On the Effectiveness of Demand Side Management Information Programs on Household Electricity Demand

We empirically study the effectiveness of a Demand Side Management (DSM) program for households based on customer information.

Fagordbøger: Ideal og pragmatik

No abstract

... ergo er Morlille en Steen

No abstract

Are Preferential Tariffs Utilized? Evidence from Australian Imports, 2000-9

Preferential tariff rates are often not utilized by qualified beneficiaries. Two reasons are complex rules of origin and erosion of preference margins as a result of multilateral trade liberalization. Our paper contributes to this research by providing evidence from high-quality disaggregated customs data of the utilization rate for Australia's preferential trading arrangements in the period 2000-9. A pattern of low ratios of imports receiving preferential tariff treatment to the total value of bilateral imports applies to all six of Australia's PTAs. Over half of Australian imports from New Zealand, the Pacific Island Forum economies, Thailand and Chile claimed preferential treatment in 2000, but all had lower utilization rates by 2009. This is primarily because of the increasing number of zero MFN tariff lines. Where MFN tariffs are positive, preferential tariffs are utilized and preferred trading partners pay lower customs duties. Positive utilization rates indicate that tariff preferences do have an impact, and at a minimum the exporters claiming the preferential tariff rate are better off than they would be in its absence, but by themselves utilization rates shed no light on the size of the impact on trade flows or on economic wellbeing.preferential tariffs, trade liberalization, preference erosion

Vore mænd i Havanna. Værkstedsrapport fra dansk-cubansk samarbejde om udarbejdelse af en genteknologisk ordbog

No abstract

Fagleksikografens forskellige brugergrupper med specielt henblik på beslutningstagere og disses rådgivere

The basic aim of dictionaries is to mediate relevant and correct information to intended users. Included in this objective is that the information must be easily obtainable and easily understood. This aim seems obvious but practice shows it is not. First, many books are insufficient because oftheir content ofmisinformation. Secondly, the lexicographical and linguistic reweiting is often defective. Finally, active users of dictonaries makeup only a limited proportion ofthe potential user group. In my opinion it is possible to increase the quality of the dictionaries but how to convert latent users into active users

Intracellular localization of the BCL-2 family member BOK and functional implications

The pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member BOK is widely expressed and resembles the multi-BH domain proteins BAX and BAK based on its amino acid sequence. The genomic region encoding BOK was reported to be frequently deleted in human cancer and it has therefore been hypothesized that BOK functions as a tumor suppressor. However, little is known about the molecular functions of BOK. We show that enforced expression of BOK activates the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathway in BAX/BAK-proficient cells but fails to kill cells lacking both BAX and BAK or sensitize them to cytotoxic insults. Interestingly, major portions of endogenous BOK are localized to and partially inserted into the membranes of the Golgi apparatus as well as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and associated membranes. The C-terminal transmembrane domain of BOK thereby constitutes a 'tail-anchor' specific for targeting to the Golgi and ER. Overexpression of full-length BOK causes early fragmentation of ER and Golgi compartments. A role for BOK on the Golgi apparatus and the ER is supported by an abnormal response of Bok-deficient cells to the Golgi/ER stressor brefeldin A. Based on these results, we propose that major functions of BOK are exerted at the Golgi and ER membranes and that BOK induces apoptosis in a manner dependent on BAX and BAK

2,4-Bis(diphenyl­phosphan­yl)-1,1,2,3,3,4-hexa­phenyl-1,3-diphospha-2,4-dibora­cyclo­butane tetra­hydro­furan sesqui­solvate

In the title compound, C60H50B2P4·1.5C4H8O, the diphospha­diborane mol­ecule lies on an inversion centre, whereas the disordered tetra­hydro­furan solvent mol­ecule is in a general position with a partial occupancy of 0.75. The diphosphadiborane mol­ecule consists of an ideal planar four-membered B2P2 ring with an additional phenyl and a –PPh2 group attached to each B atom

Homogeneous datasets of triple negative breast cancers enable the identification of novel prognostic and predictive signatures

Background: Current prognostic gene signatures for breast cancer mainly reflect proliferation status and have limited value in triple-negative (TNBC) cancers. The identification of prognostic signatures from TNBC cohorts was limited in the past due to small sample sizes. Methodology/Principal Findings: We assembled all currently publically available TNBC gene expression datasets generated on Affymetrix gene chips. Inter-laboratory variation was minimized by filtering methods for both samples and genes. Supervised analysis was performed to identify prognostic signatures from 394 cases which were subsequently tested on an independent validation cohort (n = 261 cases). Conclusions/Significance: Using two distinct false discovery rate thresholds, 25% and <3.5%, a larger (n = 264 probesets) and a smaller (n = 26 probesets) prognostic gene sets were identified and used as prognostic predictors. Most of these genes were positively associated with poor prognosis and correlated to metagenes for inflammation and angiogenesis. No correlation to other previously published prognostic signatures (recurrence score, genomic grade index, 70-gene signature, wound response signature, 7-gene immune response module, stroma derived prognostic predictor, and a medullary like signature) was observed. In multivariate analyses in the validation cohort the two signatures showed hazard ratios of 4.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71–9.48; P = 0.001) and 4.08 (95% CI 1.79–9.28; P = 0.001), respectively. The 10-year event-free survival was 70% for the good risk and 20% for the high risk group. The 26-gene signatures had modest predictive value (AUC = 0.588) to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, however, the combination of a B-cell metagene with the prognostic signatures increased its response predictive value. We identified a 264-gene prognostic signature for TNBC which is unrelated to previously known prognostic signatures