PEMBERDAYAAN PERANGKAT DESA SAWAKONG DAN KADER-KADER DUSUN DALAM MEMANFAATKAN DIGITALISASI PENGAMBILAN AUDIO VISUAL BERBASIS HANDPHONE SEBAGAI SARANA EDUKASI TERKAIT INFORMASI BAGI MASYARAKAT GUNA MENGURANGI PERSEBARAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

PEMBERDAYAAN PERANGKAT DESA SAWAKONG DAN KADER-KADER DUSUN DALAM MEMANFAATKAN DIGITALISASI PENGAMBILAN AUDIO VISUAL BERBASIS HANDPHONE SEBAGAI SARANA EDUKASI TERKAIT INFORMASI BAGI MASYARAKAT GUNA MENGURANGI PERSEBARAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-1

Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Calotropis Procera Stem Bark Extracts

Communication in Physical Sciences 2020, 5(3): 233 Authors: Abdullahi Usman, Ruth O. Onore, Osebuohien A. Oforghor, Jibrin Mohammed, and Nasiru L. Usman Received 19 May 2020/Accepted 29 May 2020 In continuation of the need to search for phytochemicals in parts of some rare and native plants of Nigeria origin. This study was designed to carry out phytochemical screening, antioxidant properties and determination of total phenolics and flavonoid contents in Calotropis procera Stem. The phytochemical screening of stem bark of C. procera using aqueous and methanol extracts revealed the presence of tannins, phenols and flavonoid. The aqueous extract was also found to contain saponins while methanol extract also has steroids. Steroids was the only metabolite present in hexane extract. The anti-oxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of aqueous and methanolic extracts of stem bark of C. procera were evaluated by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride colorimetric assays. From the results obtained, the methanolic extract was observed to have demonstrated a significant concentration of phenolic (81.65±0.92 mg GAE/g), and flavonoid (46.08±0.71 mg RE/g) than the aqueous extract (66.07±0.43 mg GAE/g, 31.34±0.39 mg RE/g). The aqueous and methanol extracts showed maximum activities of 28.16±0.64% and 81.65±0.71% at 1 mg/ml respectively. However, the ascorbic acid exhibited 83.12±1.02% in the DPPH assay. The results of the present study, shows that both aqueous and methanolic extracts could serve as a valuable source of natural antioxidants

Valley filtering and spatial maps of coupling between silicon donors and quantum dots

Exchange coupling is a key ingredient for spin-based quantum technologies since it can be used to entangle spin qubits and create logical spin qubits. However, the influence of the electronic valley degree of freedom in silicon on exchange interactions is presently the subject of important open questions. Here we investigate the influence of valleys on exchange in a coupled donor/quantum dot system, a basic building block of recently proposed schemes for robust quantum information processing. Using a scanning tunneling microscope tip to position the quantum dot with sub-nm precision, we find a near monotonic exchange characteristic where lattice-aperiodic modulations associated with valley degrees of freedom comprise less than 2~\% of exchange. From this we conclude that intravalley tunneling processes that preserve the donor's $\pm x$ and $\pm y$ valley index are filtered out of the interaction with the $\pm z$ valley quantum dot, and that the $\pm x$ and $\pm y$ intervalley processes where the electron valley index changes are weak. Complemented by tight-binding calculations of exchange versus donor depth, the demonstrated electrostatic tunability of donor/QD exchange can be used to compensate the remaining intravalley $\pm z$ oscillations to realise uniform interactions in an array of highly coherent donor spins.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 6 pages Supplemental Materia

