243 research outputs found
Changes in Carbohydrates in Nursery-Grown Grapevine Rootstocks
The utilisation and accumulation of sugar, starch and hemicellulose were studied in nursery-grown grapevine rootstocks. For an initial period lasting about 12 weeks all three components were utilised to varying degrees by the cuttings. Subsequently, starch and hemicellulose increased in the stem (original cutting) of the plant, while sugar remained low until the onset of winter. In the shoots, hemicellulose accumulation was very marked, whereas in the roots starch was the dominant carbohydrate component
Decoherence due to elastic Rayleigh scattering
We present theoretical and experimental studies of the decoherence of
hyperfine ground-state superpositions due to elastic Rayleigh scattering of
light off-resonant with higher lying excited states. We demonstrate that under
appropriate conditions, elastic Rayleigh scattering can be the dominant source
of decoherence, contrary to previous discussions in the literature. We show
that the elastic-scattering decoherence rate of a two-level system is given by
the square of the difference between the elastic-scattering \textit{amplitudes}
for the two levels, and that for certain detunings of the light, the amplitudes
can interfere constructively even when the elastic scattering \textit{rates}
from the two levels are equal. We confirm this prediction through calculations
and measurements of the total decoherence rate for a superposition of the
valence electron spin levels in the ground state of Be in a 4.5 T
magnetic field.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Transmission line filters with harmonic parallel foster sections
Conventional wideband bandstop filters use Cauer prototypes, but become nonrealizable with Kuroda–Levy transforms for bandwidths of 150% or more. Transmission line filters with harmonic stubs have been shown to be realizable at these bandwidths, but have limited performance ranges due to the fixed positions of the transmission zeros. In this article, two structures that use shunt Foster resonators that enable the shift of the transmission zeros are described. Simulated and measured properties show that greatly improved performance can be realized while not adding to the complexity of the structurehttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1098-2760hb201
Scalable ion traps for quantum information processing
We report on the design, fabrication, and preliminary testing of a 150 zone
array built in a `surface-electrode' geometry microfabricated on a single
substrate. We demonstrate transport of atomic ions between legs of a `Y'-type
junction and measure the in-situ heating rates for the ions. The trap design
demonstrates use of a basic component design library that can be quickly
assembled to form structures optimized for a particular experiment
Cavity cooling of a nanomechanical resonator by light scattering
We present a novel method for opto-mechanical cooling of sub-wavelength sized
nanomechanical resonators. Our scheme uses a high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity of
small mode volume, within which the nanoresonator is acting as a
position-dependant perturbation by scattering. In return, the back-action
induced by the cavity affects the nanoresonator dynamics and can cool its
fluctuations. We investigate such cavity cooling by scattering for a nanorod
structure and predict that ground-state cooling is within reach.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Engineered 2D Ising interactions on a trapped-ion quantum simulator with hundreds of spins
The presence of long-range quantum spin correlations underlies a variety of
physical phenomena in condensed matter systems, potentially including
high-temperature superconductivity. However, many properties of exotic strongly
correlated spin systems (e.g., spin liquids) have proved difficult to study, in
part because calculations involving N-body entanglement become intractable for
as few as N~30 particles. Feynman divined that a quantum simulator - a
special-purpose "analog" processor built using quantum particles (qubits) -
would be inherently adept at such problems. In the context of quantum
magnetism, a number of experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of this
approach. However, simulations of quantum magnetism allowing controlled,
tunable interactions between spins localized on 2D and 3D lattices of more than
a few 10's of qubits have yet to be demonstrated, owing in part to the
technical challenge of realizing large-scale qubit arrays. Here we demonstrate
a variable-range Ising-type spin-spin interaction J_ij on a naturally occurring
2D triangular crystal lattice of hundreds of spin-1/2 particles (9Be+ ions
stored in a Penning trap), a computationally relevant scale more than an order
of magnitude larger than existing experiments. We show that a spin-dependent
optical dipole force can produce an antiferromagnetic interaction J_ij ~
1/d_ij^a, where a is tunable over 0<a<3; d_ij is the distance between spin
pairs. These power-laws correspond physically to infinite-range (a=0),
Coulomb-like (a=1), monopole-dipole (a=2) and dipole-dipole (a=3) couplings.
Experimentally, we demonstrate excellent agreement with theory for 0.05<a<1.4.
This demonstration coupled with the high spin-count, excellent quantum control
and low technical complexity of the Penning trap brings within reach simulation
of interesting and otherwise computationally intractable problems in quantum
magnetism.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures; article plus Supplementary Material
Fabrication and heating rate study of microscopic surface electrode ion traps
We report heating rate measurements in a microfabricated gold-on-sapphire
surface electrode ion trap with trapping height of approximately 240 micron.
Using the Doppler recooling method, we characterize the trap heating rates over
an extended region of the trap. The noise spectral density of the trap falls in
the range of noise spectra reported in ion traps at room temperature. We find
that during the first months of operation the heating rates increase by
approximately one order of magnitude. The increase in heating rates is largest
in the ion loading region of the trap, providing a strong hint that surface
contamination plays a major role for excessive heating rates. We discuss data
found in the literature and possible relation of anomalous heating to sources
of noise and dissipation in other systems, namely impurity atoms adsorbed on
metal surfaces and amorphous dielectrics.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure
Ultrasensitive force and displacement detection using trapped ions
The ability to detect extremely small forces is vital for a variety of
disciplines including precision spin-resonance imaging, microscopy, and tests
of fundamental physical phenomena. Current force-detection sensitivity limits
have surpassed 1 (atto ) through coupling of micro or
nanofabricated mechanical resonators to a variety of physical systems including
single-electron transistors, superconducting microwave cavities, and individual
spins. These experiments have allowed for probing studies of a variety of
phenomena, but sensitivity requirements are ever-increasing as new regimes of
physical interactions are considered. Here we show that trapped atomic ions are
exquisitely sensitive force detectors, with a measured sensitivity more than
three orders of magnitude better than existing reports. We demonstrate
detection of forces as small as 174 (yocto ), with a
sensitivity 390 using crystals of Be
ions in a Penning trap. Our technique is based on the excitation of normal
motional modes in an ion trap by externally applied electric fields, detection
via and phase-coherent Doppler velocimetry, which allows for the discrimination
of ion motion with amplitudes on the scale of nanometers. These experimental
results and extracted force-detection sensitivities in the single-ion limit
validate proposals suggesting that trapped atomic ions are capable of detecting
of forces with sensitivity approaching 1 . We anticipate that
this demonstration will be strongly motivational for the development of a new
class of deployable trapped-ion-based sensors, and will permit scientists to
access new regimes in materials science.Comment: Expanded introduction and analysis. Methods section added. Subject to
press embarg
Long-time Low-latency Quantum Memory by Dynamical Decoupling
Quantum memory is a central component for quantum information processing
devices, and will be required to provide high-fidelity storage of arbitrary
states, long storage times and small access latencies. Despite growing interest
in applying physical-layer error-suppression strategies to boost fidelities, it
has not previously been possible to meet such competing demands with a single
approach. Here we use an experimentally validated theoretical framework to
identify periodic repetition of a high-order dynamical decoupling sequence as a
systematic strategy to meet these challenges. We provide analytic
bounds-validated by numerical calculations-on the characteristics of the
relevant control sequences and show that a "stroboscopic saturation" of
coherence, or coherence plateau, can be engineered, even in the presence of
experimental imperfection. This permits high-fidelity storage for times that
can be exceptionally long, meaning that our device-independent results should
prove instrumental in producing practically useful quantum technologies.Comment: abstract and authors list fixe
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