DETECTION AND PURIFICATION OF HARMFUL COMPOUNDS IN BEVERAGES USING HPLC

The presence of harmful compounds like caffeine and carbonated compounds in different beverages like soft drinks, fruit juices deserves great attention because of its toxic and carcinogenic effects on  human beings. We report on the detection and purification of those substances with the help of HPLC(High Performance  Liquid Chromatography).According to the migration rate, stationary phase and mobile phase, retention time we can extract the desire compounds. Depending upon the solvent and sample we can detect the compounds with  the  help  of the detector.The chromatogram will be  displayed and it can be viewed in the PC with the help of  Osiris  software. Compounds like Caffeine, Aspartame, Neotame, Saccharin, Maltodextrin, sucrose, fructose etc can be detected and purified. Detection and purification takes place in the column of HPLC where the process called adsorption takes place. Retention time can be calculated by the total time taken of a component that spends  in both mobile phase and stationary phase. It is always expressed in minute

Design and Implementation of Shared Bus based Heterogeneous MPSoC

An MPSoC architecture is proposed with shared bus interconnect and its components mainly comprising of soft IPs. The proposed MPSoC architecture has four masters and four slaves communicated over a shared bus interconnect. Each master deals with two 16-bit inputs and process among an output of 32-bit. The slaves are four independent RAM soft IPs to be designed to handle 32-bit data. The main theme is to make the four masters and four slaves to get their tasks accessed through a 32-bit shared bus interconnect. Initially the soft IPs of processors and RAM memory elements are to be designed and to be verified using Modelsim simulation software. Before developing the proposed architecture, a prototype of one master to four slaves (1:4) with a simple address decoding scheme has to be developed and simulated in Modelsim simulation software. The prototype model architecture should be synthesized under target device Altera Cyclone II using Quartus synthesizing tool. The proposed architecture of 4 masters and 4 slaves with a common shared bus interconnect should be achieved and implement the entire architecture over Altera FPGA board and verify its functionality

Specificity protein, Sp1-mediated increased expression of Prdx6 as a curcumin-induced antioxidant defense in lens epithelial cells against oxidative stress

Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a pleiotropic oxidative stress-response protein that defends cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage. Curcumin, a naturally occurring agent, has diversified beneficial roles including cytoprotection. Using human lens epithelial cells (hLECs) and Prdx6-deficient cells, we show the evidence that curcumin protects cells by upregulating Prdx6 transcription via invoking specificity protein 1 (Sp1) activity against proapoptotic stimuli. Curcumin enhanced Sp1 and Prdx6 mRNA and protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner, as evidenced by western and real-time PCR analyses, and thereby negatively regulated ROS-mediated apoptosis by blunting ROS expression and lipid peroxidation. Bioinformatic analysis and DNA–protein binding assays disclosed three active Sp1 sites (−19/27, −61/69 and −82/89) in Prdx6 promoter. Co-transfection experiments with Sp1 and Prdx6 promoter–chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) constructs showed that CAT activity was dramatically increased in LECs or Sp1-deficient cells (SL2). Curcumin treatment of LECs enhanced Sp1 binding to its sites, consistent with curcumin-dependent stimulation of Prdx6 promoter with Sp1 sites and cytoprotection. Notably, disruption of Sp1 sites by point mutagenesis abolished curcumin transactivation of Prdx6. Also, curcumin failed to activate Prdx6 expression in the presence of Sp1 inhibitors, demonstrating that curcumin-mediated increased expression of Prdx6 was dependent on Sp1 activity. Collectively, the study may provide a foundation for developing transcription-based inductive therapy to reinforce endogenous antioxidant defense by using dietary supplements

Ferulic acid and derivatives: molecules with potential application in the pharmaceutical field

Ferulic acid is a phenolic acid widely distributed in the plant kingdom. It presents a wide range of potential therapeutic effects useful in the treatments of cancer, diabetes, lung and cardiovascular diseases, as well as hepatic, neuro and photoprotective effects and antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Overall, the pharmaceutical potential of ferulic acid can be attributed to its ability to scavenge free radicals. However, recent studies have revealed that ferulic acid presents pharmacological properties beyond those related to its antioxidant activity, such as the ability to competitively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase and activate glucokinase, contributing to reduce hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia, respectively. The present review addresses ferulic acid dietary sources, the pharmacokinetic profile, antioxidant action mechanisms and therapeutic effects in the treatment and prevention of various diseases, in order to provide a basis for understanding its mechanisms of action as well as its pharmaceutical potential

