The Impact of Parental Psychiatric Symptoms and Parent-Child Relationships on Behavioural and Emotional Problems in Newly- Diagnosed Toddlers and Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Background: Emotional and behavioural problems occur at a high rate in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). These problems are associated with a broad range of risk factors such as parental psychopathology and family environment in school-age children and adolescents. However, limited information is available about these phenomena in toddlers and preschool children. This cross-sectional study examined the association of maternal and paternal psychiatric symptoms and mother-child relationships with emotional and behavioural problems and socioemotional competence of newly-diagnosed young children with ASD.Method: Autistic symptoms, developmental level, and mother-child relationship of children were evaluated. Parents completed a checklist on child behavioural and emotional problems, and individual questionnaires on their own mental health.Results: Participants were 35 children with ASD aged 18 – 53 months, referred to an infant mental health clinic. Maternal hostility and poor mother-child relationships have been found to be independently associated with emotional and behaviour problems in these children.Conclusions: This study suggests that maternal hostility and mother-child relationship problems may play a role for the development of emotional and behaviour problems in toddlers and preschool children with ASD

Letter from a Supporter in the Dominican Republic to Geraldine Ferraro

Letter from a supporter in the Dominican Republic to Geraldine Ferraro. Letter includes a Library of Congress translation.https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/vice_presidential_campaign_correspondence_1984_international/1301/thumbnail.jp

Effect of Pruning on Diameter Growth in Pinus brutia Ten. Plantations in Turkey

Pruning is a technique used to add value to trees growing in forest stands, allowing the formation of clear, knot-free wood. Although many factors affect timber value, knots are the primary cause of reduction in timber quality of conifers. On the other hand, pruning may also cause reduction in the rate of tree growth, depending on pruning intensity.The aim of this study is to assess the effects of different pruning intensities on DBH (diameter at breast height) growth of young Pinus brutia plantations. For this purpose, three field experimental sites each with different site qualities, were established in three different locations. Four different treatments were applied at each test site: 1) control, no pruning of branches, 2) pruning up to 25% of tree height, 3) pruning up to 50% of tree height, and 4) pruning up to 75% of tree height. The effects of pruning on DBH growth were observed over a period of 14 years. At »Bük« test site, which has the poorest site quality, only those specimens pruned up to 75% of tree height showed significant reduction in DBH growth compared to the control. However, at »Nebiler« and »Kursunlu« test sites, specimens pruned both up to 50% and 75% of tree height showed statistically significant decrease in DBH growth. To recover from pruning stress in terms of DBH growth rate, it took trees 6 years at the poorest test site and 4 years at the relatively better test sites. This indicates that site quality of plantation sites accounts for not only DBH growth differences between sites, but also recovery rate of trees from any disturbances. Results showed that for those trees pruned up to 75% of their height, total DBH growth was reduced by between 6.5% and 9.0% after 14 years compared to the control at the test sites. No negative effect from pruning on DBH increment was observed in the first growing season. This may be due to earlier storage of nutrition in different parts of trees, thereby enabling them to compensate for the stress of crown reduction during the first growing season following pruning

Serum oxytocin and vasopressin levels in adolescent anxiety disorders and related factors

