Roman pottery trade at Carmo: The terra sigillata

Este trabajo pretende mostrar los resultados obtenidos del estudio de la vajilla de mesa romana en “Carmo”. La clasificación tipológica de estos materiales posibilita el acercamiento a la realidad comercial de la ciudad durante el altoimperio.This work tries to show the results obtained from the study of Roman table crockery in “Carmo”. The typological classification of these materials allow us to get a closer view to this city’s trading scene during the Early Empire

The “Peñaflor” type roman imitation pottery and the beginnings of Astigi (Écija, Sevilla)

Al conocimiento que se desprende de la excavación de un amplio sector de la necrópolis occidental de Astigi hay que sumar el hallazgo contextualizado de ajuares de copa y plato producidos en cerámica “Tipo Peñaflor”, que se introducen como elemento partícipe del ritual de enterramiento. Ello nos sirve de excusa para analizar, por un lado, las producciones del taller de Celti y su evolución a partir de los restos exhumados en la Calle Bellidos, mientras que, por el otro, se hará hincapié en el papel de esta especie cerámica a la hora de encuadrar cronológicamente necrópolis en los primeros años de la historia de la colonia.To the data collected from the excavation of a wide area in the west part of the Astigi necropolis, we must add the discovery of cups and saucers sets produced in “Peñaflor” type of ceramic, which were introduced as an active part in the burial rituals. This discovery give us the excuse to analyze from one side; the Celti workshop productions and their evolution from rests found in “Calle Bellidos”, and from another side, allow us to focus on the importance of this ceramic species in the chronological identification of necropolis from the first years in the history of the colony

Historic Landscapes of the Guadiamar River basin (Seville): Mining and metallurgy in the easternmost area of the Iberian Pyritic Belt

En este artículo se presentan los primeros resultados, incidiendo especialmente en los aspectos arqueometalúrgicos, del proyecto de investigación Los Paisajes del Guadiamar. Este proyecto se desarrolla desde el año 2010, f inanciado por la “Fundación Focus-Abengoa”, en el valle medio del río Guadiamar (centro-oeste de la provincia de Sevilla). Aunque aún no se ha con- cluido la obtención de todos los datos arqueológicos y analíticos, una valoración preliminar permite adelantar algunas conclusiones y, sobre todo, contrastar hipótesis y teorías enunciadas en anteriores trabajos de investigación.The f irst results of the research project Los Paisajes del Guadiamar are presented in this paper, paying special attention to archaeometallurgical aspects. This project has been going on since 2010, located in the mid-valley of the River Guadiamar (central-western area of the province of Seville) and backed by the “Fundación Focus-Abengoa”. Although not all the archaeo- logical and analytical data are yet available, a preliminary approach permits to put forward some conclusions and, above all, to validate or to refute hypotheses and theories proposed in previous research works

LOS PAISAJES HISTÓRICOS DEL VALLE DEL GUADIAMAR (SEVILLA): LA MINERÍA Y LA METALURGIA EN EL EXTREMO ORIENTAL DEL CINTURÓN IBÉRICO DE PIRITAS

The f irst results of the research project Los Paisajes del Guadiamar are presented in this paper, paying special attention to archaeometallurgical aspects. This project has been going on since 2010, located in the mid-valley  of the River Guadiamar  (central-western  area of the province of  Seville)  and  backed  by  the  “Fundación  Focus-Abengoa”.  Although  not  all  the  archaeo- logical  and  analytical  data  are  yet  available,  a preliminary  approach  permits  to put  forward some conclusions and, above all, to validate or to refute hypotheses and theories proposed in previous research works.En este artículo se presentan los primeros resultados, incidiendo especialmente  en los aspectos arqueometalúrgicos, del proyecto de investigación Los Paisajes del Guadiamar. Este proyecto se desarrolla  desde  el año 2010,  f inanciado  por la “Fundación  Focus-Abengoa”,  en el valle medio del río Guadiamar (centro-oeste  de la provincia  de Sevilla).  Aunque aún no se ha con- cluido la obtención de todos los datos arqueológicos y analíticos, una valoración preliminar permite adelantar algunas conclusiones  y, sobre todo, contrastar hipótesis y teorías enunciadas en anteriores trabajos de investigación

