Analysis of SPOT- 5 data for mapping turbidity level of River Klang, Peninsular Malaysia.

Water bodies in urban area are considered important ecological and sociological zones. Protection and management of urban water bodies such as lakes and rivers are a primary objective to related agencies such as Department of Environment Malaysia and Municipal Council, where sediment and other debris from uncontrolled sewage system are affected water quality and reduced the function of water bodies. The traditional measurement of water quality requires in situ sampling, which is relatively costly and time–consuming effort. Due to these impediments, it is not impractical to cover the whole water bodies. Therefore, it would be advantageous if we able to detect and monitor water quality level at large coverage of water bodies with minimal field measurement. The application of remote sensing in water quality control would provide resources managers’ with tools to monitor and maintain water bodies in a well-timed and cost-effective manner. The aims of this study were two folds: to map water turbidity and classify water turbidity level on SPOT 5 data based on Department of Environment classification index. A spectral reflectance of remote sensing was obtained SPOT 5 imagery for river surface analyses. By referring to the in-situ measurements of River Klang collected in September 13, 2005 at three permanent stations, which were Jambatan Pelabuhan Utara, Jambatan Bandar Kelang and Jambatan Cannaught Kelang, aid with reflectance data from SPOT 5 data imagery of August 16, 2005, a spectral indicators for the above mentioned water quality parameter were analysed. Turbidity concentration levels were quantified using band 3 [NIR] (0.79 - 0.89 μm), which showed a linear relationship with in situ measurement. From spectral reflectance analysis, the best single band to represent water turbidity differences was Band 3 Result from the remote sensing analysis generates a map of water turbidity level into three classes that were high (65 – 68 DN Value), moderate (58 – 63 DN Value) and low turbidity (51 – 57 DN Value). The causes of water turbidity were due to sediment concentration caused by human activities and high development area. However, the use of higher resolution remote sensing to assess the water turbidity precisely and timely is recommended in future research

Use of remote sensing and GIS in monitoring water quality.

The use of remote sensing and GIS in water monitoring and management has been long recognized. This paper however discusses the application of remote sensing and GIS specifically in monitoring water quality parameter such as suspended matter, phytoplankton, turbidity, and dissolved organic matter. In fact the capability of this technology offers great tools of how the water quality monitoring and managing can be operationalised in this country. Potential application and management is identified in promoting concept of sustainable water resource management. In conclusion remote sensing and GIS technologies coupled with computer modelling are useful tools in providing a solution for future water resources planning and management to government especially in formulating policy related to water quality

Performance of intrinsic and soil line-based vegetation indices to mangrove mapping in Malaysia.

The use of vegetation indices of remote sensing data in vegetation mapping has been long recognised. However, the accuracy of mapping through the use of vegetation indices model has limitations, and has so far not been investigated. This study analysed the performance of the several intrinsic-based vegetation indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index-NDVI and Ratio Vegetation Index- RVI) and soil line-based vegetation indices (Perpendicular Vegetation Index-PVI, Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index-SAVI and Modified Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index-MSAVI) for mangrove mapping in Kelantan Delta, Malaysia. Landsat TM was used as a primary data set to derive mangrove vegetation class from five vegetation indices model. A total of five mangrove classes consisting of Avicennia-Sonneratia, Avicennia, Acanthus-Sonneratia, Mixed-Acrostichum and Mixed Sonneratia with accuracy 72.67% were determined from unsupervised classification. Then the models were applied on classified image, resulting in mangrove classes which were mapped into three and four classes, respectively. The performance of each VI’s was analysed in accuracy assessment. The accuracy assessment of vegetation indices were ranged from 69.17% to 79.14%. The results revealed that the SAVI was the better performance discriminate mangrove class amongst the four classes compared to others indices with accuracy 79.14%. It might be due to sensitiveness of SAVI model in discriminating the full range of vegetation covers in muddy area. The capability of Landsat TM in mapping mangrove in this study using VI’s models showed the better result, However, the performance of VI’s need to be further investigated for specific use of mangrove resources. This is important where accurate information on mangrove biodiversity status in all habitat level is needed for conservation and monitoring towards achieving sustainable development to the country

Design Equation: A Novel Approach to Heteropolymer Design

A novel approach to heteropolymer design is proposed. It is based on the criterion by Kurosky and Deutsch, with which the probability of a target conformation in a conformation space is maximized at low but finite temperature. The key feature of the proposed approach is the use of soft spins (fuzzy monomers) that leads to a design equation, which is an analog of the Boltzmann machine learning equation in the design problem. We implement an algorithm based on the design equation for the generalized HP model on the 3x3x3 cubic lattice and check its performance.Comment: 7 pages, 3 tables, 1 figures, uses jpsj.sty, jpsjbs1.sty, epsf.sty, Submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jp

Kaplan Meier's Analysis of Clinical Improvement Of Defecation Frequency In Pediatrics Patient With Diarrhea That Given Vitamin D As Adjuvant Therapy

Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 years after pneumonia with a mortality prevalence of 8%. Diarrhea is a digestive disease with signs of bowel movements with a sudden consistency of loose stools 3 times or more in 24 hours, mostly caused by microorganisms (bacteria and viruses). The cure rate for diarrhea after receiving fluid replacement therapy and antibiotics for diarrhea caused by bacteria is quite high, but the mortality rate due to diarrhea is still high, therefore there needs to be an effort to add therapy to improve patient clinical outcomes. Vitamin D is known to play a role in the body's defense function, both in natural and adaptive immunity and plays a role in the body's defense in cases of infections, allergies, and autoimmunity. This study is an experimental double blind randomized clinical trial which was analyzed using Kaplan Meier. The research subjects were children aged 6 months to 18 years who were divided into two groups, namely the treatment group (n = 35) and the control group (n = 35). The treatment group received vitamin D and for the control group received a placebo. The data taken includes the results of the frequency of defecation of patients. The results of this study indicate that vitamin D is effective in accelerating the reduction in the frequency of defecation in children with diarrhea.  Keywords: Diarrhea, Vitamin D, Defecation, Kaplan Meie

Analysis of spectral vegetation indices related to soil-Line for mapping mangrove forests using satellite imagery.