Bu çalışmada ergenlerde sosyal anksiyete bozukluğu (SAB), diğer anksiyete bozuklukları (yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu, ayrılık anksiyetesi bozukluğu, panik bozukluk) ve kontrol grupları arasında serum oksitosin ve vazopresin düzeylerinin farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin saptanması ve oksitosin ile vazopresin düzeylerinin diğer psikiyatrik parametrelerle (anksiyete duyarlılığı, davranışsal inhibisyon düzeyleri) olan ilişkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya çocuk ve ergen psikiyatri polikliniğine ilk kez başvuran 12-18 yaş arasında DSM-5 tanı ölçütlerine göre SAB (n=29) ve diğer anksiyete bozuklukları (n=27) tanısı konan ergenler ve sağlıklı kontroller (n=28) alınmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan hem hasta grubu hem de kontrol grubundaki bireylere ve ebeveynlerine depresyon, anksiyete düzeyleri, anksiyete duyarlılığı ve davranışsal inhibisyon gibi ek ruhsal faktörlerin belirlenmesi için katılımcıların kendilerinin dolduracağı özbildirim ölçekleri verilmiştir. Serum oksitosin ve vazopresin düzeyleri katılımcılardan alınan serum örneklerinden belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda SAB ve diğer anksiyete bozuklukları grubunda serum oksitosin düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre istatiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunurken SAB grubu ve diğer anksiyete bozuklukları grubu arasında oksitosin düzeyleri açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmemiştir. Çalışmada yer alan gruplar arasında vazopresin düzeyleri açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmemiştir. Sonuç: Yüksek oksitosin düzeyleri anksiyete bozukluğu olan ergenler için bir nörobiyolojik bir belirteç olabilir. Oksitosin ve vazopresin ile anksiyete bozuklukları arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi için daha fazla araştırma gerekmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: anksiyete bozuklukları, oksitosin, vazopresin, sosyal fobi, davranışsal inhibisyon Bu araştırma için gerekli olan maddi destek Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü tarafından 161518023 proje numarası ile sağlanmıştır.In this study, it was aimed to determine whether there is a difference in serum oxytocin and vasopressin levels among social anxiety disorder(SAD), other anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, panic disorder) and healthy control groups in adolescents. Secondly it was aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between several psychiatric parameters (anxiety sensitivity, behavioral inhibition levels) and serum oxytocin or vasopressin levels. Materials and Methods: The study included adolescents aged 12 to 18 years with SAD (n=29) and other anxiety disorders (n=27) diagnosis on the basis of DSM-5 criteria, who were seeking medical treatment for the first time at the child psychiatry outpatient unit, and control group (n=28). In order to determine other psychiatric symptoms of participants like depression, anxiety, anxiety sensitivity and behavioral inhibition levels, participants and their parents filled out self-report scales. Serum oxytocin and vasopressin levels were determined from serum samples taken from participants. Results: Serum oxytocin levels were significantly higher in SAD and other anxiety disorders group as compared to control group and serum oxytocin levels did not show significant difference between SAD group and other anxiety disorders group. Serum vazopressin levels did not show significant difference among the study groups. Conclusion: The high levels of serum oxytocin may be a neurobiological marker for adolescents with anxiety disorders except SAD. The causal relationship between oxytocin, vasopressin and anxiety disorders require further investigation. Keywords: anxiety disorders, oxytocin, vasopressin, social phobia, behavioral inhibition The financial support required for this research is provided by Necmettin Erbakan University Scientific Research Projects Coordinatorship with project number 161518023

Otizm ve tourette sendromu birlikteliğinde düşük doz aripiprazol monoterapisinin etkinliği: olgu sunumu

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu OSB çocukluk döneminde başlangıç gösteren, iletişimde büyük sorunlara yol açan ve bireyin işlevselliğini ve yaşam kalitesini belirgin şekilde etkileyen bir nörogelişimsel rahatsızlıktır. Tik bozuklukları, dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu gibi birçok psikiyatrik hastalıkla komorbidite gösterebilmektedir. Atipikantipsikotikler OSB olgularında irritabilite ve eşlik eden psikiyatrik rahatsızlıkların tedavisinde sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bu ilaçlardan aripiprazol son yıllarda etki profili nedeniyle oldukça popülerlik kazanmıştır. Psikiyatrik bozuklukların tedavisinde düşük doz aripiprazolünmonoterapi olarak etkinliği dikkat çekicidir. Bu olgu sunumunda ASD ve Tourette Sendromlu otistik çocuğun tedavisinde düşük doz aripiprazolmonoterapisinin etkinliğini sunacağı

Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatri - Temel Bilgiler

KitapÇocukların gelecekte iyi bir birey olabilmeleri, sağlıklı bir şekilde gelişimlerini tamamlayabilmeleri açısından, ruhsal durumlarının iyi takip edilmesi ve ihtiyaçları yönünde planlamaların yapılması, başta idareciler olmak üzere, bütün toplumun sorumluğundadır. Tıp fakülteleri halkın sağlığını korumada öncü liderler yetiştiren en önemli kurumlardır. Buradaki öğrencilerin, hedefe yönelik, bilgi, beceri ve yetkinliğini kazanmış olarak doktor ünvanını alabilmeleri temel amaçlardandır. Bu bağlamda, çocuk ve ergen ruh sağlığı ve hastalıkları anabilim dalları, hekimlerin çocuk sağlığı ve gelişimi alanında sahadaki ihtiyacına uygun bir şekilde vizyonunun gelişimine önemli katkılar sunmaktadır. Bu kitap da özenle hazırlanmış olup sade ve pratik bilgileri içermesi bakımından çok önemli bir eser olarak sunulmuştur

