Colonic Lipoma Causing Bowel Intussusception: An Up-to-Date Systematic Review

Lipoma colónico; CirugíaLipoma colònic; CirurgiaColonic lipoma; SurgeryBackground: Colonic lipomas are rare and can sometimes cause intussusception. The aim of this review was to define the presentation and possible management for colocolic intussusception caused by colonic lipomas. Methods: A systematic search for patients with colocolic intussusception caused by colonic lipoma, including all available reports up to 2021. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data and details about the treatments performed were gathered. Results: Colocolic intussusception caused by lipoma is more frequent in women (57%), occurring between 40 and 70 years of age. Up to 83% of patients report abdominal pain, followed by constipation (18%), rectal bleeding (16%), and diarrhea (12%), with abdominal tenderness (37%), and distension in 16%, whereas 24% have a negative exploration. CT (72%) and colonoscopy (62%) are more commonly able to diagnose the entity. The most common location of intussusception is the transverse colon (28%). The surgical operation varies according to the site. The average dimensions of the lipoma are 59.81 × 47.84 × 38.9 mm3. Conclusions: A correct preoperative diagnosis of colonic lipoma causing intussusception might not be easy. Despite nonspecific clinical and laboratory presentation, cross-sectional imaging can help differential diagnosis. Surgical treatment depends on the localization.This research received no external funding

The Role of Dual-Energy CT for the Assessment of Liver Metastasis Response to Treatment: Above the RECIST 1.1 Criteria

Imaging assessment of liver lesions is fundamental to predict therapeutic response and improve patient survival rates. Dual-Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) is an increasingly used technique in the oncologic field with many emerging applications. The assessment of iodine concentration within a liver lesion reflects the biological properties of the tumor and provides additional information to radiologists that is normally invisible to the human eye. The possibility to predict tumor aggressiveness and therapeutic response based on quantitative and reproducible parameters obtainable from DECT images could improve clinical decisions and drive oncologists to choose the best therapy according to metastasis biological features. Moreover, in comparison with standard dimensional criteria, DECT provides further data on the cancer microenvironment, especially for patients treated with antiangiogenic-based drugs, in which tumor shrinkage is a late parameter of response. We investigated the predictive role of DECT in the early assessment of liver metastasis response to treatment in comparison with standard dimensional criteria during antiangiogenetic-based therapy

Assessing Response to Radiation Therapy Treatment of Bone Metastases: Short-Term Followup of Radiation Therapy Treatment of Bone Metastases with Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

This study examined the usefulness of diffusion-weighted (DW) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in monitoring bone metastases response to radiation therapy in 15 oligometastatic patients. For each metastasis, both mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes and high b-value DW metastasis/muscle signal intensity ratio (SIR) variations were evaluated at 30 ± 5 days and 60 ± 7 days after the end of treatment. On baseline DW-MRI, all bone metastases were hyperintense and had signal intensities higher than normal bone marrow on calculated ADC maps. At follow-up evaluations, 4 patterns of response were identified: (I) decreased high b-value DW SIR associated with increased mean ADC (83.3% of cases); (II) increased mean ADC with no change of high b-value DW SIR (10% of cases); (III) decreased both high b-value DW SIR and mean ADC (3.3% of cases); (IV) a reduction in mean ADC associated with an increase in high b-value DW SIR compared to pretreatment values (3.3% of cases). Patterns (I) and (II) suggested a good response to therapy; pattern (III) was classified as indeterminate, while pattern (IV) was suggestive of disease progression. This pattern approach may represent a useful tool in the differentiation between treatment-induced necrosis and highly cellular residual tumor

Scapular fractures: a common diagnostic pitfall

Scapular fractures are one of the most difficult fractures to diagnose on radiographs. Detection can be challenging because of the obscuration by the overlying structures or incomplete imaging due to difficult patient collaboration. Familiarity with imaging characteristics of these abnormalities will allow radiologists to better diagnose and characterize scapular fractures. Three-dimensional computed tomographic scans are considered the gold standard for scapular diagnoses. Treatment strategies differ depending on the type of scapular fractures, but the site and degree of displacement will determine whether surgical intervention should be considered. Complications can occur in fractures that are undiagnosed or improperly evaluated. The purpose of this article is to describe imaging features of traumatic scapular injury, and discuss the role of diagnostic imaging in clinical decision making after shoulder trauma

Vascular microinvasion from hepatocellular carcinoma: CT findings and pathologic correlation for the best therapeutic strategies

Recurrence of HCC reduces survival rates in patients treated with surgery, and one of the most relevant risk factors for tumour recurrence is microvascular invasion (mVI). The identification of mVI on preoperative examinations could improve surgical planningâ\u80\u99s and techniques so as to reduce the risk of tumour recurrence. During our study, we have revised 101 CT examinations of the liver performed on patients diagnosed with solitary HCC who had surgical treatment and pathological analysis of the specimens for mVI in order to detect CT signs which could be reliable in mVI prediction. On CT examinations, the tumours were evaluated for margins, capsule, size, contrast enhancement, halo sign and Thad. From our statistical analysis, we found out that irregularity in tumour margins and defects in peritumoural capsule are the most significant characteristics predicting mVI in HCC. Every report on CT examinations performed on surgical candidate patients should include suggestions about mVI probability in order to tailor procedures, reduce tumour recurrence risk and improve survival rates

