Desempenho agronômico e dissimilaridade genética entre acessos de amendoim por variáveis multicategóricas

The present study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance and estimate the genetic dissimilarity among peanut accessions from germplasm bank belonging to the Agronomic Institute of Paraná (IAPAR). The assay was carried out in Londrina, during the 2011/2012 agriculture season year, in a randomized block design, with four replications. The severity of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola), late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum), web blotch (Phoma arachidicola), rust (Puccinia arachidis) and scab (Sphaceloma arachidis) were measured with the aid of diagrammatic scale proposed by the Biodiversity International. The grain yield was converted to kg ha-1 and corrected to 10% moisture. In the accessions characterization, 17 multicategoric variables were used, which were proposed as descriptors by SNPC/MAPA. The similarity was estimated by the method of coincidence and dendrogram by UPGMA clustering method. The Col 82 access stood out from the others due to its high yield potential. To early leaf spot Col 79, 41, 82, VL Cândido Rondon accessions and Runner IAC 886 cultivar were resistant and to late leaf spot, except the Runner IAC 886, all materials tested behaved as resistant. Results showed that there are dissimilar accessions and it was observed that the Runner IAC 886 differs from the others in relation to their vegetative, reproductive and physiological characters. It is possible select accessions with high yield potential and desirable morphological characteristics which may be used in the breeding program.O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho agronômico e estimar a dissimilaridade genética entre acessos de amendoim do banco de germoplasma do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), visando à identificação de acessos potencialmente úteis para o programa de melhoramento genético. O ensaio foi conduzido em Londrina, no ano agrícola 2011/2012 em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. A severidade da mancha castanha (Cercospora arachidicola), mancha preta (Cercosporidium personatum), mancha barrenta (Phoma arachidicola), ferrugem (Puccinia arachidis) e verrugose (Sphaceloma arachidis) foram mensuradas com o auxílio da escala diagramática proposta pela Biodiversity International. O rendimento de grãos foi transformado para kg ha-1 e corrigido para 10% de umidade. Na caracterização dos acessos foram utilizadas 17 variáveis multicategóricas, sendo os descritores proposto pelo SNPC/MAPA. A similaridade foi estimada pelo método de coincidência simples e o dendrograma confeccionado pelo método de agrupamento UPGMA. O acesso Col 82 destacou-se dos demais por apresentar alto potencial de rendimento. Para mancha castanha, os acessos Col 79, Col 41, Col 82, VL Cândido Rondon e a cultivar Runner IAC 886 foram considerados resistentes e para a mancha preta, com exceção da cultivar Runner IAC 886, todos os materiais avaliados comportaram-se como resistentes. Os resultados revelaram que há acessos dissimilares e que a cultivar IAC Runner 886 difere-se das demais em relação aos caracteres vegetativos, reprodutivos e fisiológicos. É possível selecionar acessos com alto potencial produtivo e características morfológicas desejáveis, os quais poderão ser utilizados no programa de melhoramento

TOLERANCE TO ALUMINUM TOXICITY IN COMMON BEAN GENOTYPES

INTRODUCTION Approximately one third of areas cultivated with common bean in Brazil, more specifically in the states of Paraná, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Goiás and Bahia, have high aluminum (Al) concentration and low fertility in soils (Giannakoula, 2008). In conditions of acidity and low fertility, the presence of soluble Al in the soil solution is one of the most limiting abiotic factors of crop development and yield. The Al exchangeable interferes in the absorption and movement of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in the plant, contributing also to the adsorption of phosphorus in the soil (Echart and Cavalli-Molina, 2001). Considering the nature of Al stress, the hydroponic medium offers advantages in interaction studies of this element with plants, such as easy access to the root system, the possibility of monitoring and control pH, Al concentrations and other ions important to sensibility or tolerance reactions expression (Rossielo and Netto, 2006). Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate common bean genotypes of the carioca and black commercial groups to reaction for the toxicity by aluminum

GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR GRAIN TECHNOLOGICAL TRAITS IN ANDEAN COMMON BEAN GENOTYPES

INTRODUCTION Andean common bean group presents tegument coloration and grain size variability. In this group, Dark Red kidney, Cranberry, Great Northern, Light Red kidney, Pinto, among others are the main commercial bean classes (Blair et al., 2010). High hydration rates, grain integrity and low cooking time are grain technological traits demanded by consumers and processors. These traits favor the fast prepare and also grain freezing and canning (Della Corte et al., 2003). Since there is genetic variability for grain technological traits among the Andean genotypes, the development of promising lines is possible by bean breeding programs to reach market demands. The aim of this study was to evaluate grain technological traits of Andean common bean genotypes in order to use them as variability source in the development of new cultivars. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fourteen bean genotypes belonging to the Andean origin center (Table 1, Figure 1) were grown in the experimental field of the Agronomic Institute of Paraná, Santa Tereza do Oeste, PR, Brazil (lat 25° 23’, long 53° 38’, 749 m asl), from August to November 2016, corresponding to the rainy season. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with two replications. After the harvest, a sample of 300 grams of the grains of each experimental plot was taken to evaluate the following grain technological traits: water retention capacity before cooking (WRCbc), water retention capacity after cooking (WRCac), solids content in the sauce after cooking (SC) and cooking time (CT) according to the methodology used by Della Corte et al. (2002). All determinations were performed in duplicate. The data were submitted to hierarchical grouping analysis (HGA) using XLSTAT software

