Formação, Práticas Educativas e Currículo Escolar: Pobreza e Desigualdades Socioculturais em Foco - Volume 4

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A ESCUTA INTERGERACIONAL QUALIFICADA: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE ARTICULAÇÃO ENTRE GRADUAÇÃO E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO VISANDO A INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE DE ÁREAS E SABERES

A Escuta Intergeracional (ESTER) no enfrentamento da pandemia pelo novo Coronavírus visa diminuir os impactos gerados pelo isolamento social através da motivação no autocuidado das pessoas a respeito das medidas de proteção. A interdisciplinaridade no atendimento às necessidades dos usuários, ampliando o conhecimento e suscitando a articulação da extensão, com a pesquisa e o ensino

POÉTICAS DO ISOLAMENTO

Esta obra é composta por textos de um grupo de professores, que no ano de 2020, reinventaram-se em suas ações pedagógicas, buscando por meio da extensão dar continuidade ao ensino com a comunidade acadêmica e externa. O momento de distanciamento, em função da pandemia do Coronavírus, nos levou a busca de meios que possibilitassem o desenvolvimento das ações pedagógicas a distância. Então, iniciamos o processo de ampliar o nosso repertório digital para aplicá-lo no desenvolvimento das aprendizagens propostas por meio de minicursos, seminários, palestras e performances artísticas

Affectivity, values and moral references: a study with young students of the state of São Paulo

Este estudo qualitativo de caráter exploratório está pautado em preceitos convergentes da Educação e da Psicologia tendo por objetivo identificar referências pessoais que influenciem os valores ético-morais adotados pelo público adolescente. A investigação teórico empírica perpassou pressupostos da educação em valores consonantes a prerrogativas da psicologia moral visando elencar características admiráveis apontadas pelos jovens participantes; o presente trabalho foi emoldurado por variáveis do escopo educativo assumindo-o como um campo privilegiado de interação entre as distintas gerações que venham a favorecer uma construção reflexiva de valores ético-morais a partir de princípios louváveis. Em função destas prerrogativas uma questão central norteou nossa pesquisa: que influências perpassam a constituição de referências éticas e morais da atual geração de adolescentes? Alunos do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio da rede pública estadual paulista atendidos por um programa socioeducativo de formação complementar participaram desta pesquisa; estes dezenove adolescentes de dezessete anos por ocasião da pesquisa revelaram especificidades de seu raciocínio moral respondendo a um questionário de oito questões compostas. A organização e a composição dos resultados demonstrou a singularidade e a complexidade de sua leitura de mundo impregnada pelo contexto e pelo momento histórico vivenciado: moradores do entorno do grande ABC paulista composto pelos municípios de Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo e São Caetano região considerada referência do movimento sindical brasileiro por ocasião do início das mobilizações de rua convocadas pelas redes sociais em Junho de dois mil e treze. A sistematização dos dados foi organizada por categorias de influências e significados resultantes da lógica singular a cada um dos participantes, doze do sexo masculino e sete do sexo feminino; tal disposição demonstrou que a confiança dedicada a outrem é um dos valores centrais à constituição dos princípios ético-morais entre estes jovens. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam a relevância do afeto bem como, e especialmente, da afetividade constituída a partir das relações pessoais próximas e significativas demonstrando a indubitabilidade da influência daqueles com quem são estabelecidos os laços humanos mais genuínos instaurando vínculos potencialmente constituintes das personalidades éticas.This exploratory qualitative study is based on Educational and Psychological convergent precepts. Our central aim was to identify personal references that could influence moral and ethical values adopted by teenagers. An empirical such as theoretical investigation sought values education in the domain of Moral Psychology looking for a kind of inventory demonstrating admirable characteristics pointed out by nineteen adolescents in the age of seventeen residents of the great São Paulo ABC (reference of the Brazilian trade union movement). The scope was framed by educational influences looking for a kind of privileged ground of interaction between different generations that will hold a reflexive construction of ethical and moral values from about praiseworthy principles. In view of these prerogatives, a central question has guided our research: what kind of influences pass through the constitution of ethical and moral references of the present generation of adolescents? These youngsters third-year high school students by the São Paulo State Public School, twelve males and seven females, were also attended by a socio-educational program of complementary preparation. Composition and organization of them answers to a survey of eight compound questions revealed specificities about moral reasoning of these adolescents demonstrating the uniqueness and complexity way they assume their influences specially considering recent political marches. This data analysis was organized by categories analyzing influences and meanings which results from the singular moral judgment of each of these nineteen participants. Our central results demonstrated that trust committed to proximal others is one of the core values for the constitution of ethical-moral principles among these young people. Therefore out coming evidences confirmed affection relevance as well as, and especially, affectivity constituted from about close and significant personal relationships demonstrating the influence of those with whom the most genuine human bonds are established constituting potentially roots of ethical personalities

