Proyecciones discursivas y expositivas sobre las artes visuales de Argentina en los albores de la globalización

Centrado en los años ochenta del siglo XX este artículo se ocupa del análisis de las proyecciones tanto discursivas como expositivas construidas sobre las artes plásticas argentinas en los albores de la mentada globalización. A través de un recorrido por una serie de exposiciones y textos críticos que propiciaron acalorados debates se analiza la recepción de la Transvanguardia y las tendencias neoexpresionistas en el Cono Sur. El trabajo reconstruye la trama cultural de un momento clave para la reapertura y el fortalecimiento de una red de contactos artísticos e intelectuales que en forma activa permitió desestabilizar concepciones sobre el arte argentino y latinoamericano y propiciar la elaboración de una nueva historiografía sobre América Latina al que este artículo busca contribuir.Centré sur les années 1980, cet article s’intéresse à l’analyse des discours et expositions sur les arts plastiques argentins à l’aube de la globalisation. Au travers de toute une série d’expositions et de textes critiques qui ont suscité des débats enflammés, nous analyserons la réception de la Transvanguardia et des tendances néo-expressionnistes dans le Cône sud. Ce travail cherche à restituer la trame culturelle des années postérieures à la dictature militaire, qui furent un moment-clé pour la réouverture et la consolidation d’un réseau de contacts artistiques et intellectuels. Ce processus a permis de remettre en question certaines conceptions de l’art argentin et sud-américain, favorisant l’émergence d’une nouvelle historiographie sur l’Amérique latine, à laquelle cet article cherche à contribuer.Fil: Usubiaga, Viviana Gilda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Microcefalia y virus del Zika: posible relación

[ES] El virus del Zika (ZIKV) es un virus perteneciente a la familia Flaviviridae del que se han identificado dos linajes principales (el Asiático y el Africano). Los virus de esta familia se caracterizan por presentar una envuelta esférica de aproximadamente 50nm de diámetro, con proteínas de superficie dispuestas en una simetría icosaédrica similar. Contienen un genoma lineal no segmentado de ARN monocatenario con sentido positivo (similar al ARN mensajero), compuesto de un único marco de lectura abierta a través del cual se codifica una cadena poliproteica que es dividida para generar todas las proteínas virales

Implementing the Environmental Sustainability Gap framework to monitor the environmental sustainability of nations

Countries lack resonant metrics to monitor environmental sustainability from a strong sustainability perspective. Building on the Sustainability Gap approach, which was developed in the late 1990s to address this indicator gap, this thesis formulates the Environmental Sustainability Gap (ESGAP) framework with a stronger focus on implementation. ESGAP comprises two novel indices of environmental sustainability: the Strong Environmental Sustainability Index (SESI) and the Strong Environmental Sustainability Progress Index (SESPI). SESI measures the performance of 21 natural capital indicators against science-based reference values of environmental sustainability that reflect whether the environmental functions provided by natural capital are threatened. Based on observed and desired trends, SESPI describes whether the country is making progress towards, or away environmental sustainability as defined by those environmental sustainability reference values. The analysis focuses on European countries due to good data availability. European countries perform quite poorly with SESI, which indicates that several environmental functions are threatened. Broadly speaking, European countries perform better in the functions related to the provision of natural resources and human health and welfare, but get lower scores in the functions associated with pollution and life support systems. As shown by SESPI, current trends are also insufficient to reach environmental standards by 2030, although relevant differences emerge depending on the countries and indicators. The results contrast with the generally high performance attributed to European countries in other environmental indices such as the Environmental Performance Index or the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Index. A qualitative assessment of the environmental SDG indicators suggests that the SDG indicators fail to represent strong sustainability, which can ultimately lead to misleading messages around environmental sustainability. Combined, SESI and SESPI can make the messages on environmental sustainability more digestible to relevant audiences, while complementing existing metrics, including those used in the context of the Beyond GDP literature

Time for Science-Based National Targets for Environmental Sustainability: An Assessment of Existing Metrics and the ESGAP Framework

Despite the overwhelming scientific evidence on the ongoing degradation of the environment, there is a clear gap between the urgency of the environmental crisis and the policy measures put in place to tackle it. Because of the role of metrics in environmental governance, the way environmental information is translated into metrics is of utmost relevance. In this context, we propose criteria to assesses the suitability of environmental metrics to monitor environmental sustainability at the national level. After assessing well-known environmental metrics such as the Sustainable Development Goals indicators and the Environmental Performance Index, we conclude that countries still lack robust and resonant metrics to monitor environmental sustainability. In order to bridge this metric gap, we present the Environmental Sustainability Gap (ESGAP) framework, which builds on the concepts of strong sustainability, critical natural capital, environmental functions and science-based targets. Different composite indicators are proposed as part of the ESGAP framework. Through these metrics, the framework has the potential to embed strong sustainability thinking and science-based targets in nations in which these concepts are not currently sufficiently reflected in policies

