The Comparison of Therapeutic Effects and the Side Effects in the Use of Various Dosages of Gabapentin on Patients with Neurophatic Pain

Introduction: The use of gabapentin for the treatment of neuropathic is found to provide a good effect of the therapeutic while the side effects still can be tolerated. This study aims to describe the difference in pain score reduction and incidence of drug side effects in patients who suffering from neuropathic pain receiving Gabapentin therapy of 300 mg in once a day, compared with the use of Gabapentin of 300 mg in twice a day. The re- search was conducted at Neurology Department of Hasanuddin University Hospital in Makassar from 19th of April to 8th of June 2016. Methods: It was a prospective cohort study using 50 samples selected with the consecutive sampling technique. The samples were divided into two groups. The first group (n=25) received Gabapentin of 300 mg in once a day; while the second group (n=25) received Gabapentin of 300 mg in twice a day. Each group was examined in terms of the pain score reduction using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the incidence of side effects using a questionnaire after the first and the second week of the medical treatment. Results: The results revealed that the use of Gabapentin of 300 mg in once a day and Gabapentin of 300 mg in twice a day for two weeks in reducing pain scores (examined based on VAS) resulted in the value of 4.12 and4.92 with P=0,000 (P<0,05). This showed a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The use of Gabapentin of 300 mg in twice a day for two weeks, as a therapy of neuropathic pain at Neurology Departement of Hasanuddin University Hospital in Makassar, resulted in a better decrease in pain scores. Meanwhile, side effects with the highest percentage found in the group using Gabapentin of 300 mg in once a day, in comparison with the group using Gabapentin 300 mg in twice a day were drowsiness and dizziness

Variabilitas Spasial Dan Temporal Suhu Permukaan Laut Dan Klorofil-a Di Perairan Selat Malaka Melalui Citra Satelit Aqua Modis

This research was meant to find out variability temperature and klorofil-a the surfaceeither of sea in spatial or temporal in Malacca strait waters in the Eastern (June - August)during the cycle of recording (2009 - 2012). Methods used is desk analysis is analyzed dataobtained without doing validation and verification in the field. The data in described based ontheories. A pattern of distribution spl very closely relation to patterns of wind that blows in anarea. To scatter spl in malacca strait waters also affected by oscillations climatology. Saji, etal ( 2003 ) in Lubis ( 2012 ) presented the sea surface temperatures in the tropics varying inspatial and temporal. The maximum value temperature the average sea level in malacca straitwaters in the eastern 2009-2012 year reaching 35 oc network. Distribution klorofil-a inmalacca strait waters in the eastern 2009-2012 year average value maximum velocity reached55,40 mg / m3

Desain Dan Implementasi Sistem Informasi Akademik (Studi Kasus Fakultas Ilmu Agama Islam Universitas Islam Indragiri)

Sistem Informasi yang berjalan di Fakultas Ilmu Agama Islam Universitas Islam Indragiri yang dalam pengolahan data akademiknya masihmenggunkan sistem komputerisasi sederhana. Walaupun sudah didukung dengankomputer tetapi hanya memanfaatkan office standar (Microsoft Office Excel danWord) sehingga memungkinkan banyak sekali kesalahan dalam pengolahan dataakademik. Dan menyebabkan pelayanan akademik yang diberikan oleh FakultasIlmu Agama Islam menjadi kurang efisien, serta mengakibatkan kesulitan dalampencarian data dan menyita waktu relatif lama dalam pembuatan laporan. Untukmembantu dalam menyelesaikan masalah tersebut perlu adanya suatu sisteminformasi akademik yang baru agar setiap pekerjaan yang menyangkut pengolahandatanya dapat dikurangi tingkat kesalahannya serta dapat memberikan pelayananyang memuaskan terhadap para pengguna sistem. Dalam perancangan sisteminformasi akademik ini digambarkan ke dalam bentuk diagram UML (UnifiedModelling Language)

Effect of Environmental Parameters to Purse Seine Catches in Bali Strait

This study was conducted in the Bali strait held from 2 to 16 April 2014 aimed to study the effect of environmental parameters on purse seine catches in the Bali strait such as temperature, salinity, current speed, depth, and pH , and the type of fish caught in the waters of the Bali strait. The method used in this research is the method of experimental fishing that by measuring and observing directly the environmental parameters in which it operates Purse Seine. The data collected in this study were: temperature, salinity, current speed, depth, and pH, and the type of fish caught. The catch and the measurement of these parameters are collected and then tabulated into a table and analyzed.The observation of environmental parameters during the study is the temperature range between 26-280 C, salinity ranges between 30-33 0/00, currents ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 m/s, water depths ranging from 64-78 m , and the pH of the water ranges from 7 - 8. The type of fish that were caught at Bali Strait is Sarden (Sardinella lemuru), mackerel scad (Decapterus mackarellus), and swordfish (Euthynnuss affinis)

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic helminths among school-aged children from two selected primary schools in Mubi-north L.G.A., Adamawa State, Nigeria.