Imaging of body packing: errors and medico-legal issues

Body packing is the ingestion or insertion in the human body of packed illicit substances. Over the last 20 years, drug smuggling has increased global and new means of transport of narcotics have emerged. Among these, the most frequent one is the gastrointestinal tract: from mouth to anus, vagina, and ears. Cocaine is one of the most traded drugs, followed by heroin. Condoms, latex gloves, and balloons are typically used as drug packets for retention in the body. There are different radiologic modalities to detect illicit drugs in body packing: Plain radiography, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and magnetic resonance. Current protocols recommend the use of radiography to confirm packet retention and, in case of doubt, the use of abdominal CT scan with reduced mAs. In case of packet rupture, catastrophic effects can occur. Management of patients carrying packets of drugs is a recurrent medico-legal problem. To improve diagnostic accuracy and prevent hazardous complications, radiologists and emergency physicians should be familiar with radiologic features of body packing. The radiologist plays both a social and a medico-legal role in their assessment, and it should not be limited only to the identification of the packages but must also provide accurate information about their number and their exact location. In this review, we focus on diagnostic errors and medico-legal issues related to the radiological assessment of body packers

Artificial intelligence to codify lung CT in Covid-19 patients

The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already assumed pandemic proportions, affecting over 100 countries in few weeks. A global response is needed to prepare health systems worldwide. Covid-19 can be diagnosed both on chest X-ray and on computed tomography (CT). Asymptomatic patients may also have lung lesions on imaging. CT investigation in patients with suspicion Covid-19 pneumonia involves the use of the high-resolution technique (HRCT). Artificial intelligence (AI) software has been employed to facilitate CT diagnosis. AI software must be useful categorizing the disease into different severities, integrating the structured report, prepared according to subjective considerations, with quantitative, objective assessments of the extent of the lesions. In this communication, we present an example of a good tool for the radiologist (Thoracic VCAR software, GE Healthcare, Italy) in Covid-19 diagnosis (Pan et al. in Radiology, 2020. 10.1148/radiol.2020200370). Thoracic VCAR offers quantitative measurements of the lung involvement. Thoracic VCAR can generate a clear, fast and concise report that communicates vital medical information to referring physicians. In the post-processing phase, software, thanks to the help of a colorimetric map, recognizes the ground glass and differentiates it from consolidation and quantifies them as a percentage with respect to the healthy parenchyma. AI software therefore allows to accurately calculate the volume of each of these areas. Therefore, keeping in mind that CT has high diagnostic sensitivity in identifying lesions, but not specific for Covid-19 and similar to other infectious viral diseases, it is mandatory to have an AI software that expresses objective evaluations of the percentage of ventilated lung parenchyma compared to the affected one

Magnetic resonance severity index assessed by T1-weighted imaging for acute pancreatitis: correlation with clinical outcomes and grading of the revised Atlanta classification-a narrative review

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disease that may involve pancreas and peripancreatic tissues with a prevalence of up to 50 per 100,000 individuals for year. The Atlanta classification was assessed for the first time in 1992 and modified in 2012 in order to describe morphological features of AP and its complications. AP can be morphologically distinguished in two main types: interstitial edematous pancreatitis (IEP) and necrotizing pancreatitis (NEP). This classification is very important because the presence of necrosis is directly linked to local or systemic complications, hospital stays and death. Magnetic resonance (MR) is very useful to characterize morphological features in AP and its abdominal complications. Particularly we would like to underline the diagnostic, staging and prognostic role of T1-weighted images with fat suppression that could be significant to assess many features of the AP inflammatory process and its complications (detection of the pancreatic contour, pancreatic necrosis, presence of haemorrhage). Signs of inflammatory and edema are instead observed by T1-weighted images. MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is necessary to study the main pancreatic duct and the extrahepatic biliary tract and contrast-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows to assess the extent of necrosis and vascular injuries

MRI findings in patient with primary cutaneous nocardiosis: A case report

: Nocardia is a genus of gram-positive, filamentous, aerobic bacteria that belongs to the Actinomycetales order. With over 50 species, it is ubiquitous in dust, soil, decaying organic matter, and stagnant water. Inhalation of the pathogen often leads to pulmonary nocardiosis, while extrapulmonary nocardiosis can affect the central nervous system, skin, and subcutaneous tissues. Primary cutaneous nocardiosis occurs when the pathogen is introduced through a skin lesion or insect bite, for example, this report presents a case of primary cutaneous nocardiosis in a patient with Minimal Change Glomerulonephritis and iatrogenic immunosuppression. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed extensive involvement of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and lower limb muscles