A statics-dynamics equivalence through the fluctuation-dissipation ratio provides a window into the spin-glass phase from nonequilibrium measurements

We have performed a very accurate computation of the non-equilibrium fluctuation- dissipation ratio for the 3D Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass, by means of large-scale simulations on the special-purpose computers Janus and Janus II. This ratio (computed for finite times on very large, effectively infinite, systems) is compared with the equilibrium probability distribution of the spin overlap for finite sizes. Our main result is a quantitative statics-dynamics dictionary, which could allow the experimental exploration of important features of the spin-glass phase without requiring uncontrollable extrapolations to infinite times or system sizes

Matching microscopic and macroscopic responses in glasses

We first reproduce on the Janus and Janus II computers a milestone experiment that measures the spinglass coherence length through the lowering of free-energy barriers induced by the Zeeman effect. Secondly, we determine the scaling behavior that allows a quantitative analysis of a new experiment reported in the companion Letter [S. Guchhait and R. Orbach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 157203 (2017)]. The value of the coherence length estimated through the analysis of microscopic correlation functions turns out to be quantitatively consistent with its measurement through macroscopic response functions. Further, nonlinear susceptibilities, recently measured in glass-forming liquids, scale as powers of the same microscopic length

Nature of the spin-glass phase at experimental length scales

We present a massive equilibrium simulation of the three-dimensional Ising spin glass at low temperatures. The Janus special-purpose computer has allowed us to equilibrate, using parallel tempering, L = 32 lattices down to T ≈ 0.64Tc. We demonstrate the relevance of equilibrium finite-size simulations to understand experimental non-equilibrium spin glasses in the thermodynamical limit by establishing a time-length dictionary. We conclude that non-equilibrium experiments performed on a time scale of one hour can be matched with equilibrium results on L ≈ 110 lattices. A detailed investigation of the probability distribution functions of the spin and link overlap, as well as of their correlation functions, shows that Replica Symmetry Breaking is the appropriate theoretical framework for the physically relevant length scales. Besides, we improve over existing methodologies to ensure equilibration in parallel tempering simulations

A statics-dynamics equivalence through the fluctuation-dissipation ratio provides a window into the spin-glass phase from nonequilibrium measurements

The unifying feature of glass formers (such as polymers, supercooled liquids, colloids, granulars, spin glasses, superconductors, ...) is a sluggish dynamics at low temperatures. Indeed, their dynamics is so slow that thermal equilibrium is never reached in macroscopic samples: in analogy with living beings, glasses are said to age. Here, we show how to relate experimentally relevant quantities with the experimentally unreachable low-temperature equilibrium phase. We have performed a very accurate computation of the non-equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation ratio for the three-dimensional Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass, by means of large-scale simulations on the special-purpose computers Janus and Janus II. This ratio (computed for finite times on very large, effectively infinite, systems) is compared with the equilibrium probability distribution of the spin overlap for finite sizes. The resulting quantitative statics-dynamics dictionary, based on observables that can be measured with current experimental methods, could allow the experimental exploration of important features of the spin-glass phase without uncontrollable extrapolations to infinite times or system sizes

Aging, Education and technological virtualization

The article presents an overview of the relationship between ageing and digital technologies. It analyzes the social context characterized by the over-ageing and general digitalization of developed societies. In this context, an emerging area of study and innovation around Gerontechnology is presented and the role that pedagogy and education can play in this new multidisciplinary framework is defined.El artículo presenta un panorama general de las relaciones entre envejecimiento y tecnologías digitales. Analiza el contexto social caracterizado por el sobreenvejecimento y la digitalización general de las sociedades desarrolladas. En ese marco se presenta un área emergente de estudio e innovación denominada gerontecnología y se define el papel que la pedagogía y la educación pueden tener en este nuevo ámbito multidisciplinar

Aging, Education and technological virtualization

The article presents an overview of the relationship between ageing and digital technologies. It analyzes the social context characterized by the over-ageing and general digitalization of developed societies. In this context, an emerging area of study and innovation around Gerontechnology is presented and the role that pedagogy and education can play in this new multidisciplinary framework is defined

Double ant colony system to improve accessibility after a disaster

We propose a novel double ant colony system to deal with accessibility issues after a natural or man-made disaster. The aim is to maximize the number of survivors that reach the nearest regional center (center of economic and social activity in the region) in a minimum time by planning which rural roads damaged by the disaster should be repaired given the available financial and human resources. The proposed algorithm is illustrated by means of a large instance based on the Haiti natural disasters in August-September 2008

Asymmetric vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction of isatins under bifunctional organocatalysis: Enantioselective synthesis of substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles

A highly enantioselective organocatalytic vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction of silyloxy dienes and isatins under bifunctional organocatalysis is presented. Substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles are synthesised in good yields and enantioselectivities. These synthetic intermediates are used for the construction of more complex molecules with biological properties such as the formal synthesis of a CB2 agonist presentedThe Spanish Government (CTQ2015-64561-R) is acknowledged. V. L.-M. thanks the Autonomous university of Madrid for a predoctoral fellowship (FPI-UAM). J. A. F.-S. thanks the Spanish Government for a Juan de la Cierva Contrac