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF STATIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY BY SCHMITT TRIGGER TOPOLOGY FOR LOW VOLTAGE APPLICATIONS

Aggressive scaling of transistor dimensions with each technology generation has resulted an increased integration density and improved device performance at the expense of increased leakage current. The Supply voltage scaling is an effective way of reducing dynamic as well as leakage power consumption. However the sensitivity of the circuit parameters increases with reduction of the supply voltage. SRAM bit- cells utilizing minimum sized transistors are susceptible to various random process variations. The Schmitt Trigger based operation gives better readconstancy as well as superior write-ability compared to the standard bitcell configurations. The proposed Schmitt Trigger based bitcells integrate a built-in feedback mechanism make the process with high tolerance. In this paper an obsolete design of a differential sensing Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) bit cells for ultralow-power and ultralow-area Schmitt trigger operation is introduced. The ST bit cells incorporate a built-in feedback mechanism, provided by separate control signal if the feedback is given by the internal nodes, achieving process variation tolerance that must be used for future nano-scaled technology nodes. In this we proposed 32nm technology for designing 10T SRAM cell using Microwind.Total power about 30% is reduced due to 32 nm technology as compared to 65 nm technlology

High Electricity Generation using Oscillations of Pendulum

Power generation is one of the major factors in the recent years. To reduce this problem resources like solar energy, wind energy, thermal energy, hydel energy, nuclear energy, etc. have been used. Since with all these above energy resources, we are facing power crisis due to many factors. Future energy sustainability depends heavily on how the renewable energy problem is addressed in the next few decades. The main problems with these energy sources are cost and availability. Wind and solar power are not always available where and when needed. So to avoid these problems renewable energy sources can be used. In this project, the simple pendulum concept is used. The simple pendulum setup with gear mechanism and wiper motor through a PIC microcontroller and relay is employed as it does not require large external energy. The gear mechanism and wiper motor is used along the simple pendulum in order to obtain continuous oscillations where the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy

Automatic License Plate Recognition (LPR) System Using Cascade Forward Neural Network

Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) has several applications in traffic systems (highway electronic toll collection, red lightweight violation social control, border and customs checkpoints, etc.). LPR is a good kind of AVI systems. Image pre-processing is completed to form the input image suited additional process. During this project, a wise and easy formula is planned for vehicle’s vehicle plate recognition system. The planned formula is three fold: Extraction of plate region, segmentation of characters and recognition of plate characters. For extracting the plate region Connected element Extraction (CCE) algorithms is employed. For segmentation part Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) algorithms is used. And finally Cascade Forward Neural Network (CFNN) is used to recognize the characters by using Edge Orientation Histogram (EOH) and Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested with set of 24 images. Based on the experimental results, it is observed that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other existing techniques

Effect of Mn Doping on the Structural, Optical and Magnetic Properties of SnO2SnO_2 Nanoparticles

Undoped and Mn doped $SnO_2$ prepared by co-precipitation method exhibits nanocrystalline nature with prominent peaks along (110), (101), (211), and (310) planes. All the prepared samples are nanocrystalline with crystallite size lying in the range of 4.8-5.6 nm. The prepared $SnO_2$ nanoparticles exhibit single tetragonal crystalline phase. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy images show that the particles are nanocrystalline in nature. The composition of the prepared samples have been analyzed using energy dispersive analysis of X-rays spectra. The photoluminescence spectroscopy shows the recombination of electrons in singly occupied oxygen vacancies with photoexcited holes in the valence band. Broad UV emission at 426 nm is observed in photoluminescence. UV-vis absorption spectral studies showed a peak at 385 nm. Magnetic measurements revealed that all the doped samples exhibit room temperature ferromagnetism, which is identified as an intrinsic characteristic obtained on doping. Pure SnO_2 nanoparticles showed diamagnetism, $SnO_2$ with lower Mn content show larger magnetization and with increasing Mn content the retentivity and coercivity are found to decrease