Monitoring the environmental sustainability of countries through the strong environmental sustainability index

Countries still lack adequate metrics to monitor environmental sustainability across a range of relevant environmental and resource issues. The Strong Environmental Sustainability Index (SESI), which is based on the Environmental Sustainability Gap (ESGAP) framework, is intended to fill this gap. SESI is the result of aggregating 21 indicators across different dimensions. Each of the underlying indicators is related to the functions of natural capital and normalised using science-based targets. SESI uses the geometric mean to aggregate in order to reflect the limited substitutability between the functions of natural capital. The results of the index, which is computed for 28 European countries, show that several functions of natural capital are impaired in Europe. Countries tend to perform worse in indicators related to pollution and ecosystem health, compared to indicators that describe the provision of natural resources, and human health and welfare. Because the results are sensitive to assumptions in the normalisation, weighting and aggregation processes, the relevant choices have been aligned with the theoretical underpinnings of the ESGAP framework. SESI responds to the demands of the ‘Beyond GDP’ community on the need for a single environmental sustainability metric that can complement GDP in its (mis-)use as a headline indicator for development

EXIOBASE 3: Developing a time series of detailed environmentally extended multi-regional input-output tables

Environmentally extended multiregional input-output (EE MRIO) tables have emerged as a key framework to provide a comprehensive description of the global economy and analyze its effects on the environment. Of the available EE MRIO databases, EXIOBASE stands out as a database compatible with the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) with a high sectorial detail matched with multiple social and environmental satellite accounts. In this paper, we present the latest developments realized with EXIOBASE 3—a time series of EE MRIO tables ranging from 1995 to 2011 for 44 countries (28 EU member plus 16 major economies) and five rest of the world regions. EXIOBASE 3 builds upon the previous versions of EXIOBASE by using rectangular supply-use tables (SUTs) in a 163 industry by 200 products classification as the main building blocks. In order to capture structural changes, economic developments, as repor ted by national statistical agencies, were imposed on the available, disaggregated SUTs from EXIOBASE 2. These initial estimates were further refined by incorporating detailed data on energy, agricultural production, resource extraction, and bilateral trade. EXIOBASE 3 inherits the high level of environmental stressor detail from its precursor, with further improvement in the level of detail for resource extraction. To account for the expansion of the European Union (EU), EXIOBASE 3 was developed with the full EU28 country set (including the new member state Croatia). EXIOBASE 3 provides a unique tool for analyzing the dynamics of environmental pressures of economic activities over time

Strong sustainability and the environmental dimension of the Sustainable Development Goals

Non-technical summary The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are at the core of the development agenda. Despite their wide adoption, it is still unclear the extent to which they can provide insights on environmental sustainability. The paper presents an assessment of the potential of the indicators used in the SDGs to track environmental sustainability. The results show that only a few SDG indicators describe the state of the environment, and those that do so, do not, generally, have science-based targets that describe whether environmental sustainability conditions are met. The latter aspect should be reinforced in framework that will replace the SDGs after 2030. Technical summary The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are at the core of the development agenda. Despite their wide adoption, it is still unclear whether they can be used to monitor environmental sustainability, if this is to be understood from a strong sustainability perspective. The paper presents an assessment of the adequacy of the indicator sets used by United Nations, Eurostat, OECD, and the Sustainable Development Solutions Network for strong sustainability monitoring. The results show that most environmental indicators do not have science-based environmental standards that reflect whether natural capital meets environmental sustainability conditions, thereby preventing their use as strong sustainability indicators. While meeting the SDGs would likely contribute to improving environmental performance, on their own they are not adequate to monitor progress toward it. Complementary scientifically grounded metrics are needed to track the underlying state of natural capital that provides non-substitutable functions. The strong sustainability dimension within the SDGs will need to be strengthened in post-2030 sustainable development monitoring framework. Social media summary The Sustainable Development Goals are insufficient to monitor environmental sustainability

Proyecciones discursivas y expositivas sobre las artes visuales de Argentina en los albores de la globalización

