Prawne i instytucjonalne regulacje dotyczące zwalczania chorób zakaźnych w początkach II Rzeczypospolitej (listopad 1918 – lipiec 1919)

The article presents the organization of central administrative bodies overseeing the fight against infectious diseases and counteracting epidemics in the period from XI 1918 to VII 1919, followed by the process of creating normative acts and internal regulations (e.g., those issued by the Ministry of Public Health) and other legal documents, in the broader perspective of the health policy pursued by the cabinets of Jędrzej Moraczewski and Ignacy J. Paderewski. The legal acts and regulations adopted at the time, despite the shortcomings and gaps they contained, closed the first stage of the creation of institutional and legal regulations for the control of infectious diseases in the Second Republic.  Artykuł przedstawia organizację organów administracji centralnej nadzorującej walkę z chorobami zakaźnymi i przeciwdziałającej epidemii w okresie od XI 1918 r. do VII 1919 r., następnie proces tworzenia aktów normatywnych i regulaminów wewnętrznych (np. wydawanych przez Ministerstwo Zdrowia Publicznego) oraz innych dokumentów prawnych, w szerszej perspektywie polityki zdrowotnej prowadzonej przez gabinety Jędrzeja Moraczewskiego i Ignacego J. Paderewskiego. Przyjęte wówczas akty prawne i przepisy prawne pomimo mankamentów i luk jakie zawierały zamykały pierwszy etap tworzenia  regulacji instytucjonalno – prawnych dotyczących zwalczania chorób zakaźnych w II Rzeczypospolitej.   &nbsp

Microfungi of the Tatra Mts. 6. Fungus-like organisms: Albuginales, Peronosporales and Pythiales

A list and the distribution of Oomycota species in the Tatra Mts (Western Carpathian Mts) are presented. Revised herbarium vouchers and literature data were used for analysis. Thirty two species of oomycetes on fifty seven plant species were noted in the area, including two species of the order Albuginales (genera: Albugo and Pustula, on nine plant species), 29 species of the order Peronosporales (genera: Bremia, Hyaloperonospora, Peronospora and Plasmopara, on 49 plant species), and one species of the order Pythiales (genus: Myzocytium, on one species of algae). Twenty nine species were collected on the Polish side of the Tatra Mts and ten species were collected on the Slovak side. The oomycetes were collected at 185 localities

Koncepcja zdrowia i jego ochrony w świetle literatury przedmiotu = Health concept and its protections in the light of subject literature

Kozłowska Ewelina, Marzec Agnieszka, Kalinowski Paweł, Bojakowska Urszula. Koncepcja zdrowia i jego ochrony w świetle literatury przedmiotu = Health concept and its protections in the light of subject literature. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(9):575-585. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI 1http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.155048http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3883    The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 05.08.2016. Revised 25.08.2016. Accepted: 21.09.2016.   Koncepcja zdrowia i jego ochronyw świetle literatury przedmiotu Health concept and its protections in the light of subject literature Ewelina Kozłowska1, Agnieszka Marzec2, Paweł Kalinowski1, Urszula Bojakowska1 1Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 2Zakład Dietetyki Klinicznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie    Streszczenie Na przestrzeni lat powstawały liczne koncepcje zdrowia i jego ochrony. Ulegają one ewolucji przede wszystkim w konsekwencji rozwoju nauki i rozszerzania podejść do  otaczającej rzeczywistości. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie ewolucji pojęcia zdrowia oraz teorii uwarunkowań stanu zdrowia formułowanych na przestrzeni wieków. Wielość definicji ukazuje ewolucję jako proces kształtujący rozumienie zdrowia, a co za tym idzie działań podejmowanych na rzecz jego ochrony. Przyjęta koncepcja i specyfika zidentyfikowanych grup czynników wpływa na cele i przyjmowane strategie umacniania potencjału zdrowotnego ludności. W pracy szczegółowo omówiono biomedyczny, psychosocjomedyczny i socjologiczny paradygmat zdrowia. Przybliżono również koncepcję stylu życia jako efektywnej drogi w zapobieganiu występowania chorób, ich rozwoju i powikłań. Słowa kluczowe: koncepcja zdrowia, paradygmat zdrowia, determinanty zdrowia, styl życia. AbstractOver the years numerous concepts of health and its protection arose. They undergo evolution above all in consequence of science development and extending approaches of surrounding reality.An aim of the work is to present the evolution of health concept and theory of health determinants formulated over the centuries. The multitude of definition shows evolution as a process that shapes understanding the health, and consequently activities undertaken for the benefit of its protection. Adopted concept and specificity of identified groups of factors affects the objectives and adopted strategies to strengthen the health potential of population.The work in detail discusses biomedical, psychosociomedical and sociological paradigm of the health. Lifestyle concept as an effective way to prevent the occurrence of diseases, their development and complications were also described. Keywords: health concept, paradigm of the health, health determinants, lifestyle

