Managing health and safety risks in restoration/renovation of historic buildings

Restoration and renovation of historic buildings aim to preserve and sustain those buildings with their original state. This fact is important to conserve historical values for a society as well as for sustainable city planning. Restoration projects have their own occupational health and safety risks and differ from ordinary construction projects. Additionally, implementation of safety measures according to the current regulations are very difficult due to geometrical structure, type of material used and preservation consideration for the structural and architectural elements of the historic buildings. Since the risks as well as mitigation and abatement techniques differ from conventional buildings, restoration projects require paying attention to establish safety and health plan and risk management system to implement safety and health measures. In this paper, different health and safety risks of the restoration projects are discussed. Different safety and health practices are dealt with ordinary structures, risk assessment is made according to specific risks, findings are revealed in some certain restoration projects in Turkey and a new approach for health and safety management in restoration projects is introduced.Publisher's Versio

A novel GNSS repeater architecture for indoor positioning systems in ISM band

For indoor positioning using customary Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers, the use of GNSS repeaters can be considered. However, regulations and provisions limit the use of GNSSrepeaters. In order to circumvent these limitations, we propose a novel repeater architecture that transmits the Global Positioning System (GPS)signals in433 MHz ISM bandby frequency down-conversion.In addition,areceiver front end is proposed to upconvert GPS signals back to 1575.42 MHz, which allows any off-the-shelf GPS receiver to be used for indoor positioning.Measurement results with the RF hardware show that when the GPS signals are down-converted and then upconverted back to its original frequency, GPS signal fidelity and positioning accuracy are preserved

The effects of used glue type that joınted wıth partıcalboard on the edge bondıng strength

Bu çalışmada, yaygın olarak kullanılan üç farklı tutkalın, yonga levhaların kenarına uygulanan masif çıtaların yapışma direncine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Deney örneklerinin hazırlanmasında yonga levha ve Doğu kayını (Fagus Orientalis L.) odundan yararlanılmış, yapıştırma işlemleri için ise, polivinilasetat (PVAc), klebit 303 ve poliüretan tutkalları kullanılmıştır. Deney örneklerine ASTM-D 1037 standardında belirtilen esaslara göre statik çekme yükü uygulanmıştır. Deney sonuçlarına göre, PVAc ile yapıştırılan masifler en yüksek yapışma direncini gösterirken, bunu sırasıyla klebit 303 ve poliüretan tutkalları ile yapıştırılanlar takip etmiştir. Ayrıca masif kalınlığı artışının yapışma direncinde artışa neden olduğu gözlenmiştir.In this study, the effect of commonly used three glue type, on bonding strenght of wood ledge that implemented on edge of particalboards. In preparing the specimens, particleboard and Turkish beech (Fagus Orientalis L.) were used and polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane and klebit 303 adhesives were utilized for gluing procedure. Specimens were subjected to the static tension loads according to the principles of ASTM-D 1037. According to results of the tests; edge banding woods glued with PVAc showed the highest bonding strength, followed by the bonding strength of klebit 303, polyurethane. Futhermore, increase of the thickness of the edge banding wood caused an increase in bonding strength

Some chemical phenolic content and antioxidant activity variations in different parts of grape berry

Total phenolics, total flavonoids and antiradical activity of skin, seed, peel and whole berry in 12 grape (7 cultivar, 5 wild-type) genotypes grown in Turkey were examined. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) assay. Highest amount of total phenolics were measured in the seeds of white coloured Hafızali cultivar (1694 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent) 100 g FW-1 (fresh weight)) while minimum (305 mg GAE 100 gFW-1) in the peel of same cultivar. Total flavonoids ranged from 131 to 714 mg CTE (catechin equivalent) 100 gFW-1 in all parts of grapes tested. The highest amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content were measured in the seeds of all cultivars or types and followed by skin, whole berry and pulp, respectively. Seed extracts showed higher antioxidant activity than that of other berry extracts and BHT