Prediction of mass and discrimination of common bean by machine learning approaches

Beans usually have similar physical attributes; thus, it is difficult to distinguish them manually. Size, shape, and mass attributes of seeds help in breeding, selection, classification, separation, and machine design. This study was conducted to determine physical attributes of 20 bean genotypes with the use of image processing techniques. Color characteristics of the present genotypes were also determined. Then, four different machine learning algorithms (MLP, RF, SVR, and&nbsp;k-NN) were employed to predict seed mass. Among the present genotypes, Güzelöz and Özdemir genotypes had the highest size, shape, and color characteristics. Highly significant positive correlations were encountered between projected area-equivalent diameter (r = 1.00), between geometric mean diameter—surface area and volume (r = 1.00). On the other hand, highly significant negative correlations were seen between sphericity—elongation in vertical orientation (r = − 0.98). In hierarchical cluster analysis for physical attributes, Alberto–Aslan and Aras&nbsp;98–Şahin genotypes were identified as the closest genotypes. According to PCA analysis, the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) were able to explain 73% of total variation among the genotypes. While PC1 axis included projected area (vertical), equivalent diameter (vertical), and length, PC2 axis included&nbsp;L*,&nbsp;a*,&nbsp;b*, sphericity, roundness (vertical), and elongation (vertical). Among the present machine learning algorithms, RF yielded the best performances in mass estimation of bean seeds. It was concluded that machine learning techniques increased the efficiency of related machinery and helped to save time and labor.</p

Machine learning based mass prediction and discrimination of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars

© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.Chickpea is an important edible legume that can be grown in rain fed conditions. Image analysis and machine learning could be used for rapid and non-destructive determination of seed physical attributes and such techniques yield objective, accurate and reliable results. In this study, size, shape, and area attributes of 26 different chickpea cultivars were determined by image processing method, and color properties were determined by chromametric method, and machine learning algorithms (Multilayer Perceptron-MLP, Random Forest-RF, Support Vector Regression-SVR, and k-Nearest Neighbor-kNN, were used for mass prediction of chickpea seeds. Ilgaz and Çakır cultivars had the highest size and shape values, while İzmir and Sezenbey cultivars had the highest color attributes. Compactness (in horizontal orientation) had a positive correlation with the equivalent diameter (in vertical orientation) and elongation (in vertical orientation) (r = 0.99 for both parameters). Besides, a* had a high correlation with b* (r = 0.97). According to Euclidean distances, Akça–İnci and Damla–Işık cultivars were identified as the closest cultivars in terms of physical attributes. In PCA analysis, PC1 and PC2 explained 73.17% of the total variation. The PC1 included length, geometric mean diameter, volume and surface area, and the PC2 included roundness (in horizontal orientation), thickness, elongation (in horizontal orientation) and sphericity. RF and ML had successful results with the values of 0.8054 and 0.8043 for train-test split, and 0.8231 and 0.8142 for k-fold cross validation, respectively. Present findings revealed that texture image processing and machine learning could be used as an effective and inexpensive discrimination tool for chickpea seeds

Cardiovascular disease risk in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

PMID: 36700314Objective: The aim of this case-controlled study is to evaluate chronic inflammation, subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease risk in children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods: A total of 51 medication-free children and adolescents with ADHD and 51 healthy controls were included in this study. K-SADS-PL was used to determine the diagnosis of ADHD and other psychiatric disorders. Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short Form and the Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale-Revised Short Form severity of ADHD was used to evaluate severity of ADHD. In order to evaluate subclinical atherosclerosis, common carotid intima media thickness (IMT), epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EAT), and periaortic adipose tissue thickness (PAT) were assessed as well as clinical parameters. Results: The IMT (0.037 ± 0.005 cm vs. 0.026 ± 0.003 cm), EAT (0.472 ± 0.076 cm vs. 0.355 ± 0.051 cm), and PAT (0.135 ± 0.016 cm vs. 0.118 ± 0.009 cm) measurements were significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group. Additionally, partial correlation analyses revealed that a positive correlation was observed between IMT and EAT, and PAT measurements separately. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that, body mass index (BMI) positively predicted IMT. Also, age and BMI positively predicted the EAT levels of the subjects with ADHD. Conclusion: Our results suggest that children and adolescents with ADHD have a risk for cardiovascular disease. For this reason, subclinical atherosclerosis should be taken into consideration in the follow-up and treatment of ADHD for cardiovascular disease risk