Murine glial progenitor cells transplantation and synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF) reduces inflammation and early motor impairment in ALS mice.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neuronal disorder characterized by neuronal degeneration and currently no effective cure is available to stop or delay the disease from progression. Transplantation of murine glial-restricted precursors (mGRPs) is an attractive strategy to modulate ALS development and advancements such as the use of immune modulators could potentially extend graft survival and function. Using a well-established ALS transgenic mouse model (SOD1G93A), we tested mGRPs in combination with the immune modulators synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF), Tacrolimus (Tac), and Costimulatory Blockade (CB). We report that transplantation of mGRPs into the cisterna magna did not result in increased mice survival. The addition of immunomodulatory regimes again did not increase mice lifespan but improved motor functions and sPIF was superior compared to other immune modulators. Immune modulators did not affect mGRPs engraftment significantly but reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Finally, sPIF and CB reduced the number of microglial cells and prevented neuronal number loss. Given the safety profile and a neuroprotective potential of sPIF, we envision its clinical application in near future

Microfungi of the Tatra Mountains. Part 7. Correction of some data from herbaria and the literature

The Tatra Mts are located on the border of two countries – Poland and Slovakia. It is a unique, extremely geobotanically-differentiated region, protected by law and listed on the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve List as an internationally recognized area. Due to the high nature values of the Tatra Mts, varied research, including mycological, has been intensively conducted on this area for many years. The first data on the microscopic fungi of the Tatras comes from to the second half of the nineteenth century and spans more than 150 years. Currently, the critical list of microfungi is being prepared concerning species published up to date from the whole Tatra range (the Polish and Slovakian parts), and also the adjacent areas. During detailed study of the available mycological literature, many erroneous citations of the original data or incorrect interpretations of these records were noted. Often, this faulty data was also reproduced in subsequent publications.The aim of this study was to correct some of the data published in the cited literature. In the paper, 68 fungal species were mentioned, including 29 species of Ascomycota and 39 species of Basidiomycota. Additionally, some information about the plants – the fungal hosts – has also been corrected

Biological role and diagnostic utility of ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 53 in cutaneous melanoma

Background: Skin melanoma is one of the deadliest types of skin cancer and develops from melanocytes. The genetic aberrations in protein-coding genes are well characterized, but little is known about changes in non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as pseudogenes. Ribosomal protein pseudogenes (RPPs) have been described as the largest group of pseudogenes which are dispersed in the human genome. Materials and methids: We looked deeply at the role of one of them, ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 53 (RPL23AP53), and its potential diagnostic use. The expression level of RPL23AP53 was profiled in melanoma cell lines using qRT-PCR and analyzed based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data depending on BRAF status and clinicopathological parameters. Cellular phenotype, which was associated with RPL23AP53 levels, was described based on the REACTOME pathway browser, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis as well as Immune and ESTIMATE Scores. Results: We indicted in vitro changes in RPL23AP53 level depending on a cell line, and based on in silico analysis of TCGA samples demonstrated significant differences in RPL23AP53 expression between primary and metastatic melanoma, as well as correlation between  RPL23AP53 and overall survival. No differences depending on BRAF status were observed. RPL23AP53 is associated with several signaling pathways and cellular processes. Conclusions: This study showed that patients with higher expression of RPL23AP53 displayed changed infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils compared to groups with lower expression of RPL23AP53. RPL23AP53 pseudogene is differently expressed in melanoma compared with normal tissue and its expression is associated with cellular proliferation. Thus, it may be considered as an indicator of patients' survival and a marker for the immune profile assessment