The study investigates the variation of spectral vegetation indices related to soil-line typically found in mangrove forest. This study carried out in the Kelantan Delta, Peninsular Malaysia by using soil-line based vegetation indices such as Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI), Soil-adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Optimized Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (OSAVI), Transformed Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (TSAVI) and Modified Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI). Landsat TM image was used to identify/classify mangrove areas within the study area. Soil-line based VI‟s which includes soil slope, intercept and parameter were introduced in mangrove mapping in order to remove the soil background for example humus, root and rock which can alter the vegetation spectral. A total of five mangrove classes were mapped out using unsupervised classification technique namely Avicennia-Sonneratia, Avicennia, Acanthus-Sonneratia, Mixed Acrostichum and Mixed Sonneratia. Avicennia-Sonneratia was the dominant mangrove type found in Kelantan Delta. The accuracy of mapping using five indices was ranges from 70% to 79%, respectively. Results indicate that SAVI was the best indices for mangrove mapping compared to other indices with accuracy of 79% and able to determine four mangrove classes. Based on the results soil influences in partially vegetated cover and SAVI shown the constant and sensitive correspond to spectral in the full range of vegetation covers

Survival Analisis Suhu Tubuh pada Pasien Diare yang Diberikan Vitamin D

Diarrhea is a disease that attacks the digestive system, and most caused by microorganisms (bacteria and viruses) Diarrhea is still the second largest cause of death in the world after pneumonia and is still a public health problem in developing countries like Indonesia. Vitamin D is a potential mediator in regulating the immune system to become the body's defense against infection. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of vitamin D based on body temperature parameters. The study was conducted using a double-blind randomized clinical trial experimental research design, in which researchers conducted clinical trials in the control group (placebo) and there was a comparison group (vitamin D adjuvant). Vitamin D provides a better chance of survival as well as a better chance of a decrease in body temperature compared to patients who do not get vitamin D therapy as an adjuvant (additional). Significant results occurred on days 3, 5 and 6

Similarity Check: survival analisis suhu tubuh pada pasien diare yang diberikan vitamin D

Diare merupakan penyakit yang menyerang sistem pencernaan, dan paling banyak disebabkan oleh mikroornanisme (bakteri dan virus) Diare masih menjadi penyebab kematian terbesar kedua di dunia setelah pneumonia dan masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di negara berkembang seperti di Indonesia. Vitamin D merupakan mediator potensial dalam meregulasi sistem imun untuk menjadi pertahanan tubuh terhadap infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas vitamin D berdasarkan parameter suhu tubuh. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain penelitian eksperimental double-blind randomized clinical trial, dimana peneliti melakukan uji klinis pada kelompok kontrol (plasebo) dan terdapat kelompok pembanding (adjuvant vitamin D). Vitamin D memberikan peluang tahan hidup yang lebih serta peluang penurunan suhu tubuh yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pasien yang tidak mendapatkan terapi vitamin D sebagai adjuvant (tambahan). Hasil yang signifikan terjadi pada hari ke 3, ke 5 dan ke 6. Kata Kunci: Diare, Vitamin D, Dema

John Bundle / Muhamad Syafizan Syafiq... [et al.]

We are establishing a store called “John Bundle” intend to start our business. We are selling variety of apparel products. They are categorized as clothing, caps, shoes, belts and bags. Each category we sort by grade. Most category have A and B grade but there is a C grade product. Those products also come in varies material, so our costumer can choose to their personal choice. The price that we charge depends on the category and type of material. Material like leather will cost a lot more than cotton. We do a price survey on different store around our expected location and analyze it. Then, we do our pricing according to those survey, other factors also been considered when we do pricing. All that, so we can compete with our competitors and take advantage of their weakness. We believe that our products will capture people hearts and penetrate the market share soon and later increase our share. This business venture has been established on 22 December 2017 and we only operating with all four of us as a start. We believe that all four of us can cover all the work for now as we know each other capability. Maybe we will need employees to fill positions like salesman, driver, accountant assistant and cashier. We will be operating at PT 536, Jalan Jambatan Sultan Yahya Petra, Seksyen 17, Kampung Sireh 15050 Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Our competitors are AEON mall, Tesco supermarket and Segark Fashion which located near our store. Their strengths are highly-known for their high- quality products and experienced staff, also they have been established for a long time. The counterpart, their weaknesses are quite expensive products, have limited space and low variety of products. We intend to introduce our product to our costumer by first, product strategy which are product brand, quality and labelling. Second, price strategy is based on cost and competition. There are factors that affect our pricing such as economic condition, government regulation and consumer group. Third, promotion strategy basically has three ways which are by social media (Facebook and Instagram), printed media (business card and banners)

PEMODELAN REGRESI SPASIAL DEPENDENSI PADA TINGKAT PARTISIASI ANGKATAN KERJA DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2020

This study discusses the regression modeling with spatial dependence to determine the factors affecting the labor force participation rate in Indonesia 2020. The spatial regression models used in this study are spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR) and Spatial Error Model (SEM), The finding concludes that the SAR model is better used in spatial modeling. At the same time, provincial minimum wage, the average length of school or educational level, and population are factors that affect the labor force participation rate in Indonesia 2020