PREDICTING STUDENTS«¤?? GRADE SCORES USING TRAINING FUNCTIONS OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

The observed poor quality of graduates of some Nigerian Universities in recent times has been traced to non-availability of adequate mechanism. This mechanism is expected to assist the policy maker project into the future performance of students, in order to discover at the early stage, students who have no tendency of doing well in school. This study focuses on the use of artificial neural network (ANN) model for predicting students«¤?? academic performance in a University System, based on the previous datasets. The domain used in the study consists of sixty (60) students in the Department of Computer and Information Science, Tai Solarin University of Education in Ogun State, who have completed four academic sessions from the university. The codes were written and executed using MATLAB format. The students«¤?? CGPA from first year through their third year were used as the inputs to train the ANN models constructed using nntool and the Final Grades (CGPA) served as a target output. The output predicted by the networks is expressed in-line with the current grading system of the case study. CGPA values simulated by the network are compared with the actual final CGPA to determine the efficacy of each of the three feed-forward neural networks used. Test data evaluations showed that the ANN model is able to predict correctly, the final grade of students with 91.7% accuracy.ª¤

PREDICTING STUDENTS«¤?? ENROLLMENT USING GENERALIZED FEED-FORWARD NEURAL NETWORK

An important obligation of educational planning is the projection of students«¤?? enrollment which forms the basis for many of the investment decisions. Enrollment projection provides information for decision making and budget planning hence, it is important to the development of higher education. As many factors have impacts on the enrollment number, and for the above reasons, students«¤?? population and enrollment number should be considered as a chaotic system. In this research, a Generalized Feed-Forward Neural Network (GFFNN) for students«¤?? enrollment prediction was proposed. The architecture of the proposed model was in-line with eight steps involved in developing a neural network model for predicting a chaotic system. The data used was obtained from Academic Planning and Quality Control Unit of Tai Solarin University of Education, Ogun State Nigeria. The results from the study showed that the mean absolute percent error of GFFNN has an average of 0.0101% unlike linear regression and autoregression models that were compared with it, with an average of 0.0570% and 0.0725% respectively. The proposed methodology is expected to assist the school management to adequately plan for the future needs of the students in the provision of facilities.ª¤

Necrotic enteritis and its management in 13-week old commercial pullets in Katsina, Nigeria

Necrotic enteritis is rarely reported because it is often misdiagnosed as coccidiosis due to similarity in clinical and pathological features. A field outbreak of necrotic enteritis in a flock of 13 weeks old 4,500 commercial pullets was investigated, the onset of the disease, morbidity and mortality rates were recorded. Post mortem examinations were conducted and gross lesions were documented. Tissues were collected and fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin and processed for histopathological examinations. Clinical signs observed were ruffled feathers, weakness, somnolence, loss of weight and diarrhoea; while the gross lesions observed were emaciated carcasses, lean abdominal fat, enlarged, pale and haemorrhagic liver; enlarged, mottled and congested spleen; mucus and diphtheritic membrane on the jejunal mucosa and enlarged kidneys. The histopathological findings of the intestine were diffused necrotic epithelial cells with marked mononuclear cells infiltration in the mucosa with severe oedema fluid. The necrotic enteritis was diagnosed based on clinical signs, pathology as well as isolation and identification of Clostridium perfringes. Triplesulfa® (sulfadimidine sodium, sulfadiazine sodium and sulfamerazine sodium); Tridox® L.A (20% Oxytetracycline long acting) and Enterocillin® (Amoxycillintrihydrate and Colistin sulphate) were ineffective, while copper sulphate at 1g/5L of drinking water was found to be effective for the treatment of the disease. The haematological values indicated lymphocytosis due to damage of the tissue caused by C. perfringes and the toxins produced. Keywords: Necrotic enteritis, Commercial pullets, Copper sulphate, Clostridium perfringen

Bioactive metabolites in improved cowpea seeds

The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) has developed some pest and disease resistant cowpeas. From these the seeds of 8 cowpea cultivars were extracted with ethanol, and partitioned into chloroform and water-soluble fractions, the water-soluble fraction was further extracted with ethyl acetate. Residues from ethanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fractions for each of the 8 cowpea cultivars were screened against brine shrimp larvae. The seed extracts of cowpea cultivars IT93K – 596 – 9 – 12, IT90K – 277 – 2 and IT93K – 452 – 1 were found to be most active, indicating that they contain cytotoxic compound(s).African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (6), pp. 513-516, 200