la sesión con ganas. la segunda son las actividades en sí, las cuales como ya he dicho, están organizadas de tal manera que siempre hayan algunas motivadoras. La última nos ayuda a conocer el interés del niño y a realizar posibles cambios o adaptaciones para mejorar las sesiones.The work is based don a combination of activities which are divided in different lessons and which are intended to strengthen the reading and writing process of the student. The whole project has been written taking into account the basis of constructivism. Therefore, I have chosen a topic that the student likes. In this way I can consider his previous knowledge, and he can be more comfortable and willing to participate during the lessons. According to the guidelines of constructivism I have guided my pupil during the activities so he can continue moving forward in spite of difficulties. I have tried that my student had a good time while learning, creating a relaxing atmosphere, as I consider it one of the most important aspects of the teaching and learning process. If you do not enjoy, you are not motivated and, if you have no motivation you are not interested in learning. Focusing on the activities, I have divided them in eight lessons. The project has ten lessons, but the other two has been used for an initial and final evaluation, to assess properly the student’s level of the reading and writing process. I have organized the different activities including motivational elements so the pupil can feel comfortable while doing them. It is important to remember that all of them are individual, which means that the way you behave and the exercises proposed are the only elements that will influence the student’s motivation. I have divided each lesson in three parts, which are equally necessary: motivation, development and reflection. The first one is intended to motivate the pupil to start the lesson with energy. In the second one, the development, the student carries out different types of exercises. The last one, helps us to know the interests of the children and to make some changes and adaptations in order to improve the lessons

Study and design of an interface for remote audio processing

This project focused on the study and design of an interface for remote audio processing, with the objective of acquiring by filtering, biasing, and amplifying an analog signal before digitizing it by means of two MCP3208 ADCs to achieve a 24-bit resolution signal. The resulting digital signal was then transmitted to a Raspberry Pi using SPI protocol, where it was processed by a Flask server that could be accessed from both local and remote networks. The design of the PCB was a critical component of the project, as it had to accommodate various components and ensure accurate signal acquisition and transmission. The PCB design was created using KiCad software, which allowed for the precise placement and routing of all components. A major challenge in the design of the interface was to ensure that the analog signal was not distorted during acquisition and amplification. This was achieved through careful selection of amplifier components and using high-pass and low-pass filters to remove any unwanted noise. Once the analog signal was acquired and digitized, the resulting digital signal was transmitted to the Raspberry Pi using SPI protocol. The Raspberry Pi acted as the host for a Flask server, which could be accessed from local and remote networks using a web browser. The Flask server allowed for the processing of the digital signal and provided a user interface for controlling the gain and filtering parameters of the analog signal. This enabled the user to adjust the signal parameters to suit their specific requirements, making the interface highly flexible and adaptable to a variety of audio processing applications. The final interface was capable of remote audio processing, making it highly useful in scenarios where the audio signal needed to be acquired and processed in a location separate from the user. For example, it could be used in a recording studio, where the audio signal from the microphone could be remotely processed using the interface. The gain and filtering parameters could be adjusted in real-time, allowing the sound engineer to fine-tune the audio signal to produce the desired recording. In conclusion, the project demonstrated the feasibility and potential benefits of using a remote audio processing system for various applications. The design of the PCB, selection of components, and use of the Flask server enabled the creation of an interface that was highly flexible, accurate, and adaptable to a variety of audio processing requirements. Overall, the project represents a significant step forward in the field of remote audio processing, with the potential to benefit many different applications in the future

Intra-household Time Allocation: Gender Differences in Caring for Children

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht auf Basis von Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels für Deutschland (SOEP), inwieweit selbständige Ausländer in Deutschland überdurchschnittlich hohe Einkommen erzielen. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass ausländische Selbständige insgesamt höhere Einkommen erzielen als angestellt tätige Ausländer und dass der Unterschied größer ist als bei Selbständigen deutscher Nationalität. Die Konsequenzen dieser Untersuchungsergebnisse für Wirtschaftspolitikund Gründungslehre werden diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung zeigen differenzierten Forschungsbedarf im Hinblick auf unterschiedliche Optionen der Entrepreneurship Education. This paper analyses the intra-household allocation of time to show gender differences in childcare. In the framework of a general efficiency approach, hours spent on childcare by each parent are regressed against individual and household characteristics, for five samples (Denmark, France, Germany, Italy and Spain), with data being drawn from the European Community Household Panel-ECHP (1994-2001). Empirical results show a clear inequality in childcare between fathers and mothers, with this being more evident in Mediterranean countries. Panel data estimates reveal that, in general, caring tasks are mainly influenced by the presence of young children in the household, by the total non-labor income, and by the ratio of mothers' non-labor income to family's non-labor income, with this latter variable exhibiting a different behavior across genders and across countries.Childcare, gender differences, intra-household allocation, time use

El big data en el sector turístico español

En este trabajo se realiza un estudio sobre la aplicación del Big Data en el sector turístico español. En primer lugar, se define el objeto de estudio, sus características y la historia reciente que ha causado la aparición de esta tecnología. Seguidamente se desarrollan los retos y objetivos presentes y futuros de esta innovación. A continuación, se explican las técnicas y herramientas con las que es posible aplicar el Big Data. Luego, se ofrecen las previsiones que tiene esta tecnología para los próximos años y por último, se exponen las conclusiones tomadas después de haber realizado el estudio.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresa

Pharmacological Treatment of Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a disease caused for a myoflagellate protozoan known as Giardia duodenalis, of which varieties have been described and whose morphological characteristics are identical to other species such as G. lamblia and G. intestinalis; considered for various authors as the same species, this protozoan parasites several domestic species including man, but has important relevance in the canine and feline species, due to their zoonotic potential. In recent years, the number of cases of canine and feline giardiasis has increased, not only because it is treated of a cosmopolitan parasite, which is closely related to unsanitary conditions, but also because the conventional treatments for its control and eradication have shown resistance phenomena. It is for this reason and being a parasite of potential zoonotic risk that at present pharmacological tests have been developed in the search for new alternatives for the treatment of giardiasis, especially in the canine and feline species as mentioned earlier

Intra-Household Time Allocation: Gender Differences in Caring for Children

This paper analyses the intra-household allocation of time to show gender differences in childcare. In the framework of a general efficiency approach, hours spent on childcare by each parent are regressed against individual and household characteristics, for five samples (Denmark, France, Germany, Italy and Spain), with data being drawn from the European Community Household Panel-ECHP (1994-2001). Empirical results show a clear inequality in childcare between fathers and mothers, with this being more evident in Mediterranean countries. Panel data estimates reveal that, in general, caring tasks are mainly influenced by the presence of young children in the household, by the total non-labor income, and by the ratio of mothers' non-labor income to family's non-labor income, with this latter variable exhibiting a different behavior across genders and across countries.childcare, gender differences, intra-household allocation, time use