Evaluación de Coeficientes de Fricción en el Transporte de Fluidos No-Newtonianos

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue medir las caídas de presión para obtener los coeficientes de fricción de fluidos no-newtonianos. Se empleó un sistema de transporte con varios accesorios en los que se hicieron pasar los fluidos de prueba, midiendo el flujo volumétrico y las pérdidas de presión. Los coeficientes de fricción que se obtuvieron para el agua como fluido de referencia fueron entre 0.42 y 25.7, y para las soluciones de sal de sodio de carboximetil celulosa (NaCMC) entre 0.43 y 38.1. Los coeficientes de fricción obtenidos aumentaron con la concentración, lo que permitió obtener una relación potencial entre dicho coeficiente y la concentración de sal para la mayoría de los accesorios y tuberías en que fueron empleados. Las diferencias encontradas al comparar los valores determinados experimentalmente con otros informados en la literatura, se atribuyen al comportamiento reológico del fluido, al circuito de flujo empleado, y al llamado ¿efecto de influencia mutua¿ de los accesorios

Current state of research and main barriers to evidence-based practice in Colombian physical therapists

Introducción La práctica basada en la evidencia científica (PBE) se define como un proceso cuyo objetivo es la selección de los mejores argumentos científicos para la resolución de los problemas que se plantean en la práctica clínica. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el estado actual de la investigación y las principales barreras para la incorporación del uso de la PBE en fisioterapeutas colombianos. Materiales y métodos Estudio transversal, multicéntrico y descriptivo en 221 fisioterapeutas colombianos sin formación previa en PBE. Se aplicó una encuesta de 18 ítems divida en 3 apartados diferenciados: a) información de la titulación; b) aplicación de PBE, y c) áreas y líneas de desempeño profesional e investigativo. Adicionalmente, se reunieron datos de información sociodemográfica. Resultados El promedio de edad fue 26,6 ± 6,1 años; el 76% de los encuestados tenían titulación profesional y solo el 3,2% nivel de maestría. Un 43,4% de los encuestados buscan información en fuentes primarias y secundarias, mientras que el 28,5% respondió nunca hacerlo. El 55,7% usaban búsquedas mediante Altavista, Google, Hotbot y Lycos, y solo un 13% usaba Tesauros. El 48,9% respondía haber realizado estudios de tipo descriptivo, el 10,4% experimentales y el 3,2% de casos y controles. Un 10,9% de los encuestados desarrollaba proyectos en cuidado crítico, el 7,2% en enfermedad articular y el 4,5% en enfermedad neurológica. Conclusión El estudio confirma la escasa actividad científica y las barreras que limitan la inclusión de la PBE en profesionales de fisioterapia de Colombia. Múltiples estrategias de cambio serán necesarias para facilitar la inclusión de actividades encaminadas a la mejora de la competencia profesional en esta materia.Introduction Scientific evidence based practice (SEBP) is defined as a process whose objective is the selection of the best scientific arguments to solve the problems occurring in the clinical practice. This study has aimed to evaluate the current status of the investigation and the principal barriers existing for the Columbian physiotherapists to incorporate SEBP. Material and methods A cross-sectional, multicenter and descriptive study was performed in 221 Colombian physiotherapists with no previous training in SEBP. An 18-item survey divided into 3 differentiated sections was applied. These sections were: 1) degree information, 2) application of SEBP and 3) areas and lines of professional and investigational work. In addition, sociodemographic information data were collected. Results Average age was 26.6 ± 6.1 years; 76% of those surveyed had a professional degree and only 3.2% a master's degree. A total of 43.4% of those surveyed looked for information in primary and secondary sources while 28.5% stated they never did so. Searcy was performed in Altavista, Google, Hotbot, Lycos by 55.7% and only 13% used Tesauros. 48.9% stated they had carried out descriptive type studies, 10.4% experimental and 3.2% case-controls. Of those surveyed, 10.9% developed projected in critical care, 7.2% in articular disease and 4.5% in neurological disorder. Conclusion This study confirms the scarce scientific activity and barriers that limit including SEPB in physiotherapy professionals in Colombia. Multiple strategies Introduction Scientific evidence based practice (SEBP) is defined as a process whose objective is the selection of the best scientific arguments to solve the problems occurring in the clinical practice. This study has aimed to evaluate the current status of the investigation and the principal barriers existing for the Columbian physiotherapists to incorporate SEBP. Material and methods A cross-sectional, multicenter and descriptive study was performed in 221 Colombian physiotherapists with no previous training in SEBP. An 18-item survey divided into 3 differentiated sections was applied. These sections were: 1) degree information, 2) application of SEBP and 3) areas and lines of professional and investigational work. In addition, sociodemographic information data were collected. Results Average age was 26.6 ± 6.1 years; 76% of those surveyed had a professional degree and only 3.2% a master's degree. A total of 43.4% of those surveyed looked for information in primary and secondary sources while 28.5% stated they never did so. Searcy was performed in Altavista, Google, Hotbot, Lycos by 55.7% and only 13% used Tesauros. 48.9% stated they had carried out descriptive type studies, 10.4% experimental and 3.2% case-controls. Of those surveyed, 10.9% developed projected in critical care, 7.2% in articular disease and 4.5% in neurological disorder. Conclusion This study confirms the scarce scientific activity and barriers that limit including SEPB in physiotherapy professionals in Colombia. Multiple strategies of change will be necessary to facilitate the inclusion of activities aimed at the improvement of professional expertise in this material.of change will be necessary to facilitate the inclusion of activities aimed at the improvement of professional expertise in this material

Doping Liquid Argon with Xenon in ProtoDUNE Single-Phase: Effects on Scintillation Light

International audienceDoping of liquid argon TPCs (LArTPCs) with a small concentration of xenon is a technique for light-shifting and facilitates the detection of the liquid argon scintillation light. In this paper, we present the results of the first doping test ever performed in a kiloton-scale LArTPC. From February to May 2020, we carried out this special run in the single-phase DUNE Far Detector prototype (ProtoDUNE-SP) at CERN, featuring 770 t of total liquid argon mass with 410 t of fiducial mass. The goal of the run was to measure the light and charge response of the detector to the addition of xenon, up to a concentration of 18.8 ppm. The main purpose was to test the possibility for reduction of non-uniformities in light collection, caused by deployment of photon detectors only within the anode planes. Light collection was analysed as a function of the xenon concentration, by using the pre-existing photon detection system (PDS) of ProtoDUNE-SP and an additional smaller set-up installed specifically for this run. In this paper we first summarize our current understanding of the argon-xenon energy transfer process and the impact of the presence of nitrogen in argon with and without xenon dopant. We then describe the key elements of ProtoDUNE-SP and the injection method deployed. Two dedicated photon detectors were able to collect the light produced by xenon and the total light. The ratio of these components was measured to be about 0.65 as 18.8 ppm of xenon were injected. We performed studies of the collection efficiency as a function of the distance between tracks and light detectors, demonstrating enhanced uniformity of response for the anode-mounted PDS. We also show that xenon doping can substantially recover light losses due to contamination of the liquid argon by nitrogen