Teenagers subjectivities legitimating gender inequalities: a study from about Psychology and Education references.

Este trabalho se insere na área da Psicologia Moral buscando investigar crenças e valores referentes à socialização de gênero, pautados nas representações de adolescentes, de camadas populares urbanas. Pesquisa realizada com pouco mais de duzentos jovens, entre onze e quinze anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, em uma unidade escolar da rede pública municipal na zona norte da cidade de São Paulo. Utilizou como ferramenta um questionário contendo dez afirmações incompletas que em sua primeira parte sugeriam associações aos papéis sociais, tanto em relação às feminilidades, quanto às masculinidades, complementados por conflitos de interesses, primeiramente entre pares do sexo oposto e posteriormente por parceiros de mesmo sexo. Aplicada a análise a partir dos referenciais dos modelos organizadores de pensamento às respostas dadas, foi possível identificar a idéia central a partir da qual se ancoraram as percepções dos jovens nas diferentes afirmativas. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que, ainda que meninas e meninos reconheçam, desde muito cedo, o mundo composto por seres sexuados, o fazem sem estabelecer juízo de valor. Entretanto, em certo estágio da puberdade, especialmente a partir dos treze anos, parcela das jovens e dos jovens, introduz variáveis que suspendem, de algum modo, a igualdade natural entre os sexos estabelecendo hierarquias e subordinações que denunciam uma valoração, gradativa e díspar, dos papéis sociais relativos ao gênero.This work falls in the area of Moral Phychology. We investigated beliefs and values that support teenager sex-role socialization, more specifically, social gender representations of young people from popular urban communities. Our research carried out with a little more than two hundred boys and girls, between eleven and fifteen years old, in a public municipal school, at the north zone of the city of São Paulo. We choose as research tool a questionnaire containing six incomplete statements that suggested associations to social roles, in relation to femininity or masculinity. It was supplemented by four different conflicts of interest, first among partners of the opposite sex and later on by the same-sex peers. Applied an analysis to the answers from the Organizing Thought Models references, it was possible to us to identify the central perception ideas in which, young people, anchored their representations for each one of the ten different statements. The results show that, although girls and boys recognize that the world is gendered at a very young age, they do not establish value judgments. However, from some stage during puberty, especially after thirteen years old, young women and young men introduce some variables that suspend, in some way, the natural equality between the sexes and established subordinations down hierarchies which complain the valuation, gradual and uneven, regarding to social gender roles

Two-year outcome data suggest that less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is safe. Results from the follow-up of the randomized controlled AMV (avoid mechanical ventilation) study

Less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is a method to deliver surfactant to spontaneously breathing premature infants via a thin catheter. Here we report the two-year outcome from the AMV (avoid mechanical ventilation) study, the first randomized controlled trial on this mode of surfactant delivery. No statistically significant differences in weight, length or neurodevelopmental outcome (Bayley II scores) were found between the LISA intervention group (n = 95) and the control group (n = 84) that received standard treatment. Conclusion: No differences in outcome were observed at 2 years. LISA seems safe in that aspect.What is Known:center dot LISA is a method that is in increasing use for surfactant delivery to spontaneously breathing infants. LISA reduces the need for mechanical ventilation.What is New:center dot Outcome data at 2 years from the first randomized study with LISA raise no safety concerns in comparison to a group of infants that received standard treatment

Avoidance of mechanical ventilation by surfactant treatment of spontaneously breathing preterm infants (AMV): an open-label, randomised, controlled trial