Evaluation of humoral immune response against mycobacterial antigens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed by genetic and culture methods

Wstęp: Celem pracy była ocena stężenia przeciwciał przeciwko antygenom prątka gruźlicy w płynie uzyskanym podczas płukania oskrzelowo-pęcherzykowego u chorych na gruźlicę płuc potwierdzoną bakteriologicznie oraz porównanie przydatności metod serologicznych i metod genetycznych (łańcuchowa reakcja polimerazy) w rozpoznawaniu gruźlicy u tych chorych. Materiał i metody: Odpowiedź humoralną na antygeny prątka oceniono za pomocą testu immunoenzymatycznego, porównując stężenia przeciwciał różnych klas przeciwko rekombinowanym antygenom prątka 38kDa, 16kDa i LAM w materiale pochodzącym z płukania oskrzelowo-pęcherzykowego. Grupę badaną stanowili chorzy na gruźlicę płuc zdiagnozowaną przy użyciu metody BACTEC, a grupę kontrolną chorzy na inne choroby układu oddechowego. Przeprowadzono analizę czułości i swoistości zastosowanych testów. Wyniki: Czułość dla testu IgG anty38kDa + 16kDa wynosiła 49%, IgG anty38kDa + LAM - 33%, IgA anty38kDa + LAM - 100%, IgM anty38kDa + LAM - 35%. Swoistość użytych testów wyniosła dla antygenu IgA anty38kDa + LAM - 13%, IgM anty38kDa + LAM - 75%, IgG anty38kDa + 16kDa - 87%, IgG anty38kDa + LAM - 93%. Wnioski: Badane testy, oparte na przeciwciałach klasy IgG, mogą być przydatne, łącznie z innymi metodami diagnostycznymi, w rozpoznawaniu gruźlicy.Introduction: The resistance to TB is cells-mediated but humoral response is common and may be correlated with the lack of effective local cellular defence mechanisms. The goal of the study was to evaluate IgG, IgA and IgM mediated humoral immune response against 38kDa plus 16kDa and 38kDa plus lipoarabinomannan (LAM) mycobacterial antigens in BALF from patients with culture confirmed and PCR positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) compared to non-tuberculous controls (NTB). Material and methods: 79 BALF samples (46 TB and 30 NTB) were examined. In 25 BALF samples from TB patients nucleic acids from M. tuberculosis were detected by PCR method. Commercially available ELISA - based assays against proteins 38kDa and 16kDa or 38kDa plus LAM were used. Three different dilutions of BALF: 1 : 1 and 1 : 10 were tested. Mean IgG level against 38 + LAM was significantly higher in TB group compared to control (p < 0,0001). No difference was observed between TB and NTB group in titer of IgM antibodies. Results: Sensitivity of the tests based on IgG anti38kDa + 16kDa was 49%, IgG anti38kDa + LAM - 33%, IgA anti38kDa + LAM - 100%, IgM anti38kDa + LAM - 35%. Specificity of examined assays: IgA anti38kDa + LAM - 13%, IgM anti38kDa + LAM - 75%, IgG anti38kDa + 16kDa - 87%, IgG anti38kDa + LAM - 93%. The findings of the study indicate that TB is associated with the presence of detectable levels of antibodies in the BALF. Conclusions: Examined tests detecting IgG in BALF can be used in combination with other diagnostic methods to increase diagnostic accuracy of pulmonary TB

