Determining the Activation Energy of Glucose Syrup Using the Arrhenius Equation

This experiment finds the activation energy of corn syrup using the Arrhenius equation. This was done through a simple experiment of dropping a ball into corn syrup and measuring its terminal velocity. From this, the viscosity could be derived, through the use of rearrangement of Newton’s First Law. The temperature of the corn syrup was also varied through the use of a microwave by raising it to 50 degrees Celsius. It is known that the more viscous a liquid is, the greater the activation energy for the liquid, which is essentially the energy barrier that a molecule has to overcome to travel, and thus the slower the liquid travel. Through linearization of the equation, it can be seen that graphing the inverse of temperature against the natural log of the viscosity, the equation of the slope would be equivalent to the activation energy over the universal gas constant. After conducting the experiment, it was proven that corn syrup has a very high activation energy, and thus is a very viscous liquid

Finding Activation Energy of Corn Syrup

This experiment finds the activation energy of corn syrup using the Arrhenius equation. This was done through a simple experiment of dropping a ball into corn syrup and measuring its terminal velocity. From this, the viscosity could be derived, through the use of rearrangement of Newton’s First Law. The temperature of the corn syrup was also varied through the use of a microwave by raising it to 50 degrees Celsius. It is known that the more viscous a liquid is, the greater the activation energy for the liquid, which is essentially the energy barrier that a molecule has to overcome to travel, and thus the slower the liquid travel. Through linearization of the equation, it can be seen that graphing the inverse of temperature against the natural log of the viscosity, the equation of the slope would be equivalent to the activation energy over the universal gas constant. After conducting the experiment, it was proven that corn syrup has a very high activation energy, and thus is a very viscous liquid

Study of correlation of gestational age estimation by new ballard score with inter mammary distance in new born

Background: It is important to recognise preterm babies as they have a different set of problems than term babies.Methods: Study was done over a period of 2 years.254 new-borns ranging in gestational age from 27 to 42 weeks were studied in MYH Hospital, Indore.Results: Intermammary distance and gestational age showed a positive correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.9. SGA and AGA babies had correlation coefficient of 0.95 and 0.89 respectively.Conclusions: Intermammary distance of 69.60mm can be used to differentiate preterm and term babies. This simple measurement can be easily used by peripheral health workers at remote places to differentiate between term and preterm babies

UNIVERSALITY OF SCALING: PERSPECTIVES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND PHYSICS

The presence of universal phenomena both hints towards deep underlying principles and can also serve as a tool to uncover them. Often, the scaling behavior of systems shows such universality. An example of this is artificial neural networks (ANNs), which are ubiquitously employed in artificial intelligence (AI) technology today. The performance of an ANN, measured by the loss $L$, scales with the size of the network $N$ and with the quantity of training data $D$ as simple power laws in $N$ or $D$. We explain these laws theoretically. Additionally, our theory also explains the persistence over many orders of magnitude of the scaling with model size. When both the amount of data $D$ and the model size $N$ are finite, the loss scales as $L\propto D^{-1}$ and $L\propto N^{-1/2}$. The scaling in the regime where either $N$ or $D$ is effectively infinite is more non-trivial, being tied to the intrinsic dimension $d$ of the training dataset by the simple relations $L\propto N^{-4/d}$ and $L\propto D^{-4/d}$. We test our theoretical predictions in a teacher/student framework, and on several datasets and with GPT-type language models. These measurements yield intrinsic dimensions for several image datasets and set bounds on the dimension of the English language that these were trained on. Scaling behaviors also act as a tool to probe fundamental phenomena in nature---in this case the theory of quantum gravity. We use holography to probe spacetime by using the physics on its boundary. Specifically, previous work has employed the scaling properties of operators on the boundary to construct a scalar field in the bulk. Our construction extends this procedure to allow for arbitrary choice of gravitational dressing of the field. Apart from yielding a more comprehensive understanding of the quantum properties of gravity, our construction is suitable to test the non-locality of quantum gravity

Prevalence of goitre among school going children in urban area of Dehradun

Background:Iodine is an important micro-nutrient required for human nutrition. Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs) are one of the major world-wide public health problems of today which causes wide spectrum of disabilities. It includes impairment of reproductive functions, lowering of IQ levels in school age children, goiter, deaf mutism, mental defects, weakness and paralysis of muscles as well as lesser degree of physical dysfunction.Methods:Selection of population: The school children in age group of 6-18 years from both the sexes were screened from SGRR Schools of different locations at Dehradun, after taking approval from principal and the parents.Results:The prevalence of goitre among school going children was 5%. Prevalence of goitre among female was 6.4% compare to male were 4.1%. There was significant association found between prevalence of goitre and vegetarian diet. In pre pubertal age (11-14 years) maximum (7.6%) cases of goitre were seen. A significant association of goitre with pallor was also observedConclusion:The sustained efforts in implementing the guidelines of National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme (NIDDCP) have been able to reduce the prevalence of goitre in Uttrakhand state. In spite of reduction in prevalence over years, goitre continues to be a major public health problem in the state.

A prospective study of immediate postpartum intra uterine device insertion in a tertiary level hospital

Background:In India there is an unmet need for contraception. Intrauterine device is a long acting reversible method. This study was done to determine the efficacy and safety of immediate Post-Partum Intrauterine Device (PPIUD) and to compare the outcome of PPIUD insertion after vaginal delivery and caesarean section.  Methods:A total of 113 women who underwent PPIUD insertion were followed up at 6 weeks and 6 months post-partum. Outcome in term of side effects, removal and expulsion was compared in vaginal delivery and caesarean section insertions.Results:In 61.45% women there was no complaint. Menstrual disturbances were found in 16.66% women and pelvic pain in 13.54% women. The expulsion rate was 5.20% and IUD removal was done in 13.54% women. Incidence of removal was more in vaginal insertions than in caesarean insertions and this difference was statistically significant. Continuation rate at 6 months was 81.25%.  Conclusion:Immediate postpartum IUD insertion is a safe, convenient and effective method

GREEN TECHNOLOGY MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM MOMORDICA CHARANTIA FRUIT EXTRACT AND ITS BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY

ABSTRACTObjective: The synthesis of nanoparticles from biological processes is evolving a new era of research interests in nanotechnology. Silver nanoparticlesare usually synthesized by chemicals and physical method, which are quite toxic and flammable in nature. This study deals with an environmentfriendly biosynthesis process of antibacterial silver nanoparticles using Momordica charantia fruit.Methods: AgNO3 (5 mM) was allowed to react with fruit extract of M. charantia. Biosynthesis of AgNPs was optimized by changing temperature,pH, and solvent. The silver nanoparticles so formed were characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscope (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: UV-VIS spectra show absorption peak between 420 and 430 nm. The FTIR analysis showed the alcoholic, lactam, and nitro group presentin the plant extract, which were responsible for the reduction in AgNPs. The SEM images showed the size distribution of the nanoparticles and theaverage size was found to be 50-100 nm. By DLS analysis and AFM analysis, average sizes of the silver nanoparticles were of 150 nm. The results ofthese analyses confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles were tested against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidisstrains using disc diffusion method and were found to be effective.Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles so synthesized in this study using fruit extract of M. charantia are simple, easy, and effective technique of nanoparticlesproduction.Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Momordica charantia, Optimization, Antibacterial, Atomic force microscope, Scanning electron microscopy