Background Surfactant is usually given to mechanically ventilated preterm infants via an endotracheal tube to treat respiratory distress syndrome. We tested a new method of surfactant application to spontaneously breathing preterm infants to avoid mechanical ventilation. Method In a parallel-group, randomised controlled trial, 220 preterm infants with a gestational age between 26 and 28 weeks and a birthweight less than 1.5 kg were enrolled in 12 German neonatal intensive care units. Infants were independently randomised in a 1:1 ratio with variable block sizes, to standard treatment or intervention, and randomisation was stratified according to centre and multiple birth status. Masking was not possible. Infants were stabilised with continuous positive airway pressure and received rescue intubation if necessary. In the intervention group, infants received surfactant treatment during spontaneous breathing via a thin catheter inserted into the trachea by laryngoscopy if they needed a fraction of inspired oxygen more than 0.30. The primary endpoint was need for any mechanical ventilation, or being not ventilated but having a partial pressure of carbon dioxide more than 65 mm Hg (8.6 kPa) or a fraction of inspired oxygen more than 0.60, or both, for more than 2 h between 25 h and 72 h of age. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered, number ISRCTN05025922. Findings 108 infants were assigned to the intervention group and 112 infants to the standard treatment group. All infants were analysed. On day 2 or 3 after birth, 30 (28%) infants in the intervention group were mechanically ventilated versus 51 (46%) in the standard treatment group (number needed to treat 6, 95% CI 3-20, absolute risk reduction 0.18, 95% CI 0.30-0.05, p=0.008). 36 (33%) infants in the intervention group were mechanically ventilated during their stay in the hospital compared with 82 (73%) in the standard treatment group (number needed to treat: 3, 95% CI 2-4, p<0.0001). The intervention group had significantly fewer median days on mechanical ventilation, (0 days. IQR 0-3 vs 2 days, 0-5) and a lower need for oxygen therapy at 28 days (30 infants [30%] vs 49 infants [45%], p=0.032) compared with the standard treatment group. We recorded no differences between groups for mortality (seven deaths in the intervention group vs five in the standard treatment group) and serious adverse events (21 vs 28). Interpretation The application of surfactant via a thin catheter to spontaneously breathing preterm infants receiving continuous positive airway pressure reduces the need for mechanical ventilation

Clinical Relevance of Pathogens Detected by Multiplex PCR in Blood of Very-Low-Birth Weight Infants with Suspected Sepsis - Multicentre Study of the German Neonatal Network

Introduction In the German Neonatal Network (GNN) 10% of very-low-birth weight infants (VLBWI) suffer from blood-culture confirmed sepsis, while 30% of VLBWI develop clinical sepsis. Diagnosis of sepsis is a difficult task leading to potential over-treatment with antibiotics. This study aims to investigate whether the results of blood multiplex-PCR (SeptiFast (R)) for common sepsis pathogens are relevant for clinical decision making when sepsis is suspected in VLBWI. Methods We performed a prospective, multi-centre study within the GNN including 133 VLBWI with 214 episodes of suspected late onset sepsis (LOS). In patients with suspected sepsis a multiplex-PCR (LightCycler SeptiFast MGRADE-test (R)) was performed from 100 mu l EDTA blood in addition to center-specific laboratory biomarkers. The attending neonatologist documented whether the PCR-result, which was available after 24 to 48 hrs, had an impact on the choice of antibiotic drugs and duration of therapy. Results PCR was positive in 110/214 episodes (51%) and blood culture (BC) was positive in 55 episodes (26%). Both methods yielded predominantly coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) followed by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In 214 BC-PCR paired samples concordant results were documented in 126 episodes (59%; n = 32 were concordant pathogen positive results, n = 94 were negative in both methods). In 65 episodes (30%) we found positive PCR results but negative BCs, with CoNS being identified in 43 (66%) of these samples. Multiplex-PCR results influenced clinical decision making in 30% of episodes, specifically in 18% for the choice of antimicrobial therapy and in 22% for the duration of antimicrobial therapy. Conclusions Multiplex-PCR results had a moderate impact on clinical management in about one third of LOS-episodes. The main advantage of multiplex-PCR was the rapid detection of pathogens from micro-volume blood samples. In VLBWI limitations include risk of contamination, lack of resistance testing and high costs. The high rate of positive PCR results in episodes of negative BC might lead to overtreatment of infants which is associated with risk of mortality, antibiotic resistance, fungal sepsis and NEC