Weak field and slow motion limits in energy-momentum powered gravity

We explore the weak field and slow motion limits, Newtonian and Post-Newtonian limits, of the energy-momentum powered gravity (EMPG), viz., the energy-momentum squared gravity (EMSG) of the form $f(T_{\mu\nu}T^{\mu\nu})=\alpha (T_{\mu\nu}T^{\mu\nu})^{\eta}$ with $\alpha$ and $\eta$ being constants. We have shown that EMPG with $\eta\geq0$ and general relativity (GR) are not distinguishable by local tests, say, the Solar System tests; as they lead to the same gravitational potential form, PPN parameters, and geodesics for the test particles. However, within the EMPG framework, $M_{\rm ast}$, the mass of an astrophysical object inferred from astronomical observations such as planetary orbits and deflection of light, corresponds to the effective mass $M_{\rm eff}(\alpha,\eta,M)=M+M_{\rm empg}(\alpha,\eta,M)$, $M$ being the actual physical mass and $M_{\rm empg}$ being the modification due to EMPG. Accordingly, while in GR we simply have the relation $M_{\rm ast}=M$, in EMPG we have $M_{\rm ast}=M+M_{\rm empg}$. Within the framework of EMPG, if there is information about the values of $\{\alpha,\eta\}$ pair or $M$ from other independent phenomena (from cosmological observations, structure of the astrophysical object, etc.), then in principle it is possible to infer not only $M_{\rm ast}$ alone from astronomical observations, but $M$ and $M_{\rm empg}$ separately. For a proper analysis within EMPG framework, it is necessary to describe the slow motion condition (also related to the Newtonian limit approximation) by $|p_{\rm eff}/\rho_{\rm eff}|\ll1$ (where $p_{\rm eff}=p+p_{\rm empg}$ and $\rho_{\rm eff}=\rho+\rho_{\rm empg}$), whereas this condition leads to $|p/\rho|\ll1$ in GR.Comment: 12 pages, no figures and table

Effects of Cluster Thinnings on Yield and Quality Characteristics in Shiraz Grape Cultivar

Özet: Bu çalışmada, Denizlinin Güney ilçesinde yetiştirilen Shiraz üzüm çeşidine tane tutumundan hemen sonra uygulanan 4 farklı salkım seyreltmesinin (8, 16, 24 ve 32 salkım/asma) verim ve kalite özellikleri ile tanenin biyokimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, tanelerin antioksidan aktiviteleri DPPH, TEAC ve FRAP yöntemlerine göre belirlenerek karşılaştırılmıştır. En yüksek üzüm verimi (5576.70 g/asma) 32 salkım/asma uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Uygulamalar arasında istatistiki olarak salkım ağırlığı, salkım boyu ve salkım eni değerleri bakımından bir fark oluşmazken, tane ağırlığı, tane eni ve tane boyu değerleri bakımından fark oluşmuştur. En yüksek tane ağırlığı 16 salkım/asma uygulamasında (1.62 g), en düşük tane ağırlığı ise 32 salkım/asma uygulamasında (1.51 g) belirlenmiştir. En yüksek toplam fenol (285.20 mg GAE/100 g), toplam flavonoid (100.68 mg CTE/100 g) ve toplam monomerik antosiyanin (3.29 mg/g) madde miktarları 8 salkım/asma uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Uygulamalar arasında DPPH ve TEAC yöntemleri ile yapılan antioksidan aktivitesi ölçümlerinde bir fark oluşmazken, FRAP yöntemi ile yapılan ölçümlerde önemli bir farkın oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir.Abstract: In this study, effects on biochemical characteristics of berry with yield and quality characteristics of 4 different cluster thinnings (8, 16, 24 and 32 cluster/vine) applied after berry set in Shiraz grape cultivar grown in Güney town of Denizli provience were investigated. Antioxidant activities of grape berries were determined according to DPPH, TEAC and FRAP methods and compared. Highest grape yield were obtained in the application of 32 cluster per vine (5576.70 g vine-1). While there were statistically any differences among applications with regard to cluster weight, cluster length and cluster width, there were statistically different among applications with regard to berry weight, berry width and berry length. While the highest berry weight was determined in application of 16 cluster per vine (1.62 g), the lowest berry weight was determined in application of 32 cluster per vine (1.51 g). The highest total phenol (285.20 mg GAE 100 g-1), total flavonoids (100.68 mg CTE 100 g-1) and total monomeric anthocyanin (3.29 mg g-1) were obtained in the application of 8 cluster per vine. It was determined that among applications, there were no significant differences in antioxidant activities measured with DPPH and TEAC methods but there were significant differences in antioxidant activities measured with FRAP