Phototropin2 3’UTR overlaps with the AT5G58150 gene encoding an inactive RLK kinase

ackground This study examines the biological implications of an overlap between two sequences in the Arabidop�sis genome, the 3’UTR of the PHOT2 gene and a putative AT5G58150 gene, encoded on the complementary strand. AT5G58150 is a probably inactive protein kinase that belongs to the transmembrane, leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase family. Phot2 is a membrane-bound UV/blue light photoreceptor kinase. Thus, both proteins share their cellular localization, on top of the proximity of their loci. Results The extent of the overlap between 3’UTR regions of AT5G58150 and PHOT2 was found to be 66 bp, using RACE PCR. Both the at5g58150 T-DNA SALK_093781C (with insertion in the promoter region) and 35S::AT5G58150�GFP lines overexpress the AT5G58150 gene. A detailed analysis did not reveal any substantial impact of PHOT2 or AT5G58150 on their mutual expression levels in diferent light and osmotic stress conditions. AT5G58150 is a plasma membrane protein, with no apparent kinase activity, as tested on several potential substrates. It appears not to form homodimers and it does not interact with PHOT2. Lines that overexpress AT5G58150 exhibit a greater reduction in lat‑ eral root density due to salt and osmotic stress than wild-type plants, which suggests that AT5G58150 may partici‑ pate in root elongation and formation of lateral roots. In line with this, mass spectrometry analysis identifed proteins with ATPase activity, which are involved in proton transport and cell elongation, as putative interactors of AT5G58150. Membrane kinases, including other members of the LRR RLK family and BSK kinases (positive regulators of brassinos‑ teroid signalling), can also act as partners for AT5G58150. Conclusions AT5G58150 is a membrane protein that does not exhibit measurable kinase activity, but is involved in signalling through interactions with other proteins. Based on the interactome and root architecture analysis, AT5G58150 may be involved in plant response to salt and osmotic stress and the formation of roots in Arabidopsis

Informed consent for clinical trials in acute coronary syndromes and stroke following the European Clinical Trials Directive: investigators' experiences and attitudes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>During clinical trials in emergency medicine, providing appropriate oral and written information to a patient is usually a challenge. There is little published information regarding patients' opinions and competence to provide informed consent, nor on physicians' attitudes towards the process. We have investigated the problem of obtaining consent from patients in emergency-setting clinical trials (such as acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and stroke) from a physicians' perspective.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A standardised anonymous 14-item questionnaire was distributed to Polish cardiac and stroke centres.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Two hundred and fourteen informative investigator responses were received. Of these investigators, 73.8% had experience with ACS and 25.2% had experience with acute stroke trials (and 1% with both fields). The complete model of informed consent (embracing all aspects required by Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and law) was used in 53.3% of cases in emergency settings, whereas the legal option of proxy consent was not used at all. While less than 15% of respondents considered written information to have been fully read by patients, 80.4% thought that the amount of information being given to emergency patients is too lengthy. Although there is no legal obligation, more than half of the investigators sought parallel consent (assent) from patients' relatives. Most investigators confirmed that they would adopt the model proposed by the GCP guidelines: abbreviated verbal and written consent in emergency conditions with obligatory "all-embracing" deferred consent to continue the trial once the patient is able to provide it. However, this model would not follow current Polish and European legislation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>An update of national and European regulations is required to enable implementation of the emergency trial consent model referred to in GCP guidelines.</p

Road to clinical implementation of CAR-T technology in Poznań

The objective of this paper is to present the process of the national and international accreditation leading to the establishment of the first certified chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) Cell Unit in Poland on the basis of the Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation in Poznan University of Medical Sciences and first successful CAR-T therapy in Poland. During 12 months from the initial decision to establish the CAR-T Cell Unit to the application of CAR-T cell treatment in the first patient, the center had to undergo the multidisciplinary external and internal training, as well as the adaptation of multiple procedures within the Transplant Unit and Stem Cell Bank. In order to get accreditation for the implementation of CAR-T cell therapy, an initial training of the team involved in handling cellular products and patient care was organized and updated as a continuous process. The Department fulfilled the site-selection international criteria. The first patient diagnosed for refractory/relapsed DLBCL was qualified, and finally CAR-T cells were administered with successful clinical outcome