Chemical and structural characterization of roman, islamic and modern decorative pigments from archaeoological digs in Sevilla using archaeometric techniques

Español: Se presentan los resultados de la investigación arqueométrica sobre la composición y estructura de pigmentos decorativos de épocas Romana, Islámica y Moderna procedentes de dos intervenciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo en las Calles San Fernando y Pureza de la ciudad de Sevilla (España). Las muestras, recogidas de contextos arqueológicos bien definidos, han sido analizadas mediante distintas técnicas analíticas (microscopía de luz reflejada, DRX, MEB, microPIXE) con el objetivo de caracterizarlas y establecer la comparación diacrónica en cuanto a la composición de los morteros y pigmentos empleados. Inglés: The results of the archaeometric research carried out on the composition and structure of decorative pigments from Roman, Islamic and Modern periods from two archaeological digs, San Fernando and Pureza Streets, in the town of Sevilla (Spain,) are presented. The samples, collected from well-defined archaeological contexts, have been analysed by different archaeometric methods (reflected light microscopy, XRD, SEM, microPIXE) with the objective of their characterization and the establishment of a diachronic comparative of the composition of the mortars and pigments used

Protohistoric mining in the Extremadura: The case of in the Cerro de San Cristóbal de Logrosán (Cáceres)

Este artículo resume los trabajos realizados en el Cerro de San Cristóbal (Logrosán, Cáceres) entre  1998  y 2002.  Dichos  trabajos,  impulsados  por  el Dr.  Craig  Merideth  hasta  su muerte en 2005,  permitieron  reconocer  un asentamiento  minero-metalúrgico especializado  en el be- nef icio de la casiterita. Pese a estar muy alterado por las explotaciones de los años cincuenta del siglo XX, se pudieron  documentar  restos de cabañas,  trazas de labores  antiguas  y ciertos aspectos de la “cadena operativa” de la explotación y uso del estaño en este enclave. Todo ello  se enmarca  en un contexto  crono-cultural  de los  siglos  IX/VIII-VII/VI  a.C.,  durante  el cual el actual territorio extremeño se conformó como periferia tartésica. Por otra parte, se avanzan los resultados metalúrgicos preliminares de las nuevas actuaciones llevadas a cabo en 2013 en el Cerro de San Cristóbal  tras su declaración  como “geositio”  dentro del Geoparque “Villuercas-Ibores-Jara”.In this paper the archaeological work carried out in Cerro de San Cristóbal (Logrosán, Cáceres) during the period 1998 to 2002 is summarized. The work, led by Dr. Craig Merideth until his  death  in 2005, allowed  to document  what was interpreted  as a mining-metallurgical site specialized  in the  treatment  of cassiterite.  Despite  being  the prehistoric  layers  disturbed by  contemporary,  1950´s,  mining  works,  it  was  possible  to  document  traces  of  prehistoric mining,  remains  of  elliptical  huts  and  some  of  the  steps  of  the  proposed  operational  chain for the mining and processing of tin in the site. The chronological/cultural context for the archaeological register was placed between the 9th-8th/7th-6th  centuries B.C., during which the present-day Extremadura territory was conformed as a Tartesian periphery. Also, the preliminary metallurgical results of the recent (summer 2013, after its declaration as a “Geosite” within the “Villuercas-Ibores-Jara” Geopark) archaeological  excavation in Cerro de San Cristóbal are presented

Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children

We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2

Impact of infection on proteome-wide glycosylation revealed by distinct signatures for bacterial and viral pathogens

