El girasol silvestre (Helianthus spp.) en la Argentina: caracterización para la liberación de cultivares transgénicos

Dos especies de girasol silvestre originarias de América del Norte se han naturalizado en la Argentina: Helianthus annuus L. y H. petiolaris Nutt., anuales, diploides (x=17) y autoincompatibles. La primera no ha sido descripta anteriormente en el país y correspondería a H. annuus ssp. annuus. Se encontraron poblaciones establecidas en las provincias de Córdoba, La Pampa, Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos, Mendoza y San Juan. Otras plantas, que corresponderían a descendencias de H. annuus var. macrocarpus, el girasol cultivado, se encontraron creciendo en forma adventicia en toda la región de cultivo, incluyendo Santa Fe y Chaco. H. petiolaris está más difundida, principalmente en La Pampa, San Luis y oeste de Buenos Aires, en suelos arenosos y continúa su expansión. Excepto en Entre Ríos, Mendoza y San Juan, las dos especies silvestres son simpátricas en diversas localidades. Ambas pueden cruzarse con el girasol cultivado y se hallaron plantas morfológicamente intermedias en 15 departamentos provinciales, lo que indicaría la formación de enjambres híbridos como en su centro de origen. Se estima que estas especies se han establecido en un 50% de la región de cultivo del girasol, con importantes implicaciones para el mejoramiento genético y la bioseguridad, en el caso de liberación de cultivares transgénico

El girasol silvestre (Helianthus spp.) en la Argentina: Caracterización para la liberación de cultivares transgénicos

Two wild sunflower species native to North America have been naturalized in Argentina: Helianthus annuus L. and H. petiolaris Nutt., are annuals, diploid (x=17) and selfincompatibles. The former was not previously described in this country and would correspond to H. annuus ssp. annuus. Populations were found in Córdoba, La Pampa, Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos, Mendoza and San Juan provinces. Other plants matching progenies of cultivated sunflower, H. annuus var. macrocarpus, were found as adventitious within the cultivated region, including Santa Fe and Chaco. H. petiolaris is much more pervasive, mainly in La Pampa, San Luis and Western Buenos Aires, on sandy soils, and continues spreading. Both species can hybridize with the cultivated sunflower and morphologically intermediate plants were found in 15 counties, which would point to hybrid swarms formation, such as in their center of origin. It was estimated that these wild species have established over 50% of the sunflower cultivated area, which has important implications for genetic breeding and biosafety, in the case of release of transgenic cultivars.Dos especies de girasol silvestre originarias de América del Norte se han naturalizado en la Argentina: Helianthus annuus L. y H. petiolaris Nutt., anuales, diploides (x=17) y autoincompatibles. La primera no ha sido descripta anteriormente en el país y correspondería a H. annuus ssp. annuus. Se encontraron poblaciones establecidas en las provincias de Córdoba, La Pampa, Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos, Mendoza y San Juan. Otras plantas, que corresponderían a descendencias de H. annuus var. macrocarpus, el girasol cultivado, se encontraron creciendo en forma adventicia en toda la región de cultivo, incluyendo Santa Fe y Chaco. H. petiolaris está más difundida, principalmente en La Pampa, San Luis y oeste de Buenos Aires, en suelos arenosos y continúa su expansión. Excepto en Entre Ríos, Mendoza y San Juan, las dos especies silvestres son simpátricas en diversas localidades. Ambas pueden cruzarse con el girasol cultivado y se hallaron plantas morfológicamente intermedias en 15 departamentos provinciales, lo que indicaría la formación de enjambres híbridos como en su centro de origen. Se estima que estas especies se han establecido en un 50% de la región de cultivo del girasol, con importantes implicaciones para el mejoramiento genético y la bioseguridad, en el caso de liberación de cultivares transgénicos

Water transport during bread baking: Impact of the baking temperature and the baking time

International audienceThe impact of the baking temperature on the moisture profile (in terms of water content), during bread baking was analyzed using a convection oven (three oven temperatures and different baking times). During baking, local water content and temperature were measured at different regions of the crust and crumb. There was found an increase in water content at the core. Water content reached a maximum level (at about 2.5%), with no effect of the baking temperature, and decreased slowly at advanced baking times. Regarding the crust, a theoretical model relating water flux to the driven force (temperature difference between the oven environment and the vaporization front) and the crust thermal resistance was validated with experimental values. Water losses were also reported. The water lost by bread contributes significantly to the energy consumption by this process and its reduction is of concern for conducting the process in a more sustainable manner. A better optimization of heat transfer between the surface (for coloration purposes) and the core (for inflation purposes) could help in this way, together with shorter baking duration and hence higher yield. © The Author(s) 2018

Influence of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Infection on laboratory parameters of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus Influência da infecção pelo vírus linfotrópico humano tipo 1 (HTLV-1) em parâmetros laboratoriais de pacientes com hepatite C crônica

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) share routes of transmission and some individuals have dual infection. Although some studies point to a worse prognosis of hepatitis C virus in patients co-infected with HTLV-1, the interaction between these two infections is poorly understood. This study evaluated the influence of HTLV-1 infection on laboratory parameters in chronic HCV patients. Twelve HTLV-1/HCV-coinfected patients were compared to 23 patients infected only with HCV, in regard to demographic data, risk factors for viral acquisition, HCV genotype, presence of cirrhosis, T CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts and liver function tests. There was no difference in regard to age, gender, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, HCV genotype or presence of cirrhosis between the groups. Intravenous drug use was the most common risk factor among individuals co-infected with HTLV-1. These patients showed higher TCD8+ counts (p = 0.0159) and significantly lower median values of AST and ALT (p = 0.0437 and 0.0159, respectively). In conclusion, we have shown that HCV/HTLV-1 co-infected patients differs in laboratorial parameters involving both liver and immunological patterns. The meaning of these interactions in the natural history of these infections is a matter that deserves further studies.<br>O vírus da hepatite C (VHC) e vírus linfotrópico humano tipo 1 (HTLV-1) compartilham formas de transmissão e algumas pessoas apresentam coinfecção. Embora alguns estudos apontem para um pior prognóstico da infecção pelo VHC em pacientes coinfectados com HTLV-1, a interação entre estas infecções é mal compreendida. Este estudo avaliou a influência da infecção pelo HTLV-1 em parâmetros laboratoriais de pacientes com VHC. 12 coinfectados VHC/HTLV-1 foram comparados com 23 pacientes monoinfectados com VHC, no que diz respeito aos dados demográficos, fatores de risco para aquisição viral, genótipo do VHC, presença de cirrose, contagens de linfócitos T CD4+ e CD8+ e testes de função hepática. Não houve diferença em relação à idade, sexo, consumo de álcool, tabagismo, genótipo do VHC ou presença de cirrose entre os grupos. O uso de drogas injetáveis foi o fator de risco mais comum entre coinfectados. Esses pacientes apresentaram maiores contagens de linfócitos T CD8+ e valores medianos de AST e ALT significativamente mais baixos (p = 0,0437 e 0,0159, respectivamente). Em conclusão, demonstrou-se que os pacientes com VHC/HTLV-1 diferem quanto aos parâmetros hepáticos e imunológicos. O significado destas diferenças na história natural destas infecções é um assunto que merece estudos mais aprofundados