Svoboda a otevřenost softwaru v knihovnách

The paper aims to demonstrate opportunities which open source and free software or its principles can bring to libraries and other memory institutions. The first part of the paper focuses on key features of open source and free software. Legal aspects and possible benefits for libraries using this type of software are underlined. The second part of the paper briefly introduces selected free software projects which are used in libraries. The final part is dedicated to principles which are applied in free software and which can also be used in library (and other memory institutions) practice, with a special regard to long-term sustainability and to mitigating risks of losing investments in information technologies

Free Software and Cooperation as a Course for Development of Czech Librarianship

The dissertation focuses on the use of free software in Czech libraries. Both real practice and librarians' attitudes to this type of software are analyzed. The main goal of the dissertation has been to evaluate the attitudes of Czech libraries to free software, to analyze its use in practice, to design information and communications strategy for free software project and to implement it using Evergreen as an example project. In order to achieve the goals, both qualitative and quantitative research methods have been used. These included a survey, web data gathering and analysis and also case studies. The devised and implemented information and communications strategy consists of eight main parts (setting up a local community, creating communication tools, organizing seminars, Czech localization, the creation of first common catalogues, making documentation publicly available, active involvement in the international community and establishing a legal entity to improve awareness about free software among librarians) which are complemented with a SWOT analysis evaluating the strategy implementation

Free Software and Cooperation as a Course for Development of Czech Librarianship

The dissertation focuses on the use of free software in Czech libraries. Both real practice and librarians' attitudes to this type of software are analyzed. The main goal of the dissertation has been to evaluate the attitudes of Czech libraries to free software, to analyze its use in practice, to design information and communications strategy for free software project and to implement it using Evergreen as an example project. In order to achieve the goals, both qualitative and quantitative research methods have been used. These included a survey, web data gathering and analysis and also case studies. The devised and implemented information and communications strategy consists of eight main parts (setting up a local community, creating communication tools, organizing seminars, Czech localization, the creation of first common catalogues, making documentation publicly available, active involvement in the international community and establishing a legal entity to improve awareness about free software among librarians) which are complemented with a SWOT analysis evaluating the strategy implementation

Evergreen v praxi českých knihoven

Evergreen in Czech Library Practice First, Evergreen library software is briefly introduced. Reasons which led to its development are presented as well as its user community. The key part of the paper focuses on Evergreen implementation and current use in the Czech environment, with a special emphasis on Jabok Library. Issues related to data migration from the library's previous library software to Evergreen and the contents of a project entitled Development and Quality Improvement of Jabok Library Online Services Using Evergreen Library Software which is carried out thanks to VISK 3 grant support in 2012 are covered. The project includes the creation of cataloguing templates, displaying of book covers available from http://obalkyknih.cz/, Did You Mean? functionality in the Czech language, improvements in the Czech localization and implementation of the DokuWiki platform aimed at sharing project results (including manuals). Demonstrations of how it is possible to use both the online catalog and staff client in different versions of Evergreen are also an integral part of the paper

Modelling individual tree height to crown base of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).

Height to crown base (HCB) of a tree is an important variable often included as a predictor in various forest models that serve as the fundamental tools for decision-making in forestry. We developed spatially explicit and spatially inexplicit mixed-effects HCB models using measurements from a total 19,404 trees of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) on the permanent sample plots that are located across the Czech Republic. Variables describing site quality, stand density or competition, and species mixing effects were included into the HCB model with use of dominant height (HDOM), basal area of trees larger in diameters than a subject tree (BAL- spatially inexplicit measure) or Hegyi's competition index (HCI-spatially explicit measure), and basal area proportion of a species of interest (BAPOR), respectively. The parameters describing sample plot-level random effects were included into the HCB model by applying the mixed-effects modelling approach. Among several functional forms evaluated, the logistic function was found most suited to our data. The HCB model for Norway spruce was tested against the data originated from different inventory designs, but model for European beech was tested using partitioned dataset (a part of the main dataset). The variance heteroscedasticity in the residuals was substantially reduced through inclusion of a power variance function into the HCB model. The results showed that spatially explicit model described significantly a larger part of the HCB variations [R2adj = 0.86 (spruce), 0.85 (beech)] than its spatially inexplicit counterpart [R2adj = 0.84 (spruce), 0.83 (beech)]. The HCB increased with increasing competitive interactions described by tree-centered competition measure: BAL or HCI, and species mixing effects described by BAPOR. A test of the mixed-effects HCB model with the random effects estimated using at least four trees per sample plot in the validation data confirmed that the model was precise enough for the prediction of HCB for a range of site quality, tree size, stand density, and stand structure. We therefore recommend measuring of HCB on four randomly selected trees of a species of interest on each sample plot for localizing the mixed-effects model and predicting HCB of the remaining trees on the plot. Growth simulations can be made from the data that lack the values for either crown ratio or HCB using the HCB models