Centrado en los años ochenta del siglo XX este artículo se ocupa del análisis de las proyecciones tanto discursivas como expositivas construidas sobre las artes plásticas argentinas en los albores de la mentada globalización. A través de un recorrido por una serie de exposiciones y textos críticos que propiciaron acalorados debates se analiza la recepción de la Transvanguardia y las tendencias neoexpresionistas en el Cono Sur. El trabajo reconstruye la trama cultural de un momento clave para la reapertura y el fortalecimiento de una red de contactos artísticos e intelectuales que en forma activa permitió desestabilizar concepciones sobre el arte argentino y latinoamericano y propiciar la elaboración de una nueva historiografía sobre América Latina al que este artículo busca contribuir.Centré sur les années 1980, cet article s’intéresse à l’analyse des discours et expositions sur les arts plastiques argentins à l’aube de la globalisation. Au travers de toute une série d’expositions et de textes critiques qui ont suscité des débats enflammés, nous analyserons la réception de la Transvanguardia et des tendances néo-expressionnistes dans le Cône sud. Ce travail cherche à restituer la trame culturelle des années postérieures à la dictature militaire, qui furent un moment-clé pour la réouverture et la consolidation d’un réseau de contacts artistiques et intellectuels. Ce processus a permis de remettre en question certaines conceptions de l’art argentin et sud-américain, favorisant l’émergence d’une nouvelle historiographie sur l’Amérique latine, à laquelle cet article cherche à contribuer

Estados da arte. Postas em cena de construções históricas e imaginárias durante o Bicentenário na Argentina

El artículo propone problematizar los vínculos entre conocimiento histórico y ficción a partir del análisis de obras y acontecimientos artísticos contemporáneos basados en un capítulo fundante para la historia del arte argentino de fines de siglo XIX el duelo intelectual y físico que mantuvieron Eduardo Schiaffino y Eugenio Auzón en 1891?; la proyección de ese episodio en la primera década del siglo XXI, más precisamente en el contexto del Bicentenario de la Revolución de Mayo, con la obra teatral Apátrida. Doscientos años y unos meses del dramaturgo Rafael Spregelburd; y otras producciones de artistas contemporáneos como Marcos López, Marcela Sinclair y Santiago Villanueva. Desde una multiplicidad de nuevas miradas sobre aquel episodio remoto se establece un recorrido entre documentos, textos, imágenes, performances y sonidos con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre los estados del arte durante las celebraciones del Bicentenario de la Nación Argentina.This article aims to contribute to the current discussion about historial knowledge and art fiction links by focusing on the analysis of contemporary art works and events based on an Argentine Art History founding chapter from late 19th century—Eduardo Schiaffino and Eugenio Auzon´s intellectual and physical duel hold in 1891; by examining that episode´s effects towards the beginning of 21th century, and the duel reactualized within the context of the Bicentennial celebration of the May Revolution, through the stanging of Rafael Spregelburd´s play Doscientos años y unos meses, and also focusing on other works made by contemporary artists such as Marcos Lopez, Marcela Sinclair and Santiago Villanueva. The article sets a route through selected documents, texts, images, sounds and performances in order to reflect on the state(s) of the art(s) during the Bicentennial of Argentine Nation.O artigo problematiza as ligações entre conhecimento histórico e ficção artística a partir da análise de obras e fatos artísticos contemporâneos baseados em um capítulo fundante da história da arte argentina de finais dos oitocentos —o duelo intelectual e físico que mantiveram Eduardo Schiaffino e Eugenio Auzón em 1891—; a projetação desse episódio na primeira década do século XXI, precisamente no contexto do Bicentenário da Revolução de Maio, com a obra teatral Apátrida. Duzentos anos e uns meses do dramaturgo Rafael Spregelburd, e outras produções de artistas contemporâneos como Marcos López, Marcela Sinclair e Santiago Villanueva. Desde uma multiplicidade de novos olhares sobre tal episódio remoto estabelece-se um percurso entre documentos, textos, imagens, performances e sons, a fim de refletir sobre os estados da arte durante as comemorações do Bicentenário da nação argentina.Fil: Usubiaga, Viviana Gilda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero; Argentin

Microcefalia y virus del Zika: posible relación

[ES] El virus del Zika (ZIKV) es un virus perteneciente a la familia Flaviviridae del que se han identificado dos linajes principales (el Asiático y el Africano). Los virus de esta familia se caracterizan por presentar una envuelta esférica de aproximadamente 50nm de diámetro, con proteínas de superficie dispuestas en una simetría icosaédrica similar. Contienen un genoma lineal no segmentado de ARN monocatenario con sentido positivo (similar al ARN mensajero), compuesto de un único marco de lectura abierta a través del cual se codifica una cadena poliproteica que es dividida para generar todas las proteínas virales