Cherry leaf spot incidence on 12 sweet cherry cultivars in integrated production

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cherry leaf spot (CLS) incidence on 12 sweet cherry cultivars in integrated sweet cherryproduction in three consecutive years from 2010 till 2012. Assessed cultivars (cvs.) were ’Aida’, ’Axel’, ’Biggareau burlat’, ’Blaze Star’,’Celeste’, ’Germersdorfi 3’, ’Izabella’, ’Katalin’, ’Krupnoplodnaja’, ’Linda’, ’Sunburst’, ’Vera’Results showed that year had an essentialeffect on the CLS disease incidence. Cultivars showed great differences within years. Cultivar ’Celeste’ showed the lowest disease incidenceon leaves in all years lower than 10%. The largest disease incidence on leaves was on cv. ’Sunburst’ in 2010, on cv. ’Germersdorfi 3’in 2011and on cv. ’Axel’ in 2012. Disease incidence on these cultivars ranged between 10 and 25%

Cherry leaf spot incidence on 12 sweet cherry cultivars in integrated production

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cherry leaf spot (CLS) incidence on 12 sweet cherry cultivars in integrated sweet cherry production in three consecutive years from 2010 till 2012. Assessed cultivars (cvs.) were ’Aida’, ’Axel’, ’Biggareau burlat’, ’Blaze Star’, ’Celeste’, ’Germersdorfi 3’, ’Izabella’, ’Katalin’, ’Krupnoplodnaja’, ’Linda’, ’Sunburst’, ’Vera’Results showed that year had an essential effect on the CLS disease incidence. Cultivars showed great differences within years. Cultivar ’Celeste’ showed the lowest disease incidence on leaves in all years lower than 10%. The largest disease incidence on leaves was on cv. ’Sunburst’ in 2010, on cv. ’Germersdorfi 3’in 2011 and on cv. ’Axel’ in 2012. Disease incidence on these cultivars ranged between 10 and 25%

Spore dispersal, diurnal pattern and viability of Monilinia spp. conidia and the relationship with weather components in an organic apple orchard

In a two-year Hungarian study, spore dispersal diurnal periodicity and viability of Monilinia spp. and their relation to weather components were determined in an organic apple orchard. Conidia of Monilinia spp. were first trapped in late May in both years. Low number of conidia were trapped until end-June. Thereafter, number of conidia continuously increased until harvest. Conidia in a 24-h period showed diurnal periodicity pattern, with th highest concentration in the afternoon hours. Spore viability with FDA staining showed that viability ofconidia ranged from 45 to 70% with showing lower viability in the dry than in the wet days in both years. Temperature and relative humidity correlated positively with mean hourly conidia numbers in both years. Mean hourly rainfall was negatively but poorly correlated with conidiacatches in both years. Results were compared and discussed with previous observations

Spore dispersal, diurnal pattern and viability of Monilinia spp. conidia and the relationship with weather components in an organic apple orchard

In a two-year Hungarian study, spore dispersal diurnal periodicity and viability of Monilinia spp. and their relation to weathercomponents were determined in an organic apple orchard. Conidia of Monilinia spp. were first trapped in late May in both years. Low numberof conidia were trapped until end-June. Thereafter, number of conidia continuously increased until harvest. Conidia in a 24-h period showeddiurnal periodicity pattern, with th highest concentration in the afternoon hours. Spore viability with FDA staining showed that viability ofconidia ranged from 45 to 70% with showing lower viability in the dry than in the wet days in both years. Temperature and relative humiditycorrelated positively with mean hourly conidia numbers in both years. Mean hourly rainfall was negatively but poorly correlated with conidiacatches in both years. Results were compared and discussed with previous observations

Fruit injury in organic fruit production and its relationship to brown rot caused by Monilinia spp.

In a two-year Hungarian study, the temporal progress of brown rot incidence and various injury types were studiedin organic fruit orchards and the relationship between brown rot and injury types was determined. Results showed that brownrot reached an almost 20% incidence level in both years. Total injury incidence reached up to 5.3 and 19.8% in the two years.In all cases, insect injury incidence was the highest among injury types in most assessment dates. Incidence levels of otherinjury types (bird injury, mechanical injury and other injury) began to increase, but none of those reached levels >4%. Pearson’scorrelation coefficients showed that brown rot incidence correlated significantly with the incidence of insect injury. In addition,brown rot incidence and the incidence levels of bird injuries was also significantly correlated. High injury and brown rotincidence levels suggest further improvements on organic fruit protection