Genetic Structure of Norway Spruce Ecotypes Studied by SSR Markers

Norway spruce is a widespread and economically highly important tree species in Central Europe which occurs there in different morphotypic forms (also known as ecotypes). Previously established common garden experiments indicated that the morphological differentiation is most likely genetically determined. The genetic structure of Norway spruce morphological variants might be an indicator (marker) of specific sustainability in forest ecosystems. In this study, we investigated 436 individuals from autochthonous populations belonging to three different ecotypes. The main aim was to evaluate a level of genetic intra and interpopulation diversity among the low, medium and high-elevation ecotypes using both expressed sequence tag simple sequence repeats (EST – SSR) and genomic SSR markers. Sixteen highly polymorphic microsatellite loci folded in two newly designed multiplexes were used to depicture the genetic structure of targeted trees. Important allele frequency parameters, such as the mean expected (0.722, SE = 0.061) and observed (0.585, SE = 0.062) heterozygosity and mean effective number of alleles (Ne = 5.943, SE = 1.279), were estimated. The low genetic differentiation detected among different ecotypes (Fst = 0.008) was further discussed and clarified

Bias of the mixed-effects HCB model in the validation data.

<p>The random effects were estimated using the measured HCB of four randomly selected trees per sample plot [solid line: spatially inexplicit HCB model; dotted line: spatially explicit HCB model].</p

Modelling individual tree height to crown base of Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.) and European beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.)

<div><p>Height to crown base (HCB) of a tree is an important variable often included as a predictor in various forest models that serve as the fundamental tools for decision-making in forestry. We developed spatially explicit and spatially inexplicit mixed-effects HCB models using measurements from a total 19,404 trees of Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.) and European beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) on the permanent sample plots that are located across the Czech Republic. Variables describing site quality, stand density or competition, and species mixing effects were included into the HCB model with use of dominant height (HDOM), basal area of trees larger in diameters than a subject tree (BAL- spatially inexplicit measure) or Hegyi’s competition index (HCI—spatially explicit measure), and basal area proportion of a species of interest (BAPOR), respectively. The parameters describing sample plot-level random effects were included into the HCB model by applying the mixed-effects modelling approach. Among several functional forms evaluated, the logistic function was found most suited to our data. The HCB model for Norway spruce was tested against the data originated from different inventory designs, but model for European beech was tested using partitioned dataset (a part of the main dataset). The variance heteroscedasticity in the residuals was substantially reduced through inclusion of a power variance function into the HCB model. The results showed that spatially explicit model described significantly a larger part of the HCB variations [R²_adj = 0.86 (spruce), 0.85 (beech)] than its spatially inexplicit counterpart [R²_adj = 0.84 (spruce), 0.83 (beech)]. The HCB increased with increasing competitive interactions described by tree-centered competition measure: BAL or HCI, and species mixing effects described by BAPOR. A test of the mixed-effects HCB model with the random effects estimated using at least four trees per sample plot in the validation data confirmed that the model was precise enough for the prediction of HCB for a range of site quality, tree size, stand density, and stand structure. We therefore recommend measuring of HCB on four randomly selected trees of a species of interest on each sample plot for localizing the mixed-effects model and predicting HCB of the remaining trees on the plot. Growth simulations can be made from the data that lack the values for either crown ratio or HCB using the HCB models.</p></div

Parameter estimates, variance-covariance components, and fit statistics of the mixed-effects model (Eq 5).

<p>[<i>R</i>^<i>2</i>_<i>adj</i>: adjusted coefficient determination; <i>RMSE</i>: root mean squared errors; <i>AIC</i>: Akaike’s information criterion; <i>b</i>_<i>1</i>, <i>b</i>_<i>2</i>,<i>…</i>,<i>b</i>_<i>6</i>: fixed parameters; <i>u</i>_<i>j1</i>, <i>u</i>_<i>j2</i> = random effects parameters; <i>σ</i>^<i>2</i>_<i>uj1</i>: variance of <i>u</i>_<i>j1</i>; <i>σ</i>^<i>2</i>_<i>uj2</i>: variance of <i>u</i>_<i>j2</i>; <i>σ</i>^<i>2</i>: variance according to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0186394#pone.0186394.e010" target="_blank">Eq 7</a>; <i>φ</i> = parameter of a power variance function (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0186394#pone.0186394.e011" target="_blank">Eq 8</a>); standard errors are given in the parenthesis].</p