Method of determination of the mass composition of ring current ions

A method for individual registration of protons, and helium and oxygen ions, with energies E for a charge on the order of 100 kev/q in the ring currents of the Earth's magnetosphere was examined. The method is based on the various specific losses in energy by these ions in matter. The ion current, selected according to E/q, is passed through a solid target, after which identification of the masses is carried out, based on the energy losses in the possibly to reliably divide the flows of protons, and helium and oxygen ions

A description of a system of programs for mathematically processing on unified series (YeS) computers photographic images of the Earth taken from spacecraft

A description of a batch of programs for the YeS-1040 computer combined into an automated system for processing photo (and video) images of the Earth's surface, taken from spacecraft, is presented. Individual programs with the detailed discussion of the algorithmic and programmatic facilities needed by the user are presented. The basic principles for assembling the system, and the control programs are included. The exchange format within whose framework the cataloging of any programs recommended for the system of processing will be activated in the future is displayed

Comparison of Image Restoration Methods for Lunar Epithermal Neutron Emission Mapping

Orbital measurements of neutrons by the Lunar Exploring Neutron Detector (LEND) onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter are being used to quantify the spatial distribution of near surface hydrogen (H). Inferred H concentration maps have low signal-to-noise (SN) and image restoration (IR) techniques are being studied to enhance results. A single-blind. two-phase study is described in which four teams of researchers independently developed image restoration techniques optimized for LEND data. Synthetic lunar epithermal neutron emission maps were derived from LEND simulations. These data were used as ground truth to determine the relative quantitative performance of the IR methods vs. a default denoising (smoothing) technique. We review and used factors influencing orbital remote sensing of neutrons emitted from the lunar surface to develop a database of synthetic "true" maps for performance evaluation. A prior independent training phase was implemented for each technique to assure methods were optimized before the blind trial. Method performance was determined using several regional root-mean-square error metrics specific to epithermal signals of interest. Results indicate unbiased IR methods realize only small signal gains in most of the tested metrics. This suggests other physically based modeling assumptions are required to produce appreciable signal gains in similar low SN IR applications

A New Mechanism for the Alpha to Omega Martensitic Transformation in Pure Titanium

We propose a new direct mechanism for the pressure driven alpha to omega martensitic transformation in pure titanium. A systematic algorithm enumerates all possible mechanisms whose energy barriers are evaluated. A new, homogeneous mechanism emerges with a barrier at least four times lower than other mechanisms. This mechanism remains favorable in a simple nucleation model.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

ФОТОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛИ В СИСТЕМЕ СО СПЕКТРАЛЬНЫМ РАСЩЕПЛЕНИЕМСОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

This paper presents results on the simulation of photo converters in a spectral splitting system where solar radiation is separated into three spectral ranges (∆λ1<500 nm, ∆λ2 = 500−725 nm and ∆λ3>725 nm) by means of dichroic filters and then converted to electrical energy by photoconverters based on InGaN/GaN, GaAs/AlGaAs single−junction heterostructures and monocrystalline silicon c−Si. Special attention is paid to the absorption spectrum spreading due to more efficient conversion of the ultraviolet part of the spectrum. The total efficiency of the system varies from 21% to 37% depending on the design of heterostructures.Представлены результаты моделирования фотоэлектрических преобразователей в системе со спектральным расщеплением солнечной энергии, в которой солнечное излучение разделяется с помощью дихроичных фильтров на три спектральных диапазона (∆λ1 < 500 нм, ∆λ2 = 500÷725 нм, ∆λ3 > 725 нм) и затем преобразуется в электроэнергию фотоэлектрическими преобразователями на основе однопереходных гетероструктур InGaN/GaN, GaAs/AlGaAs и монокристаллического кремния c−Si. Особое внимание уделено исследованию расширения спектрального диапазона поглощения системы за счет более эффективного преобразования ультрафиолетовой части спектра. Суммарный КПД системы на всем спектре варьируется от 21 до 37 % в зависимости от дизайна гетероструктур однопереходных фотоэлектрических пре-образователей и вариантов оптических систем

Tactics of surgical treatment for thoracic and lumbar spinal injuries

The analysis of results of surgical treatment of 154 patients with a vertebral and spinal trauma of chest and lumbar departments of a backbone aged from 16 till 75 years is carried out. All patients were operated in Bryansk city hospital N 1. The volume and sequence of surgeries, and existence were defined with the combined damages, character of an injury of a backbone and a spinal cord or absence free part bone bodies of the injured vertebra compressing a spinal cord defined different accesses on a backbone. So, surgeries at 125 (81,2 %) patients were carried out from one back access, at 23 (14,9 %) patients - to the combined back and lobbies and at 6 (3,9 %) patients - front and back access. In all cases for fixing of a spine implants “Sintez” firm (St. Petersburg) were used. Results of treatment were estimated on neurologic dynamics, restoration of an axis of a backbone, a gleam of the vertebral channel and restoration possibility of a support of a backbone. Good results of treatment are received at 87 (56,5 %), satisfactory - at 55 (35,7 %) and unsatisfactory - at 12 (7,8 %) patients