Marker assisted selection (MAS) for downy mildew resistance in grapevines using Rpv3.1 associated markers

Powdery mildew and downy mildew are primary fungal diseases that cause significant damage in viticulture. Therefore, breeding powdery and/or downy mildew resistance is one of the priority subjects in grapevine breeding programs. This study aims to conduct early-selection by marker assisted selection (MAS) method among 869 genotypes obtained through crossbreeding 'Alphonse Lavallee' x 'Regent' cultivars using the markers (GF18-06 and GF18-08) associated with downy mildew resistance gene region Rpv3.1 to develop new grapevine cultivars resistant to downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola. A total of 869 hybrid plants which were obtained after crossing 'Alphonse Lavallee' x 'Regent' in a 3-year breeding program were used in the study. The hybrid plants were scored for the resistance level based on their sporulation intensity after artificial inoculation of P. viticola. DNA samples of the hybrid plants were amplified with GF18-06 and GF1808 markers in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for MAS. The alleles which were associated to Rpv3.1 resistance locus and the results of resistance scoring were compared, and the applicability of the markers in MAS was verified. It was determined that the GF18-08/410 bp marker can be used successfully for MAS. Gf 18-06 marker 385 bp, 390 bp and 407 bp gave false positive results in our population, respectively 8.86%, 9.02% and 37.94%. Therefore, this may limit its use for MAS.National Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [1150176]This work was supported by the National Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (grant number 1150176)

Determining Preservice Physics Teachers' Level of Knowledge about 12th Grade "Electricity and Electronic" Unit

Bu çalışmanın amacı, fizik öğretmeni adaylarının 12. sınıf "Elektrik ve Elektronik" konusundaki kavramlarla ve kazanımlarla ilgili bilgi düzeylerini araştırmaktır. Araştırma nicel bir araştırma olup, araştırmada deneysel olmayan desenlerden tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır ve 12. sınıf fizik öğretim programında yer alan kazanımlara yönelik bir başarı testi geliştirilmiştir. On sekiz çoktan seçmeli maddeden oluşan bu test, 2012-2013 eğitim yılında Atatürk Üniversitesi'nde öğrenim görmekte olan 88 fizik öğretmeni adayına uygulanmıştır. Ölçümlerin güvenirliğini test etmek amacıyla KR-20 güvenirlik katsayısı hesaplanmış ve .65 olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları, fizik öğretmeni adaylarının diyot, bobin ve kondansatör konularında bilgi düzeylerinin yetersiz olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Ayrıca, öğretmen adaylarının alternatif akım olarak bilinen değişken akım ile doğru akım arasındaki farkları kavramada zorluk çektikleri belirlenmiştir.In this study, preservice physics teachers' level of knowledge about 12th grade "electricity and electronic" unit were investigated. For this aim, an achievement test was develop based upon educational attainments which are located in 12th grade physics curriculum. This test consisted of eighteen multiplechoice questions and was implemented 88 preservice physics teacher. For testing reliability, KR-20 reliability score was calculated and found .65. As a result of study, preservice teachers have inadequate knowledge about diode, capacitor and coil topics. In addition to this, preservice teachers have difficulty in understanding difference between alternative current and direct current