Infections involving parasitic helminths constitute a major health challenge especially as it affects children from rural and sub-urban communities of developing countries. It is also reported to be an influential cause of morbidity in children of school age who harbour the peak burden and the damaging effect of the worm invasion. Objectives: This was a cross-sectional institutional-based study aimed at investigating the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic helminths from two selected primary schools in Mubi-North LGA, Adamawa State. Methodology: Faecal samples were collected from 150 pupils of Staff Primary School, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, and Mubi I Primary School Lokuwa and were examined for eggs/larvae of intestinal helminths using direct smear and formal ether concentration methods. Results: The results showed an overall prevalence of 22.0% consisting of four species of helminthic parasites which includes Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale, Taenia solium, and Schistosoma mansoni. Staff Primary School had the highest occurrence of S. mansoni (5.3%), while Mubi I Primary School had the highest occurrence of A. duodenale (10.7%), A. lumbricoides(8.0%), and T. solium (5.3%). On the overall, Ancylostoma duodenale (10.0%) was the most predominant parasite, while the least was T. solium (3.3%). The result of the odd ratio and chi-square (OR=1.263, CI=0.582-2.742, P=0.554) showed that pupils in Mubi I Primary School are 1.263 times more likely to be infected with gastrointestinal helminths than pupils of Staff Primary School, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, but with no statistical difference. The relationship between gender and infection with gastrointestinal helminthic parasites (OR =1.017, 95% CI = 0.456-2.269, P=0.967) showed that females stand a higher chance of being infected with gastrointestinal helminths than their male counterparts, but the difference is not significant. The highest prevalence of A. lumbricoides and S. mansoni was observed among males, while the highest prevalence of Ancylostoma duodenale and T. Solium was observed among females. The age group 8-10 years had the highest prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites, but with no statistical difference from other age brackets (P=0.514). Conclusion: Despite low prevalence, there is, the need for urgent development of high-quality preventive and control measures that is compliant with the endemic or highly prevalent communities

The Role of Housefly (Musca Domestica) in Mechanical Transmission of Intestinal Parasites in Maiduguri Metropolis, North Eastern Nigeria.

Housefly is the best known and most widely distributed insects accounting for 90% of all flies in human habitation. A study was undertaken to determine the role of housefly (Musca domestica) in the transmission of human intestinal parasites in Maiduguri metropolis. A total of 1151 Houseflies were collected using insect sweep net, from four different breeding sites and were examined for human intestinal parasites using Formol-saline concentration techniques. The highest fly abundance recorded was 453 (39%) while the least recorded was 135 (12%) houseflies. Four intestinal parasites were isolated from fly external body with the following frequency of infection in their external surfaces respectively; Ascaris lumbricoides 22(2%), Hookworm 21(1.8%), Trichuris trichiura 3(0.3%), Hymenolepis nana 1(0.09%) and the transmission rate from four sampling sites was (0.8%) Abattoir, (2.0%) open defecation area, (1.3%) Maiduguri main market and (1.6%). Housefly was found to be a potential mechanical transmitter of parasitic infection and significantly contribute to the spread of food borne parasitic diseases, since this research detected the presence of four gastrointestinal parasites in flies’ exoskeleton and therefore its role in disease transmission cannot be over emphasized. Keywords: Housefly, Intestinal parasites, Maiduguri, Mechanical transmission, Nigeri

A Comparative Study on Bias Regression Methods in the Presence of Multicollinearity Based on Gamma and Chi Square Distributions

The aim of this study is to compare some regression methods in the presence of multicollinearity problem. This problem makes the estimated regression coefficients by least squares method to be conditional upon the correlated predictor variables in the model. It is also a condition in a set of regression data that have two or more regressors which are redundant and have the same information. Therefore, some regression methods that handle with multicollinearity such as partial least square regression (PLSR), ridge regression (RR) and lasso regression (LR) had reported. In this paper, the methods were compared using simulated data that follows gamma and chi square distributions with P=4 and 10, and n=60 and 90. All results were compared with each other through Mean Square Log Error (MSLE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and R2 of their estimated values for different methods. The results show that when P=4 and n=60 RR is better methods with gamma distribution, but with chi square distribution PLRS is better methods. Also, when P=4 and n=90, RR shows better results with gamma distribution but with chi square distribution all methods have equal predictive ability. However, at P=10 and n=60 RR performed better with both gamma and chi square distributions while RR shows better results at both gamma and chi square distributions when P=10 and n=90. Keywords: Multicollinearity, Partial Least Square Regression, Ridge Regression, Principal Component Regressio

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and phytochemical composition of some fractions of methanol stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis

The aim of this study was to determine the active phytochemical(s) most probably responsible for microbial inhibitions, following a bioassay guided protocol. Column chromatographic fractions (AG) obtained from n-Butanol partitioned portion of stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis were analyzed for phytochemical composition. These were subjected to antimicrobial activity tests on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. Phytochemical screening conducted on the column fraction E revealed the presence of tannins, free anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, and flavonoids. The anti-microbial test results from fractions A, B, F and G, obtained showed no inhibition against most of the micro-organisms tested, while fractions C, D and E showed significant (P&lt;0.05) activities with diameters of inhibition zone of inhibition ranging from 15.00±1.00 mm to 13.00±6.67 mm against Streptococcus pyogenes at all the concentrations tested (50, 12.5, 6.25 mg/ml equivalent to 3, 1.5 and 0.75 mg/disc). The column fraction E showed the highest inhibition zones with broader concentration dependent pattern with MIC at 12.5 mg/ml. The findings from this study showed the presence of bio-active components against Streptococcus pyogenes with relative higher potency in fraction E. Based on this findings, it can be surmised that Fraction E with significant dose-dependent activity is expected to revealed a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent and thus recommended for further purification stages towards compound(s) isolation of a novel antimicrobial agent.Keywords: Antimicrobial, Diospyros mespiliformis, Phytochemical, Potency, Stem Bar