Growth and yield of peanut cultivars and breeding lines under water deficit

Water deficit throughout the peanut plant development negatively affects physiological processes and reduces its yield. This study aimed to evaluate grain yield, yield components and plant growth of peanut cultivars and breeding lines subjected to water deficit under field conditions. The experimental design was split-plot randomized blocks with three replications. Water deficit treatments (with and without irrigation) were considered the plots and genotypes (IAC Tatu ST, BR1, BRS Havana, Col 72 and Col 82) the subplots. Irrigation was discontinued between 35 and 75 days after emergence on plots subjected to water stress. Plant growth, shoot dry matter and leaf area were negatively affected by drought stress. The difference between plots with and without water stress increased proportionally to the increase in the period of water suppression. The BRS Havana cultivar and the Col 82 breeding line were moderately tolerant to water deficit, with the highest grain yields under stress conditions. Water deficit caused a 68 % reduction in grain yield for the IAC Tatu ST cultivar, 44 % in number of pods per plant for the Col 82 breeding line, 11 % in number of seeds per pod for the Col 72 breeding line and 11 % in the 100 seeds weight for the BRS1 cultivar

Effect of Water Deficit on Morphoagronomic and Physiological Traits of Common Bean Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Tolerance

Water deficit is considered one of the most limiting factors of the common bean. Understanding the adaptation mechanisms of the crop to this stress is fundamental for the development of drought-tolerant cultivars. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the influence of water deficit on physiological and morphoagronomic traits of common bean genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance, aiming to identify mechanisms associated with tolerance to water deficit. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, arranged in a randomized complete block 4 × 2 factorial design, consisting of four common bean genotypes under two water regimes (with and without water stress), with six replications. The morphoagronomic and physiological traits of four cultivars, two drought-tolerant (IAPAR 81 and BAT 477) and two drought-sensitive (IAC Tybatã and BRS Pontal), were measured for 0, 4, 8, and 12 days, under water deficit, initiated in the phenological stage R5. Water-deficit induced physiological changes in the plants, altering the evaluated morphoagronomic traits. The drought tolerance of cultivar BAT 477 is not only a direct result of the low influence of water deficit on its yield components, but also a consequence of the participation of multiple adaptive physiological mechanisms, such as higher intrinsic water use efficiency, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration, carboxylation efficiency, stomatal conductance, and intracellular concentration of CO2 under water deficit conditions. On the other hand, cultivar IAPAR 81 can be considered drought-tolerant for short water-deficit periods only, since after the eighth day of water deficit, the physiological activities decline drastically

Adaptability and stability for the trait grain yield for the color and black commercial groups in common bean / <br> Adaptabilidade e estabilidade da característica produtividade de grãos dos grupos comerciais carioca e preto de feijão

The objective of this study was to evaluate grain yield stability and adaptability from the fixed lines and cultivars of common bean of color and black comercial groups from IAPAR’s common bean breeding program, as well as to compare the methods of Wrick, Eberhart & Russell, Cruz et al. and AMMI. Three trials using the carioca group and two using the black group were conducted during the 2006/2007 water crop season and the 2007 dry crop season, in 27 environments in the State of Paraná. Each trial included 20 genotypes. The following genotypes were selected: LP 06 22 (G13) (carioca 1), LP 06 04 (G7) (carioca 2), LP 06 52 (G5), LP 06 54 (G7) e LP 06 65 (G18) (preto 1) e LP 06 73G9 (preto 2). All genotypes showed high grain yield potential with wide adaptability and stability. The environment more stable and more productive was Ponta Grossa – dry season for the all studied groups. As for the method comparisons, the Eberhart & Russell and Cruz et al. showed significant and positive correlation in 80% of the studied groups for genotypes stability and adaptability.<p><p>O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade e adaptabilidade de produtividade de grãos das linhagens fixadas e cultivares de feijão do grupo comercial carioca e do grupo comercial preto, oriundas do programa de melhoramento genético do IAPAR e comparar os métodos de Wrick, Eberhart & Russell, Cruz et al. e AMMI. Na safra das águas 2006/2007 e seca 2007 foram conduzidos três ensaios do grupo carioca e dois do grupo preto, num total de 27 ambientes no estado do Paraná. Cada ensaio foi constituído por 20 genótipos. Os genótipos indicados foram LP 06 22 (G13) (carioca 1); LP 06 04 (G7) (carioca 2); LP 06 52 (G5), LP 06 54 (G7) e LP 06 65 (G18) (preto 1); e LP 06 73G9 (preto 2). Todos esses genótipos apresentaram alto potencial de produtividade de grãos com ampla adaptação e estabilidade. O ambiente mais estável e mais produtivo foi Ponta Grossa - seca para todos os grupos comerciais de feijão. Na análise de comparação entre os métodos, o método de Eberhart & Russel e Cruz et al. apresentaram correlação positiva e significativa em 80% dos grupos avaliados para a estabilidade e adaptabilidade dos genótipos

Diversity of nutritional content in seeds of Brazilian common bean germplasm.