Discriminatory processor sharing with access rate limitations

In the access part of communication networks user access rates are usually limited by technology and are much lower than the bottleneck link transmission capacity carrying the traffic flows aggregated. A possible model for bandwidth sharing of the bottleneck link is the Discriminatory Processor Sharing (DPS) models, in which the server capacity (link bandwidth) is distributed among different classes of users in an unequal manner. Recently, some DPS variants incorporating the access rate limits of users have been analyzed. These models are not bandwidth sparing in a sense, that the capacity share of a class may simply be cut at its access rate limit, and the incidentally residual bandwidth is not reused in other classes. In this paper we introduce and analyze a novel variant of DPS in which the original processor sharing effect and the access rate limit constraints are combined in a bandwidth economical way resulting a truly capacity-conserving operation. Besides the state space characterization of this model, two asymptotic behaviors are also presented. We also argue in the favor of practical significance of these asymptotics, that is it could greatly help in finding high quality approximate solutions of this DPS system, i.e.q in terms of the average waiting times of flows

Pre-Excitation Studies for Rubidium-Plasma Generation

The key element in the Proton-Driven-Plasma-Wake-Field-Accelerator (AWAKE) project is the generation of highly uniform plasma from Rubidium vapor. The standard way to achieve full ionization is to use high power laser which can assure the over-barrier-ionization (OBI) along the 10 meters long active region. The Wigner-team in Budapest is investigating an alternative way of uniform plasma generation. The proposed Resonance Enhanced Multi Photon Ionization (REMPI) scheme probably can be realized by much less laser power. In the following the resonant pre-excitations of the Rb atoms are investigated, theoretically and the status report about the preparatory work on the experiment are presented.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Nucl. Inst. and Meth. in Phys. Res.

Fruit injury in organic fruit production and its relationship to brown rot caused by Monilinia spp.

In a two-year Hungarian study, the temporal progress of brown rot incidence and various injury types were studied in organic fruit orchards and the relationship between brown rot and injury types was determined. Results showed that brown rot reached an almost 20% incidence level in both years. Total injury incidence reached up to 5.3 and 19.8% in the two years. In all cases, insect injury incidence was the highest among injury types in most assessment dates. Incidence levels of other injury types (bird injury, mechanical injury and other  injury) began to increase, but none of those reached levels >4%. Pearson’s correlation coefficients showed that  brown rot incidence correlated significantly with the incidence of insect injury. In addition, brown rot incidence and the incidence levels of bird injuries was also significantly correlated. High injury and brown rot incidence levels suggest further improvements on organic fruit protection

Some aspects of reduced disease management against Blumeriella jaapii in sour cherry production

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reduced spray programmes against cherry leaf spot in integrated and organic sour cherry orchards. Altogether four spray programmes were performed i) standard integrated: sprays followed by forecasting systems during the season, ii) reduced integrated: sprays followed by forecasting systems but only 75% of the spray numbers used during the season-long spray programme, iii) standard oragnic: sprays applied every 7–14 days during the season and iv) reduced organic: 60 % of the spray numbers used during the season-long spray programme. Our study showed that cherry leaf spot did not increase above 3.1, 7.4, and 8.9% in 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively, in the integrated orchards. However, leaf spot incidence was above 20% in all years in the organic field. Reduced spray programme did not increase significantly cherry leaf spot incidence in the integrated field in either years. However, leaf spot incidence increased significanly (above 20%) in the reduced spray programme for the organic orchard

Erythropoietin receptor expression is a potential prognostic factor in human lung adenocarcinoma

Recombinant human erythropoietins (rHuEPOs) are used to treat cancer-related anemia. Recent preclinical studies and clinical trials, however, have raised concerns about the potential tumor-promoting effects of these drugs. Because the clinical significance of erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) signaling in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) also remains controversial, our aim was to study whether EPO treatment modifies tumor growth and if EPOR expression has an impact on the clinical behavior of this malignancy. A total of 43 patients with stage III-IV adenocarcinoma (ADC) and complete clinicopathological data were included. EPOR expression in human ADC samples and cell lines was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Effects of exogenous rHuEPOalpha were studied on human lung ADC cell lines in vitro. In vivo growth of human ADC xenografts treated with rHuEPOalpha with or without chemotherapy was also assessed. In vivo tumor and endothelial cell (EC) proliferation was determined by 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) incorporation and immunofluorescent labeling. Although EPOR mRNA was expressed in all of the three investigated ADC cell lines, rHuEPOalpha treatment (either alone or in combination with gemcitabine) did not alter ADC cell proliferation in vitro. However, rHuEPOalpha significantly decreased tumor cell proliferation and growth of human H1975 lung ADC xenografts. At the same time, rHuEPOalpha treatment of H1975 tumors resulted in accelerated tumor endothelial cell proliferation. Moreover, in patients with advanced stage lung ADC, high intratumoral EPOR mRNA levels were associated with significantly increased overall survival. This study reveals high EPOR level as a potential novel positive prognostic marker in human lung ADC