Mechanisms of infection and pathogenesis have predominantly been studied based on differential gene or protein expression. Less is known about posttranslational modifications, which are essential for protein functional diversity. We applied an innovative glycoproteomics method to study the systemic proteome-wide glycosylation in response to infection. The protein site-specific glycosylation was characterized in plasma derived from well-defined controls and patients. We found 3862 unique features, of which we identified 463 distinct intact glycopeptides, that could be mapped to more than 30 different proteins. Statistical analyses were used to derive a glycopeptide signature that enabled significant differentiation between patients with a bacterial or viral infection. Furthermore, supported by a machine learning algorithm, we demonstrated the ability to identify the causative pathogens based on the distinctive host blood plasma glycopeptide signatures. These results illustrate that glycoproteomics holds enormous potential as an innovative approach to improve the interpretation of relevant biological changes in response to infection

Relationship between molecular pathogen detection and clinical disease in febrile children across Europe: a multicentre, prospective observational study

BackgroundThe PERFORM study aimed to understand causes of febrile childhood illness by comparing molecular pathogen detection with current clinical practice.MethodsFebrile children and controls were recruited on presentation to hospital in 9 European countries 2016-2020. Each child was assigned a standardized diagnostic category based on retrospective review of local clinical and microbiological data. Subsequently, centralised molecular tests (CMTs) for 19 respiratory and 27 blood pathogens were performed.FindingsOf 4611 febrile children, 643 (14%) were classified as definite bacterial infection (DB), 491 (11%) as definite viral infection (DV), and 3477 (75%) had uncertain aetiology. 1061 controls without infection were recruited. CMTs detected blood bacteria more frequently in DB than DV cases for N. meningitidis (OR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.92-5.99), S. pneumoniae (OR: 3.89, 95% CI: 2.07-7.59), Group A streptococcus (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.13-6.09) and E. coli (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.02-6.71). Respiratory viruses were more common in febrile children than controls, but only influenza A (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.11-0.46), influenza B (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.37) and RSV (OR 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06-0.36) were less common in DB than DV cases. Of 16 blood viruses, enterovirus (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23-0.72) and EBV (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.56-0.90) were detected less often in DB than DV cases. Combined local diagnostics and CMTs respectively detected blood viruses and respiratory viruses in 360 (56%) and 161 (25%) of DB cases, and virus detection ruled-out bacterial infection poorly, with predictive values of 0.64 and 0.68 respectively.InterpretationMost febrile children cannot be conclusively defined as having bacterial or viral infection when molecular tests supplement conventional approaches. Viruses are detected in most patients with bacterial infections, and the clinical value of individual pathogen detection in determining treatment is low. New approaches are needed to help determine which febrile children require antibiotics.FundingEU Horizon 2020 grant 668303

Genomic investigations of unexplained acute hepatitis in children

Since its first identification in Scotland, over 1,000 cases of unexplained paediatric hepatitis in children have been reported worldwide, including 278 cases in the UK1. Here we report an investigation of 38 cases, 66 age-matched immunocompetent controls and 21 immunocompromised comparator participants, using a combination of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and immunohistochemical methods. We detected high levels of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) DNA in the liver, blood, plasma or stool from 27 of 28 cases. We found low levels of adenovirus (HAdV) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) in 23 of 31 and 16 of 23, respectively, of the cases tested. By contrast, AAV2 was infrequently detected and at low titre in the blood or the liver from control children with HAdV, even when profoundly immunosuppressed. AAV2, HAdV and HHV-6 phylogeny excluded the emergence of novel strains in cases. Histological analyses of explanted livers showed enrichment for T cells and B lineage cells. Proteomic comparison of liver tissue from cases and healthy controls identified increased expression of HLA class 2, immunoglobulin variable regions and complement proteins. HAdV and AAV2 proteins were not detected in the livers. Instead, we identified AAV2 DNA complexes reflecting both HAdV-mediated and HHV-6B-mediated replication. We hypothesize that high levels of abnormal AAV2 replication products aided by HAdV and, in severe cases, HHV-6B may have triggered immune-mediated hepatic disease in genetically and immunologically predisposed children