Mineral deficiency is worldwide one of the major problems associated with human health, and biofortification through breeding is considered an important strategy to improve the nutritional content of staple food in countries that face this problem. The assessment of genetic variability for seed nutrient contents is a first step in the development of a biofortified crop. From the germplasm bank IDR-IAPAR-EMATER, a set of 1,512 common bean accessions, consisting of local and commercial varieties and improved lines, was analyzed. High variability among the accessions was observed for all evaluated nutrient contents (P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and S and protein). In the mean, the contents of the carioca and black market groups (Mesoamerican gene pool), were around 7% higher for the minerals Ca, Cu, Mn and Fe and between 2-4% higher for P, K, Mg and Zn than in the other groups with Mesoamerican and Andean common bean. Few differences were observed among the Mesoamerican accessions that belong to the carioca and black commercial groups. Wide variability was observed among the evaluated genotypes, and the concentrations of the best accessions exceeded the overall mean by 14-28%. Due to the high variability in the evaluated accessions, these results may contribute to the selection of promising parents for the establishment of mating blocks. The nutritional contents of many of the improved lines evaluated in this study were higher than those of the commercial cultivars, indicating the possibility of developing new biofortified cultivars

Agronomic performance and grain yield in early common bean genotypes in Paraná state

No desenvolvimento de cultivares de feijão precoce é imprescindível que este apresente elevado rendimento de grãos e comportamento previsível. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade fenotípica para rendimento de grãos em genótipos de feijão precoce. Na safra das águas 2004/2005, foram conduzidos experimentos em: Londrina, Irati, Pato Branco e Capitão Leônidas Marques. Na safra da seca/2005, os experimentos foram conduzidos em Pato Branco e Ponta Grossa. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com três repetições e parcelas de duas fileiras de 5 m espaçadas 0,5 m e com uma população de 15 plantas por metro linear. No estádio de maturação fisiológica (R9), foi avaliado o rendimento total dos grãos por parcela sendo esses dados transformados para kg.ha-1 e corrigidos para 13% de umidade. As análises de variância individuais e análise conjunta dos locais revelaram diferenças significativas entre os genótipos estudados. A interação genótipos por ambiente foi significativa a 1% de probabilidade, demonstrando que os genótipos avaliados apresentaram respostas diferenciadas nos diversos ambientes em que foram avaliados. As linhagens LPSIA 04 103, LPSIA 04 105 e LPSIA 04 107 foram consideradas promissoras por apresentarem ampla adaptabilidade (b1i=1), alta estabilidade (s2di=0) e boa produtividade de grãos.In the development of early beans cultivars it is very important high grain yield and predictable behavior. The objective of this work was to assess adaptability and phenotypic stability grain yield in early common bean genotypes. The experiments were conducted in two cropping season in the following counties: Londrina, Irati, Pato Branco and Capitão Leonidas Marques (wet season 2004/2005); Pato Branco and Ponta Grossa (dry season 2005). Complete randomized block with three replications was used. In the maturation stage (R9) grain yield were assessed and the data were transformed to kg.ha-1 and corrected for 13% humidity. The individual and combined variance analyses indicated significant differences among genotypes. The genotype x environmental interaction was significant considering 1% probability, revealing that the genotypes evaluated performed differently according to the environment where the tests were done. The lines LPSIA 04 103, LPSIA 04 105 and LPSIA 04 107 showed general adaptability (b1i=1), high phenotypic stability (s2di=0), and superior average yield

Population structure, genetic diversity and genomic selection signatures among a Brazilian common bean germplasm.

Brazil is the world's largest producer of common bean. Knowledge of the genetic diversity and relatedness of accessions adapted to Brazilian conditions is of great importance for the conservation of germplasm and for directing breeding programs aimed at the development of new cultivars. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) of a diversity panel consisting of 219 common bean accessions, most of which belonging to the Mesoamerican gene pool. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) of these accessions allowed the identification of 49,817 SNPs with minor allele frequency &gt; 0.05. Of these, 17,149 and 12,876 were exclusive to the Mesoamerican and Andean pools, respectively, and 11,805 SNPs could differentiate the two gene pools. Further the separation according to the gene pool, bayesian analysis of the population structure showed a subdivision of the Mesoamerican accessions based on the origin and color of the seed tegument. LD analysis revealed the occurrence of long linkage blocks and low LD decay with physical distance between SNPs (LD half decay in 249&nbsp;kb, corrected for population structure and relatedness). The GBS technique could effectively characterize the Brazilian common bean germplasms, and the diversity panel used in this study may be of great use in future genome-wide association studies